粉こな

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粉こな U+7C89, 粉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C89
← 粈
[U+7C88] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 粊 →
[U+7C8A]

Translingual

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Han character

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粉こな (Kangxi radical 119, 米べい+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火ひ木き金きん尸しかばね竹ちく (FDCSH), four-corner 98927, composition ⿰米べい分ぶん)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26872
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1332, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3143, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7C89

Chinese

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trad. 粉こな
simp. # 粉こな

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 粉こな
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (分ぶん) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扮ふん *prɯːns, *hmroːlʔ, *pɯn, *pɯnʔ
盼 *pʰrɯːns
頒 *praːn, *bɯn
朌 *praːn, *bɯn
鳻 *praːn, *bɯn
份 *prɯn, *bɯns
汃 *pʰreːd, *prɯn
玢 *prɯn
邠 *prɯn
攽 *prɯn
砏 *prɯn, *pʰrɯn, *pʰɯn
貧ひん *brɯn
湓 *pʰɯːns, *bɯːn, *pʰɯns
盆ぼん *bɯːn
葐 *bɯːn, *bɯn, *bɯn
坌 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
坋 *bɯːns, *bɯnʔ, *bɯns
分ぶん *pɯn, *bɯns
吩 *pɯn
粉こな *pɯnʔ
黺 *pɯnʔ
芬 *pʰɯn
紛まがえ *pʰɯn
衯 *pʰɯn
棻 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
氛 *pʰɯn, *bɯn
雰きり *pʰɯn
忿 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯnʔ
魵 *pʰɯnʔ, *pʰɯns, *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
汾 *bɯn
羒 *bɯn
枌 *bɯn
棼 *bɯn
妢 *bɯn
梤 *bɯn
馚 *bɯn
鼢 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
蚡 *bɯn, *bɯnʔ
弅 *bɯnʔ
秎 *bɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *pɯnʔ) : semantic 米べい (“rice”) + phonetic 分ぶん (OC *pɯn, *bɯns) – face powder made of rice.

Etymology 1

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The earliest sense is believed to be "face powder". The term is then used for the color of this powder, "white", and later also the color of a face with this cosmetic, "pink". In early modern Chinese, the ancient "face powder" sense is partly reinforced by 粉こな底そこ (fěndǐ) (from English foundation). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 粉こな
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 幫 (1)
Final (韻いん) 文ぶん (59)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Closed
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 方ほう吻切きり
Baxter pjunX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨunX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piunX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/punX/
Li
Rong 		/piuənX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭuənX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯uənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 粉こな
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjunX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə.pənʔ/
English flour

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 粉こな
Reading # 1/1
No. 3151
Phonetic
component 		分ぶん
Rime
group 		文ぶん
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		粉こな
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯnʔ/

