じゅう

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: [U+3038 HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN], [U+31BA BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY], and 𬂛 [U+2C09B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2C09B]
じゅう U+5341, 十
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341

[U+5340]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5342]
U+2F17, ⼗
KANGXI RADICAL TEN

[U+2F16]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F18]
U+3229, ㈩
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TEN

[U+3228]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+322A]
U+3289, ㊉
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH TEN

[U+3288]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+328A]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]

じゅう (Kangxi radical 24, じゅう+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input じゅう (J), four-corner 40000, composition いち)

  1. Kangxi radical #24, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №54

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5341

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
じゅう
alternative forms ひろえ financial

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character じゅう
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Unlike いち, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, じゅう was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms いち was added, forming a cross.

Possibly a pictogram (象形しょうけい) for a needle, later written as はり (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for じゅう (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gip.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: sī - used for "ten" in 20 to 99.
Note:
  • cha̍p - vernacular;
  • si̍p/se̍p - literary.
Note:
  • zab8 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • zag8 - Chenghai.
Note:

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location じゅう
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /səp̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃïp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐp̚²/
Nanning /sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sip̚⁵/
/t͡sap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si⁵⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sap̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tap̚³/
/tɔp̚³/

Rime
Character じゅう
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) つね (25)
Final (いん) (141)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie これきり
Baxter dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑip̚/
Li
Rong
/ʑiəp̚/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sap6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character じゅう
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyip ›
Old
Chinese
/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English ten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character じゅう
Reading # 1/1
No. 11452
Phonetic
component
じゅう
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
じゅう
Old
Chinese
/*ɡjub/

Definitions

[edit]

じゅう

  1. ten
  2. (figurative) topmost; utmost
    じゅうぶん  ―  shífēn  ―  very
    じゅうちょんじゅうよし  ―  shíquánshíměi  ―  perfect

See also

[edit]
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(しょううつししょううつし)
, れい, そら いち, しょく , りょう さん よん ろく なな はち きゅう じゅう ひゃく せん まんまん,
じゅうせん (Malaysia, Singapore)
ひゃくまんひゃくまん,
おけ(Philippines),
めんおけ (Philippines)
おく亿 ちょう (Taiwan)
まんおくまん亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(だいうつしだいうつし)
れい いち まいり りく ひろえ

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (じゅう):

Others:

Japanese

[edit]
Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : じゅう

Kanji

[edit]
じゅう

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
じゅう
じゅう
Grade: 1
goon
Alternative spelling
ひろえ (financial)
Kanji in this term
じゅう
じっ
Grade: 1
kan'yōon

/ʑipʉ//ʑiɸu//ʑɨu//ʑuː//ʑiʔ//ʑi~̚/

From Middle Chinese じゅう (MC dzyip).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Tokyo) じゅ [júꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑɨː]
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

[edit]

じゅう(じゅう) (じふ (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]
Idioms
[edit]
Proverbs
[edit]

Noun

[edit]

じゅう(じゅう) (じふ (zifu)?

  1. a ten-year-old

Affix

[edit]

じゅう(じゅう) or じゅう(じっ) ( or ji'じふ (zifu)?

  1. ten, 10
  2. tenth
  3. tenfold
  4. all, completely, perfect
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
じゅう
とお
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨to2wo⟩ → */təwo//towo//toː/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwə.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

じゅう(とお) (とを (towo)?

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]
Idioms
[edit]
Proverbs
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
じゅう

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Shift from above.[2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

じゅう() (to

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
じゅう

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨so1 → */sʷo//so/

From Old Japanese.

Used in compounds.

Affix

[edit]

じゅう() (so

  1. multiplied by ten: tenfold
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 5

[edit]
Kanji in this term
じゅう
しい
Grade: 1
irregular

From Mandarin じゅう (shí).[3]

Numeral

[edit]

じゅう(シー) (shī

  1. ten, 10
Derived terms
[edit]

Coordinate terms

[edit]
Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular れい(れい) (rei)
れい(ゼロ) (zero)
いち(いち) (ichi) () (ni) さん(さん) (san) よん(よん) (yon)
よん() (shi)
() (go) ろく(ろく) (roku) なな(なな) (nana)
なな(しち) (shichi)
はち(はち) (hachi) きゅう(きゅう) (kyū)
きゅう() (ku)
じゅう(じゅう) ()
Formal いち(いち) (ichi) () (ni) まいり(さん) (san) ひろえ(じゅう) ()
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular きゅう(きゅう)じゅう(じゅう) (kyūjū) ひゃく(ひゃく) (hyaku)
いち(いっ)ひゃく(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)
さん(さん)ひゃく(びゃく) (sanbyaku) ろく(ろっ)ひゃく(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) はち(はっ)ひゃく(ぴゃく) (happyaku) せん(せん) (sen)
いち(いっ)せん(せん) (issen)
さん(さん)せん(ぜん) (sanzen) はち(はっ)せん(せん) (hassen) いち(いち)まん(まん) (ichiman) いち(いち)おく(おく) (ichioku)
Formal いち(いち)まん(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
いち(いっ)ちょう(ちょう) (itchō) はち(はっ)ちょう(ちょう) (hatchō) じゅう(じゅっ)ちょう(ちょう) (jutchō) いち(いっ)きょう(けい) (ikkei) ろく(ろっ)きょう(けい) (rokkei) はち(はっ)きょう(けい) (hakkei) じゅう(じゅっ)きょう(けい) (jukkei) ひゃく(ひゃっ)きょう(けい) (hyakkei)

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ じゅう”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくごだい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. ^ じゅう”, in デジタル大辞泉だいじせん [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean

[edit]
Korean numbers (edit)
100
 ←  1  ←  9 10 11  →  20  → 
1
    Native isol.: (yeol)
    Native attr.: (yeol)
    Sino-Korean: (sip)
    Hanja: じゅう
    Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae)

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese じゅう (MC dzyip).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 씹〮 (Yale: ssíp)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 열〮 (Yale: yél) 십〮 (Yale: síp)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

じゅう (eumhun (yeol sip))

  1. hanja form? of (ten)
  2. hanja form? of (whole; complete; perfect)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [4]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

じゅう: Hán Việt readings: thập (まこと(thực)いれ(nhập)きり(thiết))[1][2][3]
じゅう: Nôm readings: thập[1][2][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of thập (ten).

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]