明
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 491, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13805
- Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1491, character 8
- Unihan data for U+660E
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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alternative forms | 朙 眀 几 𤰾 𣇱 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (
Three other forms were found in the oracle bone script:
- 朙 (míng) < 囧 (“window”) +
月 – the moon shining through a window – moonlight. This form was also prevalent in the ancient scripts and was considered to be the standard form in Shuowen. See this form's entry for its historical forms. - 眀 (míng) <
目 (“eye”) +月 – bright eyes. This form was rarely attested, so it is still uncertain whether this form is actually equivalent to明 . It reappeared in the bamboo script of the Qin dynasty, but this was probably a corruption of 朙 (míng). - 𤰾 <
田 +月 – probably a corruption of the above forms.
Etymology
[edit]Of either Proto-Sino-Tibetan origin, compare
- Tibetan མདངས (mdangs, “facial color, appearance, brightness”) (Bodman, 1980), or
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brwaŋ (“loud; bright”) (STDET); making it cognate with Burmese ပြင်း (prang:, “acute; violent”), Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “to shine”).
Or from Austroasiatic, cognate with
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): min4 / miang4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ming1 / mi1
- Northern Min (KCR): mâng / mêng
- Eastern Min (BUC): màng / mìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6men; 6min
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: míng
- Wade–Giles: ming2
- Yale: míng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming
- Palladius: мин (min)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (
明 兒 /明 儿)- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: míngr
- Wade–Giles: ming2-ʼrh
- Yale: míngr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miengl
- Palladius: минр (minr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miɤ̯̃ɻ³⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 名 兒 /名 儿明 兒 /明 儿
- (Standard Chinese)+
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: min2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: min
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ming4
- Yale: mìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ming4
- Guangdong Romanization: ming4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɪŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: men3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵐben²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: min4 / miang4
- Sinological IPA (key): /min³⁵/, /miaŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn / miàng / màng
- Hakka Romanization System: minˇ / miangˇ / mangˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: min2 / miang2 / mang2
- Sinological IPA: /min¹¹/, /mi̯aŋ¹¹/, /maŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- mìn - literary;
- miàng, màng - vernacular.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ming1 / mi1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mĩŋ¹¹/, /mi¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mâng / mêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ³³/, /meiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: màng / mìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ⁵³/, /miŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- màng - vernacular;
- mìng - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mê
- Tâi-lô: mê
- Phofsit Daibuun: mee
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mẽ²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Yilan, Tainan): /mẽ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
- Tâi-lô: mî
- Phofsit Daibuun: mii
- IPA (Tainan): /mĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa
- Tâi-lô: muâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: moaa
- IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang): /muã²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ
- Tâi-lô: mâ
- Phofsit Daibuun: maa
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /mã²⁴/
- bêng - literary;
- bîn, miâ - vernacular;
- mê/mêe/mî/môa/mâ - vernacular (limited, e.g.
明年 (míngnián)).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mêng5 / mê5 / mia5 / man3 / muan3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng / mê / miâ / màⁿ / muàⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /meŋ⁵⁵/, /me⁵⁵/, /mia⁵⁵/, /mã²¹³/, /mũã²¹³/
- 3men - vernacular;
- 3min - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: min2
- Sinological IPA (key): /min¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: mjaeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ/
Definitions
[edit]- bright; light; brilliant
明 月 ― míngyuè ― splendid moon
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Dōngfāng wèimíng, diāndǎo yīcháng. [Pinyin]
- Before the east was bright,
I was putting on my clothes upside down;
東方 未 明 ,顛倒 衣裳 。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
东方未 明 ,颠倒衣裳 。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- clear; limpid (transparent; light-conducting; not obscured)
- manifest; apparent (easily seen, perceived, or detected)
- vision; sight (the ability to see)
失 明 ― shīmíng ― to be blind; to lose eyesight
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Míng zúyǐ chá qiūháo zhī mò, ér bùjiàn yúxīn. [Pinyin]
- [M]y eyesight is sharp enough to examine the point of an autumn hair, but I do not see a cart-load of firewood.
明 足 以察秋 毫之 末 ,而不 見 輿 薪 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]明 足 以察秋 毫之 末 ,而不 见舆薪 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (of vision) acute; sharp; keen
- (figurative) intellect; knowledge; judgement; discernment; sensibility
- (figurative) intelligent; sensible; informed; wise
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Wáng zhī bùmíng, qǐ zú fú zāi! [Pinyin]
- How can a monarch's lack of judgement be a blessing? (Literally, "That the monarch is not wise, how can this amount to a blessing?")
