粉
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26872
- Dae Jaweon: page 1332, character 33
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3143, character 7
- Unihan data for U+7C89
Chinese
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. # |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | |
---|---|
Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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*prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ | |
盼 | *pʰrɯːns |
頒 | *praːn, *bɯn |
朌 | *praːn, *bɯn |
鳻 | *praːn, *bɯn |
份 | *prɯn, *bɯns |
汃 | *pʰreːd, *prɯn |
玢 | *prɯn |
邠 | *prɯn |
攽 | *prɯn |
砏 | *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn |
*brɯn | |
湓 | *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns |
*bɯːn | |
葐 | *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn |
坌 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
坋 | *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns |
*pɯn, *bɯns | |
吩 | *pɯn |
*pɯnʔ | |
黺 | *pɯnʔ |
芬 | *pʰɯn |
*pʰɯn | |
衯 | *pʰɯn |
棻 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
氛 | *pʰɯn, *bɯn |
*pʰɯn | |
忿 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ |
魵 | *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
汾 | *bɯn |
羒 | *bɯn |
枌 | *bɯn |
棼 | *bɯn |
妢 | *bɯn |
梤 | *bɯn |
馚 | *bɯn |
鼢 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
蚡 | *bɯn, *bɯnʔ |
弅 | *bɯnʔ |
秎 | *bɯns |
Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology 1
[edit]The earliest sense is believed to be "face powder". The term is then used for the color of this powder, "white", and later also the color of a face with this cosmetic, "pink". In early modern Chinese, the ancient "face powder" sense is partly reinforced by
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fen3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фын (fɨn, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fiin3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): feng2
- Northern Min (KCR): hǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hūng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5fen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fěn
- Wade–Giles: fên3
- Yale: fěn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feen
- Palladius: фэнь (fɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fən²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fen3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fen
- Sinological IPA (key): /fən⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фын (fɨn, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fəŋ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fan2
- Yale: fán
- Cantonese Pinyin: fan2
