零れい

See also: 〇 and 𩆖

零れい	U+96F6, 零 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F6

← 雵
[U+96F5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

雷かみなり →
[U+96F7]

零	U+F9B2, 零 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B2

← 鈴
[U+F9B1]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

靈 →
[U+F9B3]

Commons:Category

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

零れい

Translingual

Traditional	零れい
Simplified	零れい
Japanese	零れい
Korean	零れい

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese jiu zixing, the bottom component 令れい is written 亼 + 𰆊, similar to its Kangxi dictionary form. In traditional Chinese as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, 令れい is written 亼 + マ. In simplified Chinese, the component 令れい is written 亽 + マ.

Han character

零れい (Kangxi radical 173, 雨あめ+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一いち月がつ人じん戈ほこ戈ほこ (MBOII), four-corner 1030₇, composition ⿱⻗令れい)

Derived characters

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 1
Unihan data for U+96F6

Unihan data for U+F9B2

Chinese

trad.		零れい
simp. ^#		零れい
2nd round simp.		⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶令れい
alternative forms		〇 zero 𠏡𡈍𤅫𥥋〇 zero 𠏡𡈍𤅫𥥋𮖿𩂙霗𩃞𩅶𩆖𩆼 ⿳⻗人𰆊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 零れい
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (令れい) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
令れい	ren, reŋ, reŋs, reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜れい	riːn, reːŋ
零れい	riːŋ, reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿	ɡriŋ, reːŋ
命いのち	*mreŋs
冷ひや	raːŋʔ, reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉	reŋ, reːŋ
嶺みね	*reŋʔ
領りょう	*reŋʔ
阾	reŋʔ, reːŋ
柃	reŋʔ, reːŋ
袊	*reŋʔ
詅	reŋs, reːŋ
旍	*ʔsleŋ
舲	*reːŋ
齡よわい	*reːŋ
囹	*reːŋ
鴒	*reːŋ
蛉	*reːŋ
鈴すず	*reːŋ
苓	*reːŋ
伶	*reːŋ
泠	*reːŋ
瓴	*reːŋ
拎	*reːŋ
刢	*reːŋ
玲れい	*reːŋ
聆	*reːŋ
竛	*reːŋ
軨	*reːŋ
笭	reːŋ, reːŋʔ
翎	*reːŋ
閝	*reːŋ
鹷	*reːŋ
昤	*reːŋ
駖	*reːŋ
彾	*reːŋ
呤	*reːŋ
狑	*reːŋ
秢	*reːŋ
岭	*reːŋ
紷	*reːŋ
砱	*reːŋ
羚	*reːŋ
姈	*reːŋ
蕶	*reːŋ
澪みお	*reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) : semantic 雨あめ (“rain”) + phonetic 令れい (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.

Etymology 1

Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:

From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.

Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): líng (ling²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лин (lin, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling⁴ / leng⁴ / leng^4-2 / leng^4-1

(Taishan, Wiktionary): len³ / liang³ / liang^3*
Gan (Wiktionary): lin⁴ / liang⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): làng

(Meixian, Guangdong): lang²
Jin (Wiktionary): ling¹
Northern Min (KCR): lâing
Eastern Min (BUC): lìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lêng / lân

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵ / lang⁵
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶lin / ²lin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: líng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: líng
  - Wade–Giles: ling²
  - Yale: líng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
  - Palladius: лин (lin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nin²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nin²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лин (lin, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ling⁴ / leng⁴ / leng^4-2 / leng^4-1
  - Yale: lìhng / lèhng / léng / lēng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴ / leng⁴ / leng^4-2 / leng^4-1
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴ / léng⁴ / léng^4-2 / léng^4-1
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/, /lɛːŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

Note:

ling4 - literary;
leng4, leng4-2, leng4-1 - vernacular (small remaining quantity).

(Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: len³ / liang³ / liang^3*
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /len²²/, /liaŋ²²/, /liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/

Note:

len3 - literary;
liang3, liang3* - vernacular (small remaining quantity).