Definitions

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粉こな

  1. powder
    麵粉こな是これ小麥こむぎ做的てき粉こな。 [MSC, trad.]
    面めん粉こな是これ小麦こむぎ做的てき粉こな。 [MSC, simp.]
    Miànfěn shì xiǎomài zuò de fěn. [Pinyin]
    Flour is a powder made from wheat.
    1. face powder
      粉こな墨すみ登場とうじょう／粉こな墨ぼく登のぼる场  ―  fěnmòdēngchǎng  ―  to go on the stage
    2. flour
    3. (Cantonese, slang) heroin
  2. † (ergative) to powder
    粉こな碎  ―  fěnsuì  ―  to smash
    粉こな身み碎骨  ―  fěnshēn-suìgǔ  ―  to have one's body smashed to pieces
  3. (color)
    1. (～色しょく) pink
      我わが把わ頭髮とうはつ染しみ成なり了りょう粉こな的てき。 [MSC, trad.]
      我わが把わ头发染しみ成なり了りょう粉こな的てき。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ bǎ tóufà rǎn chéng le fěn de. [Pinyin]
      I dyed my hair pink.
    2. ⁜ white
      粉こな壁かべ  ―  fěnbì  ―  white wall
      粉こな飾かざり／粉こな饰  ―  fěnshì  ―  to whitewash
  4. (dialectal) to whitewash
  5. (food)
    1. food made from starch or flour (noodles, vermicelli, etc.)
      粉こな條じょう／粉こな条じょう  ―  fěntiáo  ―  Chinese vermicelli
      涼りょう粉こな／凉粉こな  ―  liángfěn  ―  grass jelly
      河かわ粉こな  ―  héfěn  ―  he fen noodles
    2. bean or sweet potato noodles
Usage notes
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  • 粉こな (fěn) and 麵／面めん (miàn):
    As cereal food, generally 粉こな is something made from rice while 麵 is from wheat. But this is not a strict distinction. The two characters are usually not interchangeable when referring to a specific kind of noodles.
Synonyms
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  • (powder):
Dialectal synonyms of 粉こな (“powder”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 粉こな
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 麵兒
Singapore 粉こな
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 麵兒
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 麵麵兒じ
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 麵麵, 麵子, 粉粉こなごな
Wuhan 粉こな子こ
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 粉こな子こ, 粉こな
Hefei 粉こな
Cantonese Guangzhou 粉こな
Hong Kong 粉こな
Yangjiang 粉こな
Singapore (Guangfu) 粉こな
Gan Nanchang 粉こな
Hakka Meixian 粉こな
Jin Taiyuan 麵麵
Northern Min Jian'ou 粉こな
Eastern Min Fuzhou 粉粉こなごな
Southern Min Xiamen 粉こな
Singapore (Hokkien) 粉こな
Manila (Hokkien) 粉こな
Chaozhou 粉こな
Singapore (Teochew) 粉こな
Wu Shanghai 粉こな
Suzhou 粉こな
Wenzhou 粉こな
Xiang Changsha 粉こな子こ
Shuangfeng 粉こな子こ
  • (flour):
Dialectal synonyms of 麵粉 (“(wheat) flour”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 麵粉, 小麥粉こむぎこ, 粉こな
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 白しろ麵, 麵
Taiwan 麵粉
Harbin 白しろ麵, 麵
Singapore 麵粉
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 白しろ麵, 麵
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 麵
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 白しろ麵, 麵
Wanrong 麵
Xi'an 麵, 麥むぎ麵
Xining 白しろ麵, 麵粉
Xuzhou 麵粉, 麵, 白しろ麵
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 麵
Lanzhou 白しろ麵
Ürümqi 白しろ麵, 麵
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 灰はい麵, 麵粉
Wuhan 灰はい麵, 麵粉
Guiyang 灰はい麵
Guilin 麵粉
Liuzhou 灰はい麵, 麵粉
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 乾いぬい麵, 麵粉
Yangzhou 乾いぬい麵
Wuhu 灰はい麵
Hefei 灰はい麵
Cantonese Guangzhou 麵粉, 灰はい麵
Hong Kong 麵粉
Dongguan 麵粉
Yangjiang 麵粉
Gan Nanchang 灰はい麵
Lichuan 麵灰
Pingxiang 灰はい麵
Hakka Meixian 麵粉, 麥粉むぎこ
Raoping (Xinfeng) 麵灰
Yudu 麵粉
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 麵粉
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 麵粉
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 麵粉
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 麵粉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 麵粉
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 麵粉
Huizhou Jixi 灰はい麵, 麵, 白しろ麵
Jin Taiyuan 麵, 好こう麵, 白しろ麵
Xinzhou 麵, 好こう麵
Northern Min Jian'ou 麵灰
Eastern Min Fuzhou 麵粉
Southern Min Xiamen 麵粉
Quanzhou 麵粉
Zhangzhou 麵粉
Taipei 麵粉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 麵粉
Kaohsiung 麵粉
Yilan 麵粉
Changhua (Lukang) 麵粉
Taichung 麵粉
Tainan 麵粉
Hsinchu 麵粉
Kinmen 麵粉
Penghu (Magong) 麵粉
Singapore (Hokkien) 麵粉
Manila (Hokkien) 麵粉
Chaozhou 麵粉, 麵灰
Jieyang 麵粞, 麥むぎ粞, 麥粉むぎこ
Singapore (Teochew) 麵粉
Haikou 麵粉, 麵
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 麵粉
Wu Shanghai 麵粉, 乾いぬい麵
Shanghai (Chongming) 乾いぬい麵
Suzhou 麵餑, 麵粉
Danyang 麵白, 麵糏
Hangzhou 麵粉
Ningbo 麵粉
Wenzhou 麵粉, 飛ひ麵
Jinhua 飛ひ麵, 麥粉むぎこ
Xiang Changsha 灰はい麵
Loudi 灰はい麵粉
Shuangfeng 灰はい麵
  • (heroin):
Dialectal synonyms of 海うみ洛らく因いん (“heroin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 海うみ洛らく因いん, 海うみ洛らく英えい
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 白しろ麵兒, 老ろう海うみ dated
Taiwan 海うみ洛らく因いん, 白粉おしろい
Singapore 白粉おしろい
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 白しろ麵兒, 老ろう海うみ
Xi'an 白しろ麵兒
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 白しろ麵兒
Southwestern Mandarin Dagudi (Maliba) 白粉おしろい
Reshuitang (Longling) 白粉おしろい, 粉藥こぐすり
Mae Salong (Lancang) 白粉おしろい, 粉藥こぐすり
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 白粉おしろい
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 白しろ麵子
Cantonese Guangzhou 白粉おしろい
Hong Kong 海うみ洛らく英えい, 白粉おしろい, 粉こな, 灰はい, 四よん仔こ
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 白粉おしろい
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 白粉おしろい
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 白粉おしろい
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 海うみ洛らく英えい
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 白粉おしろい
Móng Cái 白粉おしろい
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 白粉おしろい
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 海うみ洛らく因いん
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 海うみ洛らく因いん
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 海うみ洛らく因いん
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 海うみ洛らく因いん
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 海うみ洛らく因いん
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 海うみ洛らく因いん
Senai (Huiyang) 白粉おしろい
Jin Taiyuan 料りょう子こ
Xinzhou 料りょう子こ
Southern Min Xiamen 海うみ洛らく因いん
Singapore (Hokkien) 白粉おしろい
Chaozhou 白粉おしろい
Shantou 白粉おしろい
Jieyang 白粉おしろい
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 白粉おしろい
Pontianak (Teochew) 下しも洛らく因いん
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 白粉おしろい
Wu Danyang 白粉おしろい, 白しろ麵
Wenzhou 白粉おしろい
  • (pink):
Dialectal synonyms of 粉こな紅べに (“pink”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 粉こな紅べに, 粉こな
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 粉こな紅べに
Cantonese Hong Kong 粉こな紅べに
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 粉こな紅べに
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 粉こな紅べに, 水みず紅べに
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 粉こな紅べに
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 粉こな紅べに
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 粉こな紅べに
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 粉こな紅べに
Southern Min Xiamen 水みず紅べに
Quanzhou 水みず紅べに
Zhangzhou 水みず紅べに
Descendants
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Sino-Xenic (粉こな):
  • → Vietnamese: phấn (粉こな)