- Guangdong Romanization: fen2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fun2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fun⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fiin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɨn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fún
- Hakka Romanization System: fun`
- Hagfa Pinyim: fun3
- Sinological IPA: /fun³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: feng2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fə̃ŋ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hūng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: fen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɸən⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: pjunX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə.pənʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯnʔ/
Definitions
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]粉 (fěn) and 麵/面 (miàn):- As cereal food, generally
粉 is something made from rice while 麵 is from wheat. But this is not a strict distinction. The two characters are usually not interchangeable when referring to a specific kind of noodles.
- As cereal food, generally
Synonyms
[edit]- (powder):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | ||
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 麵兒 |
Singapore | ||
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 麵兒 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 麵麵 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 麵麵, 麵子, |
Wuhan | ||
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | |
Hefei | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
Hong Kong | ||
Yangjiang | ||
Singapore (Guangfu) | ||
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 麵麵 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | ||
Manila (Hokkien) | ||
Chaozhou | ||
Singapore (Teochew) | ||
Wu | Shanghai | |
Suzhou | ||
Wenzhou | ||
Xiang | Changsha | |
Shuangfeng |
- (flour):
- (heroin):
- (pink):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | ||
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | ||
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | ||
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | ||
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | ||
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | ||
Southern Min | Xiamen | |
Quanzhou | ||
Zhangzhou |
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Short for
Definitions
[edit]- fan; fanatic
- (Internet, neologism, slang) follower on a social media platform; subscriber
- (transitive) to be a fan of (a person, a group, etc.); to admire
Compounds
[edit]不 施 脂粉 中筋 麵粉/中筋 面 粉 (zhōngjīn miànfěn)丹 粉 乾 粉 /干 粉 - 互粉 (hùfěn)
