直じき

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See also: 真しん

直じき U+76F4, 直
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76F4
← 盳
[U+76F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盵 →
[U+76F5]

直 U+FAA8, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAA8
← 盛
[U+FAA7] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 睊 →
[U+FAA9]
直 U+2F940, 直
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F940
← 䀈
[U+2F93F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𥃳 →
[U+2F941]

Translingual

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Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)
Stroke order (Japan)
8 strokes

Alternative forms

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Note the different forms, which differ in two respects: both Simplified and Traditional do not have a left vertical stroke, while the orthodox form does; and in simplified form, the top component is connected with the bottom, while in the orthodox they are separated – this last difference is shared with unrelated characters 真しん and 具ぐ. The older form and stroke order are officially used in Japan and South Korea but an alternative writing in other countries.

Han character

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Traditional 直じき
Simplified 直じき
Japanese 直じき
Korean 直じき

直じき (Kangxi radical 109, 目め+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十じゅう月がつ一いち一いち (JBMM), four-corner 40716, composition ⿱十じゅう⿴𠀃三さん(GH) or ⿱𠂇⿴𠀃三さん(TV) or ⿱𠂇⿺𠃊目め(JK))

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 800, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23136
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1215, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 61, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+76F4

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 直じき
2nd round simp. 𰅰
alternative forms 直じき old
⿱十じゅう且 1981

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 直じき
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (直じき) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
置おけ *tɯɡs
值 *dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植うえ *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴はに *tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪 *tɯːɡ
德とく *tɯːɡ
稙 *tɯɡ
淔 *tʰɯɡ
直じき *dɯɡ
犆 *dɯɡ
殖ふえ *djɯɡ

Oracle bone script: Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 目め (“eye”) + 丨 (“vertical stroke”) – vertical stroke above the eye; looking straight ahead.

The line on the side appears in bronze script and subsequently stretched under the 目め shape, while the traditional form appears in seal script.

Etymology

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"simply; only"
According to Schuessler (2007), cognate with 特とく (OC *dɯːɡ, “single”). Also compare Darmiya taku (“one”).
"straight; right"
According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tjak/ŋ ~ tik/ŋ (“good; very; real; straight”), which also includes 正ただし (OC *tjeŋ, “first (lunar month)”), 正ただし (OC *tjeŋs, “straight; correct”), 政せい (OC *tjeŋs, “government; rule”) and 實み (OC *ɦliɡ, “solid; true”). Cognates include Tibetan ཏིག་ཏིག (tig tig, “certainly”), Mizo dik (“correct”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *N-d(y)ak (“truly; very; intensitive”), whence Burmese တက်တက် (taktak, “very, completely”) and Burmese တျက်တျက် (tyaktyak, “almost, quite”). An allofam is probably 德とく (OC *tɯːɡ, “virtue”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“heterosexual”
Semantic loan from English straight.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • ti̍t - vernacular (“straight; straightforward; simple and frank; constantly; settled; a simple kind of board game”);
    • tia̍k/te̍k - literary.
Note:
  • dig8 - Chaozhou and Shantou;
  • dêg8 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 直じき
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
Taoyuan /tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sek̚²/
Nanning /t͡sek̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sɐk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tik̚⁵/
/tit̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tik̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdit̚³/
/t͡sek̚⁵/
Rime
Character 直じき
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 澄きよし (11)
Final (韻いん) 職しょく (134)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 除じょ力ちから切きり
Baxter drik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ȡiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 直じき
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ drik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-t<r>ək/
English straight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 直じき
Reading # 1/1
No. 17269
Phonetic
component 		直じき
Rime
group 		職しょく
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		直じき
Old
Chinese 		/*dɯɡ/
Notes 金きむ文ぶん象ぞう目め測はか枉材ざい以取と直じき而會かい意い

