米べい

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 釆
米べい U+7C73, 米
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C73
← 籲
[U+7C72] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 籴 →
[U+7C74]
⽶ U+2F76, ⽶
KANGXI RADICAL RICE
← ⽵
[U+2F75] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽷ →
[U+2F77]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 119 米べい

米べい (Kangxi radical 119, 米べい+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 火ひ木き (FD), four-corner 90904, composition ⿻丷木き(GHJKV) or ⿻十じゅう⿱丷八はち(T) or ⿻丷⿻十じゅう八はち(T))

  1. Kangxi radical #119, ⽶.

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 906, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26832
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1331, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3141, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7C73

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 米べい
simp. # 米べい
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 米べい
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (米べい) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謎なぞ *miː, *miːs
迷 *miː
米べい *miːʔ
眯 *miːʔ
洣 *miːʔ
蔝 *miːʔ
麊 *me
冞 *me
糜 *mral
敉 *meʔ
侎 *meʔ
麋おうしか *mril
蘪 *mril
攗 *mril

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – rice kernels.

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (“rice; paddy”). Cognate with Garo mi (“rice”), Atong (India) mai (“rice”), Jingpho ma (“rice; paddy”), Rabha মাই (mai), Dimasa mai.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 米べい
Mandarin Beijing /mi²¹⁴/
Harbin /mi²¹³/
Tianjin /mi¹³/
Jinan /mi⁵⁵/
Qingdao /mi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /mi⁵³/
Xi'an /mi⁵³/
Xining /mji⁵³/
Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
Lanzhou /mi⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /mi⁵¹/
Wuhan /mi⁴²/
Chengdu /mi⁵³/
Guiyang /mi⁴²/
Kunming /mi⁵³/
Nanjing /mi²¹²/
Hefei /mz̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /mi⁵³/
Pingyao /mi⁵³/
Hohhot /mi⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /mi²³/
Suzhou /mi³¹/
Hangzhou /mi⁵³/
Wenzhou /mei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /mi³⁵/
Tunxi /me²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /mi⁴¹/
Xiangtan /mi⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /mi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /mi³¹/
Taoyuan /mi³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɐi²³/
Nanning /mei²⁴/
Hong Kong /mɐi¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bi⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /mi³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mi²¹/ 量りょう
/mi⁴²/ 名な
Shantou (Teochew) /bi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vi²¹³/
Rime
Character 米べい
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 明あきら (4)
Final (韻いん) 齊ひとし (39)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) IV
Fanqie 莫禮れい切きり
Baxter mejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/meiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/meiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/meiX/
Wang
Li 		/mieiX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mai5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 米べい
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*(C.)mˁ[e]jʔ/
English millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 米べい
Reading # 1/1
No. 9003
Phonetic
component 		米べい
Rime
group 		脂あぶら
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		米べい
Old
Chinese 		/*miːʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