Etymology 2

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Short for 粉こな絲いと／粉こな丝 (fěnsī), from English fans.

Definitions

[edit]

粉こな

  1. fan; fanatic
    明あきら粉こな  ―  Míng fěn  ―  fan of the Ming dynasty
    川かわ粉こな  ―  chuānfěn  ―  fan of Donald Trump
    米べい粉こな  ―  mǐfěn  ―  fan of Xiaomi
  2. (Internet, neologism, slang) follower on a social media platform; subscriber
  3. (transitive) to be a fan of (a person, a group, etc.); to admire

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

粉こな

Kyūjitai

粉こな

Kanji

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粉こな

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. powder

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
粉こな
こ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

⟨ko1⟩ → */kwo/ → /ko/

From Old Japanese.[1] Used phonetically to spell ko in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

[edit]

粉こな(こ) • (ko) 

  1. [from 759] powder
  2. [from 759] flour
Usage notes
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This reading remains in compounds and in certain set phrases. Use as a standalone noun began disappearing from the late 1600s in preference for the bisyllabic, and less ambiguous, kona reading.[1]

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
粉こな
こな
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Appears to be 粉こな (ko, “powder”, see above) +‎ な (-na, suffixing element, meaning unclear).[5]

First cited to 1683.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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粉こな(こな) • (kona) 

  1. [from 1683] powder
  2. [from 1683] flour
Usage notes
[edit]

This reading began to replace the monosyllabic ko reading from the late 1600s, likely due to sound shifts and the resulting ambiguity of monosyllabic words. Compare also ancient 足あし (a) and modern 足あし (ashi), ancient 羽はね (ha) and modern 羽はね (hane).[1]

Synonyms

[edit]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 997:
    , text here
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新しん明解めいかい国語こくご辞典じてん [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 粉こな (MC pjunX). Recorded as Middle Korean 분〮 (pwún) (Yale: pwún) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (powder; etc.):
  • (in 분홍 (粉こな紅べに, bunhong)):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pu(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [분(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

粉こな (eumhun 가루 분 (garu bun))

  1. hanja form? of 분 (“powder”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

粉こな: Hán Nôm readings: phấn[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of phấn (“powder”).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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