Definitions

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直じき

  1. straight; linear; undeviating
    Antonyms: 彎／弯 (wān), 彎曲わんきょく／弯曲 (wānqū), 攣／挛 (Cantonese)
    直じき線せん／直じき线  ―  zhíxiàn  ―  straight line
  2. to straighten
    他た直じき起おこり腰こし來き，手て背せ在ざい後こう面めん。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た直じき起おこり腰こし来き，手て背せ在ざい后きさき面めん。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zhí qǐ yāo lái, shǒu bèi zài hòumiàn. [Pinyin]
    He straightened up, hands on his back.
  3. vertical; upright; erect; perpendicular
    這個こ大堂うふどう直じき裡うら有ゆう八はち米べい，橫よこ裡うら有ゆう十じゅう米べい。 [MSC, trad.]
    这个大堂うふどう直じき里さと有ゆう八はち米べい，横よこ里さと有ゆう十じゅう米べい。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge dàtáng zhí lǐ yǒu bā mǐ, héng lǐ yǒu shí mǐ. [Pinyin]
    This hall is 8 meters in length and 10 meters in width.
  4. honest; fair; just; upright
    正ただし直じき  ―  zhèngzhí  ―  upright
  5. straightforward; forthright; frank
    直じき說せつ／直じき说  ―  zhíshuō  ―  to speak directly
  6. directly; straight
    直じき去さ  ―  zhí qù  ―  to go directly to
  7. stiff; numb
    今こん天てん太ふとし冷ひや了りょう，雙手そうしゅ凍こお直じき了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    今こん天てん太ふとし冷ひや了りょう，双手そうしゅ冻直じき了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīntiān tài lěng le, shuāngshǒu dòng zhí le. [Pinyin]
    Today's so cold, my two hands are frozen numb.
  8. constantly; continuously
    他た氣き得とく直じき哆嗦。／他た气得とく直じき哆嗦。  ―  Tā qì de zhí duōsuō.  ―  He continuously trembled with rage.
    直じき直じき [Hokkien]  ―  ti̍t-ti̍t [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  continuously
  9. simply; just; only
    Synonym: 只ただ
    簡直じき／简直じき  ―  jiǎnzhí  ―  simply; utterly
    他た渾身こんしん痛いた得とく直じき像ぞう被ひ人ひと揍了りょう一いち頓ひたすら。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た浑身痛いた得とく直じき像ぞう被ひ人ひと揍了りょう一いち顿。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā húnshēn tòng dé zhí xiàng bèi rén zòu le yī dùn. [Pinyin]
    His whole body hurt just like he's taken a beating.
  10. (Hokkien) simple and frank; without scruples or misgivings (in one's temperament, speech, or actions)
  11. (Hokkien) settled; clear; brought to an end
    你這條じょう數かず猶なお未み直じき。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    你这条じょう数かず犹未直じき。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Lí chit tiâu siàu iáu-bē ti̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    This account of yours hasn't been settled yet.
  12. (Mainland China Hokkien) a simple kind of board game similar to Go
  13. (Chinese calligraphy) vertical stroke in Chinese characters
  14. (slang) straight; heterosexual
    Antonyms: 彎／弯 (wān), 攣／挛 (Cantonese)
    順じゅん直じき／顺直じき  ―  shùnzhí  ―  cishet
  15. (historical) Short for 直ちょく隸／直ちょく隶 (Zhílì, “Zhili”).