米べい

  1. hulled or husked uncooked rice (Classifier: 粒つぶ m c mn; 顆／颗 m)
  2. husked seed
  3. grain-like things
  4. (chiefly Cantonese) Short for 米べい粉こ (mǐfěn, “rice vermicelli”).
    星ほし洲しゅう炒い米べい  ―  Xīngzhōu chǎomǐ  ―  Singapore-style noodles
    雪ゆき菜さい火ひ鴨かも絲いと炆米べい [Cantonese, trad.]
    雪ゆき菜さい火ひ鸭丝炆米べい [Cantonese, simp.]
    syut3 coi3 fo2 aap3 si1 man1 mai5 [Jyutping]
    braised rice vermicelli with pickled mustard and shredded roast duck
  5. (Cantonese, Shanghainese, slang) money
    有ゆう米べい [Cantonese]  ―  jau5 mai5 [Jyutping]  ―  rich
    背せ米べい [Shanghainese]  ―  5pe 6mi [Wugniu]  ―  to earn money
  6. (Shanghainese, slang) ten thousand of a currency designation; ten grand (Classifier: 粒つぶ w)
  7. a surname
    米べい芾  ―  Mǐ Fú  ―  Mi Fu (Song artist)
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 大だい米べい (“husked uncooked rice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 米べい
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 稻いね米まい
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 白米はくまい, 大だい米べい, 米べい
Taiwan 米べい
Harbin 大だい米べい, 米べい
Malaysia 米べい
Singapore 米べい
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 大だい米べい
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 大だい米べい
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 大だい米べい
Wanrong 大だい米べい
Xi'an 白米はくまい
Xining 大だい米べい, 米べい
Xuzhou 大だい米べい, 米べい
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 稻いね米まい, 白米はくまい
Lanzhou 大だい米べい
Ürümqi 米べい
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 米べい, 大だい米べい, 飯米はんまい
Wuhan 米べい
Guiyang 米べい
Guilin 米べい
Liuzhou 米べい
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 米べい
Yangzhou 米べい
Hefei 米べい
Cantonese Guangzhou 米べい
Hong Kong 米べい
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 米べい
Dongguan 米べい
Yangjiang 米べい
Danzhou 米べい
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 米べい
Singapore (Guangfu) 米べい
Gan Nanchang 米べい
Lichuan 米べい
Pingxiang 米べい
Hakka Meixian 米べい
Yudu 米べい
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 米べい
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 米べい
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 米べい
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 米べい
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 米べい
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 米べい
Hong Kong 米べい
Senai (Huiyang) 米べい
Kuching (Hepo) 米べい
Huizhou Jixi 米べい
Shexian 米べい
Huangshan (Tunxi) 米べい
Jin Taiyuan 大だい米べい
Xinzhou 大だい米べい
Northern Min Jian'ou 米べい
Jian'ou (Dikou) 米べい
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 米べい
Pucheng (Shibei) 早はや米まい
Eastern Min Fuzhou 米べい
Southern Min Xiamen 米べい
Quanzhou 米べい
Zhangzhou 米べい
Singapore (Hokkien) 米べい
Manila (Hokkien) 米べい
Chaozhou 米べい
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 米べい
Singapore (Teochew) 米べい
Leizhou 米べい
Wenchang 米べい
Haikou 米べい
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 米べい
Wu Shanghai 米べい
Shanghai (Chongming) 米べい
Suzhou 米べい
Danyang 米べい
Hangzhou 米べい
Ningbo 米べい
Wenzhou 米べい
Jinhua 米べい
Xiang Changsha 米べい
Loudi 米べい
Shuangfeng 米べい

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Short for 米べい突 (mǐtū), from English metre.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

米べい

  1. metre
    米べい三さん [Teochew]  ―  bhi2 san1 [Peng'im]  ―  1.3 metres
    我わが有ゆう一いち米べい九きゅう高こう。  ―  Wǒ yǒu yī mǐ jiǔ gāo.  ―  I'm 1.9 metres tall.
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 米べい (“metre”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Taiwan 公おおやけ尺じゃく, 米べい
Chifeng 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Harbin 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Shenyang 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Tangshan 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Cangzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Baoding 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Shijiazhuang 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Jinan 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Jiaoliao Mandarin Qingdao 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Central Plains Mandarin Zhengzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Xi'an 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Xining 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Xuzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Lanzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Ürümqi 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Chongqing 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Wuhan 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Guiyang 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Kunming 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Guilin 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Liuzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Yangzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Nantong 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Hefei 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Cantonese Guangzhou 米べい
Hong Kong 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく, M
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Huizhou Shexian 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Jin Taiyuan 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Xinzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Linhe 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Jining 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Hohhot 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Zhangjiakou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Handan 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Southern Min Xiamen 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Quanzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Zhangzhou 米べい, 公おおやけ尺じゃく
Tainan 米べい
Wu Suzhou 米べい
Jinhua 米べい

Compounds

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

米べい

  1. Only used in 米べい魯／米べい鲁.

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
米べい

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. rice
  2. (ateji) meter
  3. (ateji) America
  4. (ateji) United States

Readings

[edit]
Compounds
[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
米べい
こめ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨ko2me2⟩ → */kəməj/ → /kome/

From Old Japanese. First appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 渠みぞ梅うめ.[1] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *kəmay.

Many theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

米べい(こめ) • (kome) 

  1. rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa), one of the five grains
    Hypernym: 五穀ごこく (gokoku)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs
[edit]
Proverbs
Coordinate terms
[edit]
See also
[edit]

Proper noun

[edit]

米べい(こめ) • (Kome) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
米べい
よね
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨yo2nai⟩ → */jənai/ → */jəne/ → /jone/

First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).

Possibly from Proto-Japonic *jənaC- (Vovin, 1998)[7] and related to 稲いね (ine, “rice plant”).

Unknown "-C-" consonantal segment, reconstructed by Vovin, seems unlikely considering [a ~ e] vowel alternation, seen in bound form yona- and free form yone:[8]

Compare 藍あい (awi → ai, “indigo”) from 青あお (awo → ao, “blue”) + い (i, emphatic nominative particle(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?))[9] against 白しろい /siroi/ from ⟨siro1ki1⟩.[10]

The colloquial sense is derived from the components of the 米べい kanji: 八はち (hachi, “eight”) + 十じゅう (jū, “ten”) + 八はち (hachi, “eight”).