王 之 不 明 ,豈 足 福 哉! [Classical Chinese, trad.]王 之 不 明 ,岂足 福 哉! [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to understand; to know
- evidently
- (literary) to make known
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Gǔ zhī yù míng míngdé yú tiānxià zhě, xiān zhì qí guó. [Pinyin]
- The ancients who wished to illustrate illustrious virtue throughout the kingdom, first ordered well their own states.
古 之 欲 明 明德 於天下 者 ,先 治 其國 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]古 之 欲 明 明德 于天下 者 ,先 治 其国 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- next; following
- (literary) tomorrow
- (~
朝 ) Ming dynasty - a surname, listed as #111 on the Baijiaxing
- (~
母 ) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of明 (MC mjaeng)
See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]三明 (sānmíng)三 明治 (sānmíngzhì)不明 (bùmíng)五明 休 明 伯 明 罕修明 (xiūmíng)- 催明
鳥 /催明鸟 光明 (guāngmíng)光明 燈 /光明 灯 (guāngmíngdēng)克明 (kèmíng)公明 (gōngmíng)公生 明 分明 (fēnmíng)判明 (pànmíng)- 剖明
半 透明 (bàntòumíng)南明 (Nánmíng)呈 明 - 哉生
明 唐 明 皇 (Tángmínghuáng)喪 明 /丧明- 嚮明/
向 明 嚴 明 /严明 (yánmíng)因明 圓明 園 /圆明园 (Yuánmíngyuán)夜明 (yèmíng)夜明 珠 (yèmíngzhū)大明 (Dàmíng)大 明星 大明 曆 /大明 历大明 湖 (Dàmínghú)天明 (tiānmíng)失明 (shīmíng)孔明 (Kǒngmíng)孔明 燈 /孔明 灯 (kǒngmíngdēng)宣明 (xuānmíng)小明 (Xiǎomíng)小 聰明 /小 聪明 (xiǎocōngmíng)平明 (píngmíng)幽明 幽明 錄 /幽明 录廉 明 (liánmíng)復 明 /复明 (fùmíng)打 明 火 投 明 指 明 (zhǐmíng)- 挑明
- 擺明/摆明 (bǎimíng)
- 敘明/
叙 明 啟明 /启明 (qǐmíng)文明 (wénmíng)文明 人 (wénmíngrén)文明 戲 /文明 戏 (wénmíngxì)文明 病 方 明 旦 明 (dànmíng)明世 (míngshì)明 丟丟/明 丢丢明主 (míngzhǔ)明 了 (míngliǎo)明 亮 (míngliàng)明 亮 亮 明 亮 隔 明人 (míngrén)明 令 (mínglìng)明 仔 載 /明 仔 载 (bîn-á-chài)明信 片 (míngxìnpiàn)明倫 堂 /明 伦堂明 允 明光 (Míngguāng)明光 光 明光 瓦 亮 明 兒 /明 儿 (míngr)明 兩 /明 两明 公 (mínggōng)明 凈/明 净明 分 明 刑 明前 明 升 暗 降 明君 (míngjūn)明 命 明哲 (míngzhé)明 喻 (míngyù)明器 (míngqì)明 四 家 明 堂 明夜 明天 (míngtiān)明太 祖 明 夷 (míngyí)明 妃 明 如翦明 威 明媚 (míngmèi)明 密 明察 (míngchá)明察 暗 訪 /明察 暗 访 (míngchá'ànfǎng)明察 秋毫 (míngchá qiūháo)明 局 明 師 /明 师明 幌 幌 明年 (míngnián)明 府 明度 (míngdù)明後 /明 后 明 徹 /明 彻明德 (míngdé)明德 茶 明 心 (míngxīn)明 志 (míngzhì)明 忘八明快 (míngkuài)明 恕 明 悟 明 慎 明 慧 (mínghuì)明 打 明 明 挖明 搶/明 抢明 據 /明 据 明 擺著/明 摆着明 教 (míngjiào)明文 (míngwén)明新 明斷 /明断 明 旌明日 (míngrì)明 旦 (míngdàn)明 早 (míngzǎo)昆 明 (Kūnmíng)明 明 (míngmíng)昌明 (chāngmíng)- 昏明