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lin⁴ / liang⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/, /liaŋ³⁵/

Note:

lin4 - literary;
liang4 - vernacular.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: làng
  - Hakka Romanization System: lang^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lang²
  - Sinological IPA: /laŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lang²
  - Sinological IPA: /laŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ling¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
  - Tâi-lô: lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Changtai): /leŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân
  - Tâi-lô: lân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, Taipei): /lan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³/

Note:

lêng - literary;
lân - vernacular (“fragmentary”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: lêng⁵ / lang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng / lâng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵/, /laŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

lêng5 - literary;
lang5 - vernacular (“fragmentary”).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶lin
  - MiniDict: lin^去さ
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lin²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²lin
  - MiniDict: lin^平ひらた
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /lin²²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin¹³/

Middle Chinese: leng, lengH

Rime
Character	零れい	零れい
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲こえ)	來き (37)	來き (37)
Final (韻いん)	青あお (125)	青あお (125)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	IV	IV
Fanqie	郎ろう丁ちょう切きり	郎ろう定じょう切きり
Baxter	leng	lengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/	/leŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/	/leŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/	/lɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/	/lɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/leŋ/	/leŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/	/lieŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieŋ/	/lieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	lìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling⁴	ling⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/, /*reːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	零れい
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ leng ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁiŋ/
English	fall (v., of rain)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	零れい	零れい
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	8305	8331
Phonetic component	令れい	令れい
Rime group	耕こう	耕こう
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈れい	零れい
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/	/*reːŋs/

Definitions

零れい

fragmentary; scattered
零れい星ほし ― língxīng ― fragmentary
fraction; remainder
zero [from 1248]
Alternative form: 〇

Coordinate terms: 正數せいすう／正数せいすう (zhèngshù), 負數ふすう／负数 (fùshù)

Hypernyms: 實數じっすう／实数 (shíshù), 有理數ゆうりすう／有理数ゆうりすう (yǒulǐshù), 整數せいすう／整数せいすう (zhěngshù)

一いち減げん一いち等とう於零れい。／一いち减一いち等とう于零れい。 ― Yī jiǎn yī děngyú líng. ― One minus one equals zero.

三さん點てん零れい五ご分ぶん／三さん点てん零れい五ご分ぶん ― sān diǎn líng wǔ fēn ― three oh five

七なな百ひゃく零れい三さん ― qī bǎi líng sān ― seven hundred and three

二に零れい零れい一いち年とし ― èrlínglíngyī nián ― year 2001

從したがえ零れい開始かいし／从零れい开始 ― cóng líng kāishǐ ― Start from scratch
(Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.
廿にじゅう零れい蚊か [Cantonese] ― jaa⁶ leng⁴ man¹ [Jyutping] ― twenty-something dollars

分ぶん零れい兩りょう分ぶん鐘かね／分ぶん零れい两分ぶん钟 [Cantonese] ― fan¹ leng⁴ loeng⁵ fan¹ zung¹ [Jyutping] ― one to two minutes

七なな十じゅう零れい [Cantonese] ― cat¹ sap⁶ leng^4-2 [Jyutping] ― seventy-something
(gay slang) bottom
Alternative form: 0
(obsolete) drizzle
(literary, of precipitation or tears) to fall
感激かんげき涕零れい ― gǎnjītìlíng ― grateful to tears
- 念ねん彼かれ共とも人ひと，涕零れい如雨あめ。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Niàn bǐ gòng rén, tì líng rú yǔ. [Pinyin]
  I think of those [at court] in their offices,
  And my tears flow down like rain.
- 今いま當とう遠とお離はなれ，臨表ひょう涕零れい，不ふ知ち所ところ言げん。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今いま当とう远离，临表ひょう涕零れい，不ふ知ち所ところ言げん。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 227, 諸しょ葛かずら亮あきら (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 前出ぜんしゅつ師表しひょう (Former Chu Shi Biao)
  Jīn dāng yuǎnlí, lín biǎo tì líng, bù zhī suǒ yán. [Pinyin]
  Now I must leave [for battle] far away. As I face this memorial, my tears fall, and I know not what I have said.
(of plants or flowers) to wither and fall
凋零れい ― diāolíng ― to wither and fall
(Cantonese, cant, in 之これ辰たつ代だい碼／之これ辰たつ代だい码) six
斗と零れい [Cantonese] ― dau² ling^4-2 [Jyutping] ― five-cent coin (literally, “[coin with mass of] 3 candareens and 6 cash”)
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 零れい (“zero”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		零れい, 洞ほら as a digit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	零れい
	Taiwan	零れい
	Harbin	零れい
	Malaysia	零れい
	Singapore	零れい
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	零れい
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	零れい
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	零れい
	Xi'an	零れい
	Xining	零れい
	Xuzhou	零れい
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	零れい
	Lanzhou	零れい
	Ürümqi	零れい
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	零れい
	Wuhan	零れい
	Guiyang	零れい
	Liuzhou	零れい
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	零れい
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	零れい
Cantonese	Guangzhou	零れい
	Hong Kong	零れい
	Macau	零れい
	Dongguan	零れい
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	零れい
	Singapore (Guangfu)	零れい
Gan	Lichuan	零れい
Gan	Pingxiang	零れい
Hakka	Meixian	零れい
	Yudu	零れい
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	零れい
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	零れい
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	零れい
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	零れい
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	零れい
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	零れい
Huizhou	Jixi	零れい
Jin	Taiyuan	零れい
Jin	Xinzhou	零れい
Northern Min	Jian'ou	零れい
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	零れい, 環たまき
Southern Min	Xiamen	空そら, 零れい
	Quanzhou	空そら
	Zhangzhou	空そら
	Taipei	空そら
	Kaohsiung	空そら
	Tainan	空そら
	Penang (Hokkien)	空そら
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空そら
	Manila (Hokkien)	空そら
	Chaozhou	空そら
	Shantou	空そら
	Singapore (Teochew)	空そら
	Batam (Teochew)	空そら
	Leizhou	零れい
	Wenchang	空そら, 零れい
	Haikou	空そら, 零れい
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	零れい
Wu	Shanghai	零れい
	Shanghai (Chongming)	零れい
	Suzhou	零れい
	Hangzhou	零れい
	Ningbo	零れい
	Wenzhou	零れい
	Jinhua	零れい