    直じき系けい軍閥ぐんばつ／直じき系けい军阀  ―  Zhí xì jūnfá  ―  the Zhili faction (of the Beiyang warlords)
    直じき皖戰爭せんそう／直じき皖战争  ―  Zhí Wǎn zhànzhēng  ―  Zhili–Anhui War
  16. † Alternative form of 值 (“to be worth”)
  17. (Cantonese, slang, figurative) dead
  18. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 豎 (“vertical; upright”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 豎
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 豎
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 豎
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 豎, 順じゅん, 立だて
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 豎, 立だて
Wuhan 豎, 直じき
Guiyang 豎, 直じき
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 豎
Hefei 豎
Cantonese Guangzhou 掂, 戙
Hong Kong 直じき, 掂, 戙
Yangjiang 掂, 直じき
Gan Nanchang 敦あつし, 直じき
Hakka Meixian 直じき
Jin Taiyuan 豎
Northern Min Jian'ou 直じき
Eastern Min Fuzhou 直じき, 徛
Southern Min Xiamen 徛
Chaozhou 徛, 直じき
Wu Suzhou 直じき, 豎
Wenzhou 豎
Xiang Changsha 敦あつし, 直じき
Shuangfeng 敦あつし, 直じき
Dialectal synonyms of 豎 (“a vertical stroke (㇑)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 豎
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 豎
Taiwan 豎
Chengde 豎兒
Chifeng 豎
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 豎
Heihe 豎兒, 直じき
Qiqihar 豎兒
Harbin 豎兒
Jiamusi 豎兒
Baicheng 豎
Changchun 豎兒
Tonghua 豎兒
Shenyang 豎
Jinzhou 豎兒, 豎, 直じき
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 豎兒
Tangshan 豎, 直じき
Cangzhou 豎
Baoding 豎兒
Shijiazhuang 豎
Lijin 豎
Jinan 豎
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 豎兒
Dandong 豎
Yantai 豎兒
Qingdao 豎兒
Zhucheng 豎
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 豎
Jining 豎
Linfen 豎
Shangqiu 豎
Yuanyang 直道なおみち兒じ
Zhengzhou 豎
Xinyang 豎, 直じき
Baihe 豎, 直じき
Xi'an 豎, 直じき
Baoji 豎
Tianshui 豎
Xining 豎, 直じき
Xuzhou 豎兒
Fuyang 豎, 直じき
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 豎, 直じき
Lanzhou 豎, 直じき
Dunhuang 豎
Hami 豎
Ürümqi 豎, 直じき
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 豎, 直じき
Dazhou 豎
Hanyuan 豎
Xichang 豎
Zigong 豎
Chongqing 筆ふで
Wuhan 豎, 直じき
Yichang 豎, 直じき
Xiangyang 豎, 直じき
Tianmen 豎, 直じき
Guiyang 豎, 直じき
Zunyi 豎
Bijie 豎
Liping 豎
Zhaotong 直じき
Dali 直じき
Kunming 豎, 直じき
Mengzi 豎
Guilin 直じき
Liuzhou 豎, 直じき
Jishou 豎
Changde 直じき
Hanzhong 豎, 直じき
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 豎, 直じき
Yangzhou 豎, 直じき
Lianyungang 豎
Lianshui 豎
Nantong 豎, 直じき
Anqing 直じき
Wuhu 豎, 直じき
Hefei 豎, 直じき
Hong'an 豎
Cantonese Guangzhou 戙
Hong Kong 戙
Gan Lichuan 直じき
Pingxiang 直じき
Hakka Yudu 直じき
Huizhou Shexian 豎
Jin Taiyuan 豎
Yangyuan 豎
Datong 豎
Xinzhou 豎
Lüliang (Lishi) 豎
Changzhi 豎
Linhe 豎
Jining 豎, 直じき
Hohhot 豎
Erenhot 豎
Pingshan 豎
Zhangjiakou 豎
Handan 豎, 直じき
Linzhou 豎
Suide 豎, 直じき
Eastern Min Fuzhou 直じき
Fuqing 直じき, 豎
Southern Min Xiamen 徛
Zhangzhou 徛
Wu Ningbo 直じき
Xiang Loudi 直じき