代 乳 粉 低 筋 麵粉/低 筋 面 粉 (dījīn miànfěn)何 粉 何 郎 粉 保健 粉 筆 /保健 粉 笔傅 粉 傅 粉 何 郎 傅 粉 施 朱 傅 粉 郎 傳 粉 /传粉 (chuánfěn)光 粉 全 脂 奶粉八 一 通 粉 六朝 脂粉 六朝 金粉 冬 粉 (dōngfěn)動物 澱粉 /动物淀 粉 - 勻脂抹粉/匀脂抹粉
受粉 團 粉 /团粉土 粉 子 塗 粉 /涂粉 (thô͘-hún) (Min Nan)塗 脂 抹粉/涂脂抹粉- 墮休
粉 /堕休粉 太白 粉 (tàibáifěn)天花粉 (tiānhuāfěn)- 奶粉 (nǎifěn)
嬰兒 奶粉/婴儿奶粉官 粉 宮 粉 /宫粉小 粉 山 粉 圓 /山 粉 圆弄 粉 調 朱 /弄 粉 调朱打粉 底 - 抹粉
施 脂 - 授粉
排 門 粉 壁 /排 门粉壁 - 搽灰抹粉
- 搽粉
- 搓粉
團 朱 /搓粉团朱 - 搓粉摶朱/搓粉抟朱
- 搽脂抹粉
- 搏香
弄 粉 - 摶香
弄 粉 /抟香弄 粉 撲 粉 /扑粉 (pūfěn)撚 粉 擦 粉 塗 額 /擦 粉 涂额擦 脂 抹粉敷 粉 斷金 零 粉 /断金 零 粉 施 丹 傅 粉 施 朱 傅 粉 施 粉 朱 朱 粉粉 朱 粉 朱脣 粉 面 /朱唇 粉 面 朱 顏 粉 面 /朱 颜粉面 杏仁 粉 果 粉 (guǒfěn)松 粉 松 花粉 桂 粉 桃 腮粉臉/桃 腮粉脸桃 花粉 梅 粉 梨 花粉 - 楊妃
粉 /杨妃粉 - 榆粉
檀 粉 - 殭屍
粉 /僵尸粉 (jiāngshīfěn) 水 粉 (shuǐfěn)水 粉 漆 水 粉 畫 /水 粉 画 水銀 粉 /水 银粉- 汞粉
油 粉 油 頭 粉 面 /油 头粉面 洋 粉 (yángfěn)洗 衣 粉 (xǐyīfěn)海 粉 淡 粉 涼 粉 /凉粉 (liángfěn)滑石 粉 (huáshífěn)漂白 粉 (piǎobáifěn)- 漿粉/浆粉
漏 粉 滴 粉 搓酥澱粉 /淀 粉 (diànfěn)瀨 粉 /濑粉 (laai6 fan2) (Cantonese)灰 粉 灰 身 粉 骨 炒 米 粉 無 塵 粉 筆 /无尘粉 笔無 灰 粉 筆 /无灰粉 笔焙 粉 (bèifěn)煙 粉 /烟 粉 - 煅粉
煙 花 粉黛 /烟 花 粉黛 - 熒光
粉 /荧光粉 - 爽身
粉 (shuǎngshēnfěn) - 牆粉/墙粉
牙 粉 (yáfěn)- 牲粉
玄 明 粉 玉 粉 玻璃 粉 珠 兒 粉 /珠 儿粉珠 粉 - 瓊粉/琼粉
甘草 粉 異 花 傳 粉 /异花传粉畫 粉 /画 粉 - 痱子
粉 (fèizifěn) 發 粉 /发粉 (fāfěn)白土 粉 (báitǔfěn)白粉 (báifěn)白粉 病 (báifěnbìng)白粉 蝶 白粉 麵/白粉 面 白魚 粉 /白 鱼粉- 矽粉
病 - 硃粉/
朱 粉 碎身 粉 骨 - 碎骨
粉 尸 - 碎骨
粉 身 - 礬粉/矾粉
科 頭 細 粉 /科 头细粉 秦 氏 粉 竹 粉 節 粉 /节粉- 筠粉
- 籜粉/箨粉
米 粉 (mǐfěn)米 粉 肉 (mǐfěnròu)粉 侯 粉 刺 (fěncì)粉 刷 (fěnshuā)粉 合 麻 碎粉 吝 紅 慳/粉 吝 红悭粉 嘴 粉 圓 /粉 圆 (fěnyuán)粉 團 /粉 团粉 圖 /粉 图粉 團 兒 /粉 团儿粉 坊 (fěnfáng)粉 垣 粉 堞粉 堵 粉塵 /粉 尘 (fěnchén)粉 壁 (fěnbì)粉 妝樓/粉 妆楼粉 妝玉琢 /粉 妆玉琢 粉 妝玉砌 /粉 妆玉砌 (fěnzhuāngyùqì)粉 娥粉 嫩 (fěnnèn)粉 定 粉 巾 粉 席 粉 底 (fěndǐ)粉 彩 (fěncǎi)粉 態 /粉 态粉 戲 /粉 戏粉 房 (fěnfáng)粉 拂 粉 拍 粉 撲 /粉 扑粉 昆 粉本 粉末 (fěnmò)粉 板 粉 條 /粉 条 (fěntiáo)粉 條 子 /粉 条 子 (fěntiáozi)粉 楦粉 汗 粉 沸 粉 淚 /粉 泪 粉 淡 香 殘 /粉 淡 香 残 粉 渦 /粉 涡粉 湯 /粉 汤 (fěntāng)粉 湯 包子 /粉 汤包子 粉 澤 /粉 泽粉 蒸 粉 蒸 肉 (fěnzhēngròu)粉 父 粉 牆/粉 墙粉 牌 (fěnpái)粉 畫 /粉 画 粉白 粉 白墨 黑 粉白 黛 綠 /粉白 黛 绿粉白 黛 黑 粉 皮 (fěnpí)粉 省 粉 真 粉碎 (fěnsuì)粉 筆 /粉 笔 (fěnbǐ)粉 節 /粉 节粉 箋/粉 笺粉 籜/粉 箨粉 籤 子 /粉 签子粉米 粉 粧玉琢 /粉 妆玉琢 粉 紅 /粉 红 (fěnhóng)粉 紅色 /粉 红色 (fěnhóngsè)粉 紙 /粉 纸粉 絲 /粉 丝 (fěnsī)粉 絮粉 綿 /粉 绵粉 綠 /粉 绿粉 線 /粉 线粉 繢/粉 缋粉 繭 /粉 茧粉 繪 /粉 绘粉 署 粉 腸 /粉 肠 (fěncháng)粉 臉/粉 脸粉 色 (fěnsè)粉 艷 /粉 艳粉 花 粉 芡粉 荔粉 荔枝粉 藻 粉 蝶 (fěndié)粉 蝶 兒 /粉 蝶 儿粉 袍 粉 裝 玉 琢 /粉 装 玉 琢 (fěnzhuāngyùzhuó)粉 身 (fěnshēn)粉 身 灰 骨 粉 身 碎骨 (fěnshēn-suìgǔ)粉 邊 細 絲 /粉 边细丝粉 郎 粉 金 粉 閣 /粉 阁粉 闈/粉 闱粉 零 麻 碎粉 霞 粉 面 (fěnmiàn)粉 面 朱唇 粉 面 油 頭 /粉 面 油 头粉 面 硃脣/粉 面 朱唇 粉 頸/粉 颈粉 頭 /粉 头粉 頸酥胸 /粉 颈酥胸 粉 題 /粉 题粉食 粉飾 /粉 饰 (fěnshì)粉飾 太平 /粉 饰太平 (fěnshìtàipíng)粉 餌 /粉 饵粉 餅 /粉 饼 (fěnbǐng)粉 餈/粉 糍粉 骨 粉 骨 捐軀/粉 骨 捐躯粉骨碎身 (fěngǔsuìshēn)粉 骨 糜身粉 骨 糜軀/粉 骨 糜躯粉 骷髏/粉 骷髅粉 體 /粉 体 粉 鳥 /粉 鸟 (hún-chiáu) (Min Nan)粉 墨 (fěnmò)粉 墨 登場 /粉 墨 登 场 (fěnmòdēngchǎng)粉黛 (fěndài)粉 鼻 兒 /粉 鼻 儿粉 齏/粉 齑- 糜粉
紅粉 /红粉 (hóngfěn)紅粉 佳人 /红粉佳人 (hóngfěnjiārén)紅粉 知己 /红粉知己 紅粉 青樓 /红粉青楼 紅粉 青 蛾 /红粉青 蛾 索 粉 綠 粉 /绿粉綺羅 粉黛 /绮罗粉黛 - 肏粉 (càofěn)
肥田 粉 肥 皂粉 (féizàofěn)肥 豬粉/肥猪 粉 胡粉 (húfěn)- 胰澱
