甚
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]甚 (Kangxi radical 99,
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 754, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21648
- Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 25, character 5
- Unihan data for U+751A
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 甚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 甚 | |
| alternative forms | 𠥄 𠯕 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 甚 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um | |
| 媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
| 糂 | *sluːmʔ |
| *kʰluːm | |
| 戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
| 嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
| 歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
| *kʰluːms | |
| 磡 | *kʰuːms |
| 墈 | *kʰuːms |
| 偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
| 碪 | *ʔl'um |
| *ʔl'um | |
| 揕 | *ʔl'ums |
| 踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 斟 | *kljum |
| 諶 | *ɡljum |
| 愖 | *ɡljum |
| 瘎 | *ɡljum |
| 煁 | *ɡljum |
| 甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
| 葚 | *ɦljumʔ |
Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (
Etymology 1
[edit]STEDT considers it to be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“full; flat; straight”) and cognate with 斟 (OC *kljum, “to pour”),
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sam6 / sap6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ́m
- Northern Min (KCR): sēng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
- Wade–Giles: shên4
- Yale: shèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sam6 / sap6
- Yale: sahm / sahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam6 / sap9
- Guangdong Romanization: sem6 / seb6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm²²/, /sɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: sap6 - rare.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́m
- Hakka Romanization System: siim`
- Hagfa Pinyim: sim3
- Sinological IPA: /sɨm³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
- Tâi-lô: sīm
- Phofsit Daibuun: sim
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sim²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐm
- Tâi-lô: sǐm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sim²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sim6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĭm
- Sinological IPA (key): /sim³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 甚 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂən⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /ʂən⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /ʂən⁵³/ /sən⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂẽ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʃə̃⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂən³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʂẽ⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʂə̃²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂəŋ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂə̃n¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /sən³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /sen²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /ʂə̃²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʂən⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʂən⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /ʂəŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /zen¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zaŋ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃²²/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən⁵⁵/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂən⁵⁵/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /səm⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃem³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐm²²/ |
| Nanning | /sɐm²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /sɐm²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sim⁵³/ /sim²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛiŋ²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /sim³⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /tim³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzyimX, dzyimH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ/, /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljumʔ/, /*ɡljums/
Definitions
[edit]甚
- serious; extreme; excessive
- extremely; considerably; very
- (literary) to exceed; to surpass
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]一之 為 甚／一之 为甚 (yīzhīwéishèn)一之 謂 甚／一之 谓甚不 求 甚解 (bùqiúshènjiě)不為 已 甚／不 为已甚 (bùwéiyǐshèn)不 甚 (bùshèn)不 甚了了 (bùshènliǎoliǎo)不 甚合意 - 厥功甚偉／厥功甚伟
去 泰 去 甚去 甚去泰 名聲 籍 甚／名声 籍 甚太 甚 (tàishèn)家 徒 甚殷尤 有 甚者尤 甚 (yóushèn)已 甚 (yǐshèn)幸甚 (xìngshèn)- 忒甚
日 甚一 日 (rìshènyīrì)更 甚- 欺人
太 甚 (qīréntàishèn) 特 甚 (tèshèn)- 甚且 (shènqiě)
- 甚人
- 甚口
- 甚囂
塵 上 ／甚嚣尘上 (shènxiāochénshàng) - 甚或 (shènhuò)
- 甚是 (shènshì)
- 甚而 (shèn'ér)
- 甚至 (shènzhì)
- 甚雨
疾風 甚雨／疾 风甚雨 相 得 甚歡／相 得 甚欢籍 甚 (jíshèn)聲 稱 籍 甚／声 称 籍 甚腹 笥 甚廣／腹 笥 甚广自 奉 甚儉／自 奉 甚俭- 莫此
為 甚／莫此为甚 著 甚來由 ／著 甚来由 - 藉甚／
借 甚 蝕甚 ／蚀甚衣冠 甚偉／衣冠 甚伟言 之 過 甚／言 之 过甚軒 軒 甚得／轩轩甚得- 逼人
太 甚 過 從 甚密／过从甚密過 甚／过甚 (guòshèn)過 甚其實 ／过甚其实過 甚其詞 ／过甚其词
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation 1
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 甚 – see 什 (“ten families; etc.”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 什). |
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
- Wade–Giles: shên4
- Yale: shèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shén
- Wade–Giles: shên2
- Yale: shén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sam6
- Yale: sahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam6
- Guangdong Romanization: sem6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seng3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
Definitions
[edit]甚
- (literary or dialectal Mandarin, Jin) what
- 甚
事 ？ ― Shèn shì? ― What is it?
- 甚
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]甚
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)←じん (zin, historical)←じむ (zimu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Tō-on: そも (somo)
- Kun: はなはだ (hanahada,
甚 だ, Jōyō); はなはだしい (hanahadashii,甚 だしい, Jōyō); なに (nani, 甚); いたく (itaku,甚 く)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- great extent
- considerably
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]甚: Hán Nôm readings: thậm, rậm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しん
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