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (零れい):

→ Japanese: 零れい(れい) (rei)
→ Korean: 령(零れい) (ryeong)
→ Vietnamese: linh (零れい)

Others:

→ Bouyei: lingz
→ Lü: ᦟᦲᧃᧉ (liin²)
→ Zhuang: lingz

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lián (lian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lián
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lián
  - Wade–Giles: lien²
  - Yale: lyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
  - Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lin⁴
  - Yale: lìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹/

Middle Chinese: len

Rime
Character	零れい
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲こえ)	來き (37)
Final (韻いん)	先さき (85)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	IV
Fanqie	落賢けん切きり
Baxter	len
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/
Pan Wuyun	/len/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/
Li Rong	/len/
Wang Li	/lien/
Bernard Karlgren	/lien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*riːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	零れい
Reading #	1/3
No.	8273
Phonetic component	令れい
Rime group	眞しん
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	蓮はちす
Old Chinese	/*riːŋ/

Definitions

零れい

Only used in 先さき零れい／先さき零れい and 西にし零れい／西にし零れい (Xīlián).

References

“零れい”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

**Japanese cardinal numbers**
	0	1 >
Cardinal : 零れい

Kanji

零れい

(Jōyō kanji)

spill
zero

Readings

From Middle Chinese 零れい (MC leng); compare Mandarin 零れい (líng):

Go-on: りょう (ryō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}
Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 零れい (MC len); compare Mandarin 零れい (lián):

Go-on: れん (ren)
Kan-on: れん (ren)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: あゆ (ayu, 零れいゆ); あえる (aeru, 零れいえる); あえす (aesu, 零れいえす); あやす (ayasu, 零れいやす); おちる (ochiru, 零れいちる); こぼす (kobosu, 零こぼす); こぼる (koboru, 零れいる); こぼれる (koboreru, 零こぼれる); しずく (shizuku, 零れい)^{←しづく (siduku, 零れい, historical)}; ゼロ (zero, 零れい)

Compounds

零れい(れい)雨あめ(う) (reiu)
零れい(れい)下した(か) (reika): sub-zero
零れい(れい)砕(さい) (reisai)
零れい(れい)細ほそ(さい) (reisai)
零れい(れい)散ち(さん) (reisan)
零れい(れい)星ほし(せい) (reisei)
零れい(れい)戦せん(せん) (Reisen)
零れい(れい)楮こうぞ(ちょ) (reicho)
零れい(れい)凋(ちょう) (reichō)
零れい(れい)丁ちょう(てい) (reitei) (令れい(れい)丁ちょう(てい))
零れい(れい)点てん(てん) (reiten)
零れい(れい)度ど(ど) (reido)
零れい(れい)敗はい(はい) (reihai)
零れい(れい)廃はい(はい) (reihai)
零れい(れい)買かい(ばい) (reibai)
零れい(れい)売うれ(ばい) (reibai)
零れい(れい)封ふう(ふう) (reifū)
零れい(れい)墨すみ(ぼく) (reiboku)
零れい(れい)本ほん(ほん) (reihon)
零れい(れい)余よ(よ) (reiyo)
零れい(れい)落(らく) (reiraku)
零れい(れい)乱らん(らん) (reiran)
零れい(れい)涙なみだ(るい) (reirui)
零れい(れい)露ろ(ろ) (reiro)
零れい(ゼロ)戦せん(せん) (Zerosen)
零れい(ゼロ)和わ(わ) (zerowa): zero-sum
先さき(せん)零れい(れん) (Senren)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
零れい
れい Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 零れい (MC leng) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye as a placeholder, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三さん百ひゃく零れい二に (èr), literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零れい character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens.^[1] It would thus implicitly take on the meaning of zero.