昆 明 池 昆 明 湖 (Kūnmíng Hú)明星 (míngxīng)明 時 /明 时明 晃 晃 (mínghuǎnghuǎng)明 晨明晰 (míngxī)明智 (míngzhì)明暗 (míng'àn)明 暢 /明 畅明 曉 /明 晓明月 (míngyuè)明月 光 明朗 (mínglǎng)明朝 明 杖 明 板 明 格 列 爾 /明 格 列 尔 (Mínggéliè'ěr)明 槍 /明 枪明 槍 易 躲,暗 箭 難 防 /明 枪易躲,暗 箭 难防 (míngqiāng yì duǒ, ànjiàn nán fáng)明 槍 暗 箭 /明 枪暗箭 明 樓 /明 楼 明正 明水 (Míngshuǐ)明 決 /明 决明 汪 汪 明河 (mínghé)明 法 明治 (Míngzhì)明 淨 /明 净 (míngjìng)明 溝 /明 沟明滅 /明 灭明 滴 溜 明 潔 /明 洁明 澈 (míngchè)明 火 (mínghuǒ)明 燈 /明 灯 (míngdēng)明 燭 /明 烛明 燦燦 /明 灿灿明 牌 明 牧 明王 (míngwáng)明 玕明 珠 (míngzhū)明 琅明 理 (mínglǐ)明 瑟明 璫/明 珰明 瓦 明 當 /明 当 明 發 /明 发明白 明白 人 (míngbairén)明盛 明 盤 /明 盘明 目 (míngmù)明 目張 膽 /明 目 张胆 (míngmùzhāngdǎn)明 眼 明眸 (míngmóu)明 眼 人 (míngyǎnrén)明瞭 /明 了 (míngliǎo)明知 (míngzhī)明知 道 明石 (míngshí)明確 /明 确 (míngquè)明 碼/明 码 (míngmǎ)明礬 /明 矾 (míngfán)明示 (míngshì)明 祀 明神 明秀 明 節 /明 节明 範 /明 范明 經 /明 经明 線 /明 线明 者 明 聖 /明 圣明 肌 雪 明 膠 /明 胶 (míngjiāo)明 臺 /明 台 明良 明 蘆 /明 芦 (Mínglú)明 處 /明 处明 蝦 /明 虾 (míngxiā)明 蟾 (míngchán)明 衣 明見 /明 见明言 (míngyán)明 訓 /明 训明 詔 /明 诏明 詩 /明 诗明 說 /明 说 (míngshuō)明 誓 明 調 /明 调明 講 /明 讲明證 /明 证 (míngzhèng)明 豔/明 艳 (míngyàn)明 貺/明 贶明 賢 /明 贤明輪 /明 轮明 辨 (míngbiàn)明通 (Míngtōng)明達 /明 达 (míngdá)明道 明 遠 樓 /明 远楼明 銳 /明 锐明鏡 /明 镜 (míngjìng)明 鐙 /明 镫明 鑑 /明 鉴明 鑒/明 鉴明 閃閃/明 闪闪明 開 /明 开明間 /明 间明 降 明 靈 /明 灵 (mínglíng)明 靜 /明 静 明 順 /明 顺明 顯 /明 显 (míngxiǎn)明 駝/明 驼明 麗 /明 丽 (mínglì)昭明 (zhāomíng)春明 晨明 (chénmíng)晦 明 (huìmíng)月明 (yuèmíng)- 朏明
朧 明 /胧明未明 (wèimíng)朱 明 (zhūmíng)東明 /东明 (Dōngmíng)松明 (sōngmíng)- 查明 (chámíng)
標 明 /标明 (biāomíng)正明 師 /正明 师永 明 體 /永 明 体 沒 天明 /没 天明 決 明 /决明 (juémíng)決 明子 /决明子 (juémíngzǐ)注 明 (zhùmíng)洞 明 流 明 (liúmíng)清明 (qīngmíng)淺 明 /浅 明 清明 河 (Qīngmínghé)清明 節 /清明 节 (Qīngmíngjié)澄明 (chéngmíng)焦 明 (jiāomíng)無明 /无明 (wúmíng)無明 火 /无明火 (wúmínghuǒ)照明 (zhàomíng)照明 彈 /照明 弹申 明 (shēnmíng)發明 /发明 (fāmíng)發明 家 /发明家 (fāmíngjiā)真理 越 辯 越 明 /真理 越 辩越明 (zhēnlǐ yuèbiànyuèmíng)知人 者 智 ,自 知者 明 (zhī rén zhě zhì, zì zhī zhě míng)石 決 明 /石 决明 (shíjuémíng)- 砸明
火 神明 (shénmíng)- 稟明/禀明
空 明 簡明 /简明 (jiǎnmíng)精 明 (jīngmíng)聖 明 /圣明 (shèngmíng)聰明 /聪明 (cōngmíng)聲明 /声明 (shēngmíng)聰明 人 /聪明人 (cōngmíngrén)至 明 - 芵明
英明 (yīngmíng)薄明 虛明 /虚明 表明 (biǎomíng)言明 (yánmíng)- 註明/
注 明 (zhùmíng) 詳 明 /详明 (xiángmíng)說明 /说明 (shuōmíng)說明 文 /说明文 (shuōmíngwén)說明 書 /说明书 (shuōmíngshū)證明 /证明 (zhèngmíng)證明 書 /证明书 (zhèngmíngshū)賢明 /贤明 (xiánmíng)質 明 /质明趙 公明 /赵公明 - 趕明
兒 /赶明儿 載 明 /载明辨明 (biànmíng)通明 (tōngmíng)透明 (tòumíng)透明 化 透明 度 (tòumíngdù)透明 漆 透明 體 /透明 体 (tòumíngtǐ)過 明 路 /过明路 遲 明 /迟明重明 (chóngmíng)野 決 明 /野 决明長明 燈 /长明灯 (chángmíngdēng)開明 /开明 (kāimíng)闡明 /阐明 (chǎnmíng)陽明 /阳明 (yángmíng)陽明 山 /阳明山 靜 明園 /静 明 园頭 明 /头明顯 明 /显明 (xiǎnmíng)餘 明 /余 明 馬 明王 /马明王 驗 明 /验明高 明 (gāomíng)鬼 聰明 /鬼 聪明鮮明 /鲜明 (xiānmíng)- 鷦明/鹪明 (jiāomíng)
黃 明 /黄 明 黃 明 膠 /黄 明 胶黎明 (límíng)齊 明 /齐明
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (
教育 部 異體 字 字典 ), A01784 - “
明 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: みょう (myō, Jōyō)←みやう (myau, historical)
- Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: みん (min)
- Kun: あかり (akari,
明 かり, Jōyō); あかるい (akarui,明 るい, Jōyō); あかるむ (akarumu,明 るむ, Jōyō); あからむ (akaramu,明 らむ, Jōyō); あきらか (akiraka,明 らか, Jōyō); あける (akeru,明 ける, Jōyō); あく (aku,明 く, Jōyō); あくる (akuru,明 くる, Jōyō); あかす (akasu,明 かす, Jōyō) - Nanori: あ (a); あか (aka); あかり (akari); あかる (akaru); あき (aki); あきら (akira); あけ (ake); あける (akeru); きよし (kiyoshi); くに (kuni); さとし (satoshi); てる (teru); とおる (tōru); とし (toshi); なお (nao); のり (nori); はじめ (hajime); はる (haru); ひろ (hiro); み (mi); みつ (mitsu); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
めい Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese
Affix
[edit]- bright, brightening
- clarifying, understanding
- brighten, enlighten
- open to the world
- deity, god
Derived terms
[edit]明 暗 (meian)明 快 (meikai)明 解 (meikai)明 海 (meikai)明 確 (meikaku)明 鏡 (meikyō)明 君 (meikun)明 言 (meigen)明 察 (meisatsu)明 示 (meiji)明 治 (Meiji)明 晰 (meiseki)明 白 (meihaku)明 瞭 (meiryō)解 明 (kaimei)究 明 (kyūmei)克 明 (kokumei)松 明 (shōmei)照 明 (shōmei)証 明 (shōmei)- 晨
明 (shinmei) 透 明 (tōmei)薄 明 (hakumei)発 明 (hatsumei)不 明 (fumei)文 明 (bunmei)
Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
みょう Grade: 2 |
goon |
/mʲau/ → /mʲɔː/ → /mʲoː/
From Middle Chinese
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).[1]
Affix
[edit]- bright
- light, lamp
- clarifying
- passing to the next in time
- graceful, respectful
- (Buddhism) passing of knowledge, scholarship, or study
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (Buddhism) knowledge or wisdom that dispels the darkness of ignorance and brings to the realization of truth; enlightenment
- (Buddhism) an esoteric mantra
Adnominal
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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みん Grade: 2 |
tōon |
Proper noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
さや Grade: 2 |
irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
(This term, |
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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あき(ら) Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Nominalization of the stem of adjective
Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995)
大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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