粉 酶/胰淀粉 酶 脂粉 (zhīfěn)脂粉 塘脂粉 客 脂粉 小說 /脂粉 小 说脂粉 氣 /脂粉 气 (zhīfěnqì)脂粉 錢 /脂粉 钱- 胭脂
花粉 脫脂 奶粉/脱脂 奶粉- 膩粉/腻粉
自 花 傳 粉 /自 花 传粉臺灣 粉 蝶 /台湾 粉 蝶 花 林 粉 陣 /花 林 粉 阵- 芡粉 (qiànfěn)
花粉 (huāfěn)花粉 囊花粉 樓 /花粉 楼 花粉 熱 /花粉 热花粉 管 花粉 錢 /花粉 钱花 錢 粉 鈔/花 钱粉钞葛粉 (géfěn)蕊 粉 藕 粉 (ǒufěn)藥 粉 /药粉 (yàofěn)- 虀粉 (jīfěn)
- 蛋粉
蛤 粉 蛤 蜊粉蜂 粉 - 蛺蝶
粉 /蛱蝶粉 蝶 粉 蝶 粉 蜂 黄 蝶 粉 蜂 黃 /蝶 粉 蜂 黄 螢光 粉 /萤光粉 蟹 粉 (xièfěn)- 蠣粉/
蛎 粉 - 蠣粉牆/
蛎 粉 墙 觀音 粉 /观音粉 調 朱 傅 粉 /调朱傅 粉 調 朱 弄 粉 /调朱弄 粉 調 粉 /调粉調 脂 弄 粉 /调脂弄 粉 - 豔粉/艳粉
- 豬腸
粉 /猪 肠粉 (zhūchángfěn) 貴 妃 粉 /贵妃粉 - 賸粉/
剩 粉 輕 粉 /轻粉通 心 粉 (tōngxīnfěn)金粉 金粉 南朝 金粉 樓臺 /金粉 楼台 金 迷粉醉 鉛 粉 /铅粉 (qiānfěn)銅 粉 /铜粉銀粉 /银粉- 鋅粉/锌粉
- 鏇粉/旋粉
雪 文 粉 (sap-bûn-hún) (Min Nan)雪 粉 雪 花粉 雲 粉 /云 粉 青粉 青陵 粉 蝶 面 如傅粉 面 如敷粉 面 粉 (miànfěn)- 鞋粉
- 韶粉
飼料 奶粉/饲料奶粉香 粉 (xiāngfěn)骨粉 高 筋 麵粉/高 筋 面 粉 (gāojīn miànfěn)魚粉 /鱼粉鴨 蛋粉/鸭蛋粉 鶯 粉 /莺粉- 麝粉
- 麤粉/
粗 粉 麥粉 /麦粉 (màifěn)- 麰粉/𮮇
粉 - 麵粉/
面 粉 (miànfěn) 黃粉 /黄粉 黑 粉 病 黛 粉 葉 /黛 粉 叶 - 齏粉/齑粉 (jīfěn)
- 齏身
粉 骨 /齑身粉 骨
References
[edit]- “
粉 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]花 粉 (kafun)小 麦 粉 (komugiko)薄 力 粉 (hakurikiko)中 力 粉 (chūrikiko)強 力 粉 (kyōrikiko)蕎 麦 粉 (sobako)片 栗 粉 (katakuriko)澱 粉 (denpun)米 粉 (beifun),米 粉 (komeko): rice flour黄 な粉 (kinako)粉 茶 (konacha): dust tea白粉 (oshiroi),白 粉 (hakufun)天 花 粉 (tenkafun),天 瓜 粉 (tenkafun)粉 薬 (konagusuri)粉 雪 (konayuki)製 粉 (seifun)- 受
粉 (jufun) 骨 粉 (koppun)胡 粉 (gofun)鱗 粉 (rinpun)金 粉 (kinpun)銀 粉 (ginpun)鉄 粉 (teppun)粉 砕 (funsai)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
こ Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
⟨ko1⟩ → */kwo/ → /ko/
From Old Japanese.[1] Used phonetically to spell ko in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]This reading remains in compounds and in certain set phrases. Use as a standalone noun began disappearing from the late 1600s in preference for the bisyllabic, and less ambiguous, kona reading.[1]
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
こな Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Appears to be
First cited to 1683.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]This reading began to replace the monosyllabic ko reading from the late 1600s, likely due to sound shifts and the resulting ambiguity of monosyllabic words. Compare also ancient
Synonyms
[edit]- パウダー (paudā)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988)
国語 大 辞典 (新装 版 ) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN - ^ , text here
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),
新 明解 国語 辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
[edit]- (powder; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pun]
- Phonetic hangul: [분]
- (in 분홍 (
粉 紅 , bunhong)):- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [분(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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