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Old Turkic: tik (vertical, straight, straightforward)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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直じき

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. straight

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
直じき
じき
Grade: 2
on'yomi

Adjective

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直じき(じき) • (jiki) ←ぢき (diki)?-na (adnominal 直じき(じき)な (jiki na), adverbial 直じき(じき)に (jiki ni))

  1. soon, shortly
  2. nearby, close

Inflection

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Inflection of 直じき
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然みぜん形がた) 直じきだろ じきだろ jiki daro
Continuative (連用形れんようけい) 直じきで じきで jiki de
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた) 直じきだ じきだ jiki da
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた) 直じきな じきな jiki na
Hypothetical (仮定かてい形がた) 直じきなら じきなら jiki nara
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた) 直じきであれ じきであれ jiki de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 直じきではない
直じきじゃない 		じきではない
じきじゃない 		jiki de wa nai
jiki ja nai
Informal past 直じきだった じきだった jiki datta
Informal negative past 直じきではなかった
直じきじゃなかった 		じきではなかった
じきじゃなかった 		jiki de wa nakatta
jiki ja nakatta
Formal 直じきです じきです jiki desu
Formal negative 直じきではありません
直じきじゃありません 		じきではありません
じきじゃありません 		jiki de wa arimasen
jiki ja arimasen
Formal past 直じきでした じきでした jiki deshita
Formal negative past 直じきではありませんでした
直じきじゃありませんでした 		じきではありませんでした
じきじゃありませんでした 		jiki de wa arimasen deshita
jiki ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 直じきで じきで jiki de
Conditional 直じきなら（ば） じきなら（ば） jiki nara (ba)
Provisional 直じきだったら じきだったら jiki dattara
Volitional 直じきだろう じきだろう jiki darō
Adverbial 直じかに じきに jiki ni
Degree 直なおさ じきさ jikisa

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
直じき
じか
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Sound change from jiki.[1]

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Prefix

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直じき(じか) • (jika-) 

  1. directly
    Synonym: 直接ちょくせつ (chokusetsu)
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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 直じき – see the following entry.
【なお】
[adjective] common, ordinary, straight
[adverb] normally, usually
(This term, 直じき, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
直じき
ちょく
Grade: 2
kan'on

Adjective

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直じき(ちょく) • (choku) †-tari (adnominal 直じき(ちょく)とした (choku to shita) or 直じき(ちょく)たる (choku taru), adverbial 直じき(ちょく)と (choku to) or 直じき(ちょく)として (choku to shite))

  1. direct, straight, frank

Adjective

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直じき(ちょく) • (choku) -na (adnominal 直じき(ちょく)な (choku na), adverbial 直じき(ちょく)に (choku ni))

  1. sincere, straightforward, proper, frank
  2. simple, not extravagant, not expensive, less formal
    Synonyms: 安直あんちょく (anchoku), 手軽てがる (tegaru), 安価あんか (anka)

Verb

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直じき(ちょく)する • (choku suru) suru (stem 直じき(ちょく)し (choku shi), past 直じき(ちょく)した (choku shita))

  1. to do one's duty, be on duty
Conjugation
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Conjugation of "直じきする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 直なおし ちょくし choku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 直なおし ちょくし choku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 直じきする ちょくする choku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 直じきする ちょくする choku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 直ちょくすれ ちょくすれ choku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 直なおせよ¹
直なおしろ² 		ちょくせよ¹
ちょくしろ² 		choku seyo¹
choku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 直なおされる ちょくされる choku sareru
Causative 直なおさせる
直なおさす 		ちょくさせる
ちょくさす 		choku saseru
choku sasu
Potential 直じきできる ちょくできる choku dekiru
Volitional 直なおしよう ちょくしよう choku shiyō
Negative 直なおしない ちょくしない choku shinai
Negative continuative 直なおせず ちょくせず choku sezu
Formal 直なおします ちょくします choku shimasu
Perfective 直なおした ちょくした choku shita
Conjunctive 直なおして ちょくして choku shite
Hypothetical conditional 直じきすれば ちょくすれば choku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉だいじせん [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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直じき (eumhun 곧을 직 (godeul jik))

  1. hanja form? of 직 (“straight”)

Miyako

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Kanji

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直じき

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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直じき: Hán Nôm readings: trực

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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直じき

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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直じき

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

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