八はち

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See also: 入いれ, 丷, and ハ
八はち U+516B, 八
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B
← 兪
[U+516A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 公おおやけ →
[U+516C]
⼋ U+2F0B, ⼋
KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT
← ⼊
[U+2F0A] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼌ →
[U+2F0C]
㈧ U+3227, ㈧
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㈦
[U+3226] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈨ →
[U+3228]
㊇ U+3287, ㊇
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT
← ㊆
[U+3286] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊈ →
[U+3288]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 12 八はち

八はち (Kangxi radical 12, 八はち+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 竹たけ人じん (HO), four-corner 80000, composition ⿰丿乀(GHT) or ⿰丿乁(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #12, ⼋.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №16

Usage notes

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Minor strokes in the shape of 八はち or 丷, as in the top of 𠔉 and 龹, can be referred by this radical (but in many cases, it is a false friend). These are often written as 丷 in modern texts. Compare 卷まき/卷まき, and different forms of 鬲/鬲.

Derived characters

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 126, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 274, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 241, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+516B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 八はち
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
j01414
j01415
j01416
j01417
j01418
j01419
j01420
j01421
j01422
j01423
j01424
b00933
b00934
b00935
b00936
b00937
b00938
b00939
b00940
b00941
b00942
b00943
b00944
b00945
b00946
b00947
b00948
b00949
s00788
Transcribed ancient scripts
L26490
L26491
L26492
L26493
L26494
L26495
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (八はち) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扒 *preːds, *preːd, *pred
八はち *preːd
𩡩 *preːd
朳 *preːd
玐 *preːd
釟 *preːd
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 八はち is two bent lines indicating the original meaning of "to divide". This character is later borrowed to mean "eight" because of homonymy, making the original meaning obsolete (now represented by 分ぶん and 別べつ).

Etymology 1

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trad. 八はち
simp. # 八はち
alternative forms 捌 financial

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gjat (“eight”). Compare Tibetan བརྒྱད (brgyad).

Pronunciation

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Note: bá - a less common tone sandhi variant of 八はち when it occurs before a departing-tone character, e.g. 八はち路ろ (Bālù).
Note:
  • poeh/peh/piē - vernacular;
  • pat - literary.
Rime
Character 八はち
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 幫 (1)
Final (韻いん) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) II
Fanqie 博ひろし拔切きり
Baxter peat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		baat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八はち
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八はち
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component 		八はち
Rime
group 		月つき
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		八はち
Old
Chinese 		/*preːd/

Definitions

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八はち

  1. eight
  2. many; numerous
  3. (printing) pearl (the smallest size of usual type, standardized as 5 point)
  4. Short for 八卦はっけ (bāguà).
    1. to gossip (about); to stick one's nose in
    2. (Cantonese) nosey; meddling
      八はち婆ばば [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 po4 [Jyutping]  ―  nosey parker; meddling woman
  5. a surname: Ba
See also
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Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小しょう寫うつし／小しょう写うつし) 		〇, 零れい, 空そら 一いち, 蜀しょく 二に, 兩りょう／两 三さん 四よん 五ご 六ろく 七なな 八はち 九きゅう 十じゅう 百ひゃく 千せん 萬まん／万まん,
十じゅう千せん (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百ひゃく萬まん／百ひゃく万まん,
桶おけ(Philippines),
面めん桶おけ (Philippines) 		億おく／亿 兆ちょう (Taiwan)
萬まん億おく／万まん亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大だい寫うつし／大だい写うつし) 		零れい 壹いち 貳に／贰 參まいり／叁 肆 伍ご 陸りく／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾ひろえ 佰 仟

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (八はち):
  • → Japanese: 八はち(はち) (hachi)
  • → Korean: 팔(八はち) (pal)
  • → Vietnamese: bát (八はち)

Others:

Etymology 2

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trad. 八はち
simp. # 八はち

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 別べつ／别 (bié).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 八はち
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 幫 (1)
Final (韻いん) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) II
Fanqie 博ひろし拔切きり
Baxter peat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pəɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/pɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pæt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ba
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		baat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 八はち
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pɛt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁret/
English eight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 八はち
Reading # 1/1
No. 89
Phonetic
component 		八はち
Rime
group 		月つき
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		八はち
Old
Chinese 		/*preːd/

Definitions

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八はち

  1. † to divide; to differentiate

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 八はち – see 捌 (“to know”).
(This character is a variant form of 捌).

References

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Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal : 八はち

Kanji

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八はち

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Derived terms

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
八はち
はち
Grade: 1
goon
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese 八はち (MC peat).

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) はち [háꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠t͡ɕi]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

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八はち(はち) • (hachi) 

  1. eight, 8

Noun

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八はち(はち) • (hachi) 

  1. eight
  2. Short for 八はちの字じ.
  3. Short for 八兵衛はちべえ.

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
八はち
や
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 八はち (ya), from Proto-Japonic *ya.

The ablaut form of 四よん (yo, “four”), which it doubles. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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八はち(や) • (ya) 

  1. eight
Derived terms
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Coordinate terms

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Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零れい(れい) (rei)
零れい(ゼロ) (zero) 		一いち(いち) (ichi) 二に(に) (ni) 三さん(さん) (san) 四よん(よん) (yon)
四よん(し) (shi) 		五ご(ご) (go) 六ろく(ろく) (roku) 七なな(なな) (nana)
七なな(しち) (shichi) 		八はち(はち) (hachi) 九きゅう(きゅう) (kyū)
九きゅう(く) (ku) 		十じゅう(じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱いち(いち) (ichi) 弐に(に) (ni) 参まいり(さん) (san) 拾ひろえ(じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九きゅう(きゅう)十じゅう(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百ひゃく(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一いち(いっ)百ひゃく(ぴゃく) (ippyaku) 		三さん(さん)百ひゃく(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六ろく(ろっ)百ひゃく(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八はち(はっ)百ひゃく(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千せん(せん) (sen)
一いち(いっ)千せん(せん) (issen) 		三さん(さん)千せん(ぜん) (sanzen) 八はち(はっ)千せん(せん) (hassen) 一いち(いち)万まん(まん) (ichiman) 一いち(いち)億おく(おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一いち(いち)萬まん(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一いち(いっ)兆ちょう(ちょう) (itchō) 八はち(はっ)兆ちょう(ちょう) (hatchō) 十じゅう(じゅっ)兆ちょう(ちょう) (jutchō) 一いち(いっ)京きょう(けい) (ikkei) 六ろく(ろっ)京きょう(けい) (rokkei) 八はち(はっ)京きょう(けい) (hakkei) 十じゅう(じゅっ)京きょう(けい) (jukkei) 百ひゃく(ひゃっ)京きょう(けい) (hyakkei)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Korean numbers (edit)
80
 ←  7 8 9  → 
    Native isol.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Native attr.: 여덟 (yeodeol)
    Sino-Korean: 팔 (pal)
    Hanja: 八はち
    Ordinal: 여덟째 (yeodeoljjae)

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 八はち (MC peat).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 바ᇙ〮 (Yale: pálq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 여듧 (Yale: yètùlp) 팔 (Yale: phál)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 여ᄃᆞᆲ (Yale: yetolp) 팔 (Yale: phal)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

八はち (eumhun 여덟 팔 (yeodeol pal))

  1. hanja form? of 팔 (“eight”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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八はち: Hán Việt readings: bát[1][2][3]
八はち: Nôm readings: bát[1][2], bắt[1][3], bớt[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of bát (“eight, octo- (Sino-Vietnamese compounds)”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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