Noun

[edit]

米べい(よね) • (yone) 

  1. the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa
    Synonym: 稲いね (ine)
  2. rice (husked grains of the Asian rice plant, Oryza sativa)
  3. (colloquial) an eighty-eight-year-old
    Synonym: 米寿べいじゅ (beiju)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun

[edit]

米べい(よね) • (Yone) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
米べい
めめ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Probably a shortened reduplication of kome (see above). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

First cited to a work from 1275.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

米べい(めめ) • (meme) 

  1. (colloquial) rice (husked grains of the rice plant)

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
米べい
めーとる
Grade: 2
(ateji)
kun'yomi

Borrowing from French mètre.[4]

The use of this kanji is attested in the Meiji period and is an example of ateji (当あて字じ), shortened from Mandarin 米べい突 (mǐtū), see Chinese section above.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

米べい(メートル) • (mētoru) 

  1. Rare spelling of メートル (mētoru): metre (SI unit of length)
  2. Rare spelling of メーター (mētā): meter (a device or implement used for measurement)
Coordinate terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Derived terms
See also
See also

Etymology 5

[edit]

Kanji in this term
米べい
べい
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 米べい (MC mejX).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

米べい(べい) • (bei) ←べい (bei)?

  1. rice
    米価べいか(べいか) (beika, “rice price”)
  2. Short for アメリカ合衆国あめりかがっしゅうこく／亜米利加あめりか合衆国がっしゅうこく (Amerika Gasshūkoku, “United States (a country)”).
    米国べいこく(べいこく) (Beikoku, “US”)
    日米にちべい関係かんけい(にちべいかんけい) (Nichi-Bei kankei, “Japan–United States relations”)
  3. Short for アメリカ／亜米利加あめりか (Amerika, “the Americas (a region)”).
    南米なんべい(なんべい) (Nanbei, “South America”)

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “米べい”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくご大だい辞典じてん [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Laurent Sagart (2011 December) “How Many Independent Rice Vocabularies in Asia?”, in Rice‎[2], volume 4, numbers 3-4, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 121–133
  3. ^ Martine Robbeets (2017 January 1) “Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese: A case of farming/language dispersal”, in Language Dynamics and Change‎[3], volume 7, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 210–251
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新しん明解めいかい国語こくご辞典じてん [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  6. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国ぜんこくアクセント辞典じてん (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
  7. ^ Whitman, John (2012). "Northeast Asian Linguistic Ecology and the Advent of Rice Agriculture in Korea and Japan, Rice, Volume 4, Issue 3–4, pp 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12284-011-9080-0
  8. ^ Salingre, Maëlys Apophonic toponyms in Japanese 2019
  9. ^ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
  10. ^ Hamano, S. "Voicing of Obstruents in Old Japanese: Evidence from the Sound-Symbolic Stratum." Journal of East Asian Linguistics (2000) 9. 3: 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008367619295

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 米べい (MC mejX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 몡〯 (Yale: myěy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[5] ᄡᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: psól) 미〯 (Yale: mǐ)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

米べい (eumhun 쌀 미 (ssal mi))

  1. hanja form? of 미 (“rice”) [affix]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [6]

Old Korean

[edit]

Suffix

[edit]

米べい (*-moy?)

  1. Apparently a verbal causative suffix; because, since

Reconstruction notes

[edit]
  • This form is attested commonly in the hyangga poems of the first millennium, but nowhere else.
  • In the twentieth century, this was conventionally compared to Modern Korean -으매 (-eumae, “because, since”), but this seems impossible given that the modern construction is a grammaticalization of elements not found in Old Korean, and is not attested in Middle Korean.
  • Some scholars believe it is a mere orthographic variant of 㢱 (*-mye, connective suffix).

Further reading

[edit]
  • 이용 (Yi-Yong) (1999) 연결 어미의 형성에 관한 연구 [yeon'gyeol eomiui hyeongseong'e gwanhan yeon'gu, Study of the formation of connective suffixes], Seoul City University (PhD), pages 144—146
  • 김지오 (Kim Ji-o) (2019) “고대국어 연결어미 연구의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeoreomi yeon'guui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The conditions and future tasks of analyzing connective endings in Old Korean]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, pages 55–87

Vietnamese

[edit]

Chữ Hán

[edit]

米べい: Hán Việt readings: mễ (莫(mạc)禮れい(lễ)切きり(thiết))[1][2]
米べい: Nôm readings: mễ[1][2][3][4], mè[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of mễ (“rice grains”).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Trần (2004).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  4. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=米べい&oldid=80611261"