あきら

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あきら U+660E, 明
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-660E

[U+660D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+660F]

Translingual

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Stroke order
0 strokes

Han character

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あきら (Kangxi radical 72, +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日月じつげつ (AB), four-corner 67020, composition つき)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 491, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13805
  • Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1491, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+660E

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
あきら
alternative forms


𤰾
𣇱

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character あきら
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい会意かいい) : (sun) + つき (moon) – the sun just rising and the moon not yet set – dawn (天明てんめい (tiānmíng)). Alternatively, it may be interpreted as two bright celestial bodies – bright. This form was already found in the oracle bone script and was prevalent throughout the eras.

Three other forms were found in the oracle bone script:

  • (míng) < (window) + つき – the moon shining through a window – moonlight. This form was also prevalent in the ancient scripts and was considered to be the standard form in Shuowen. See this form's entry for its historical forms.
  • (míng) < (eye) + つき – bright eyes. This form was rarely attested, so it is still uncertain whether this form is actually equivalent to あきら. It reappeared in the bamboo script of the Qin dynasty, but this was probably a corruption of (míng).
  • 𤰾 < + つき – probably a corruption of the above forms.

Etymology

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Of either Proto-Sino-Tibetan origin, compare

Or from Austroasiatic, cognate with あきら (OC *raŋs, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007). For more see あきら (OC *raŋs).

めい (OC *mraŋ, *mraːŋs, “covenant”) is a derivative (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note: míngr - "tomorrow".
Note:
  • mìn - literary;
  • miàng, màng - vernacular.
Note: mi1 - in せいあきら.
Note:
  • màng - vernacular;
  • mìng - literary.
Note:
  • bêng - literary;
  • bîn, miâ - vernacular;
  • mê/mêe/mî/môa/mâ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 明年みょうねん (míngnián)).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: mêng5 / mê5 / mia5 / man3 / muan3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêng / mê / miâ / màⁿ / muàⁿ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /meŋ⁵⁵/, /me⁵⁵/, /mia⁵⁵/, /mã²¹³/, /mũã²¹³/
Note:
Note:
  • 3men - vernacular;
  • 3min - literary.

Rime
Character あきら
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) あきら (4)
Final (いん) かのえ (111)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie たけへいきり
Baxter mjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/miaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/miajŋ/
Li
Rong
/miɐŋ/
Wang
Li
/mĭɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
míng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ming4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character あきら
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
míng
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjæng ›
Old
Chinese
/*mraŋ/
English bright

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character あきら
Reading # 1/1
No. 9188
Phonetic
component
あきら
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
あきら
Old
Chinese
/*mraŋ/

Definitions

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あきら

  1. bright; light; brilliant
    あきらつき  ―  míngyuè  ―  splendid moon
  2. clear; limpid (transparent; light-conducting; not obscured)
    まどあきら几淨まどあきら几净  ―  chuāngmíngjījìng  ―  a neat place (literally, "the window is clear, the desk is clean")
  3. manifest; apparent (easily seen, perceived, or detected)
    あきらあらわあきら  ―  míngxiǎn  ―  obvious
    あきらあきらあきらりょう  ―  míngliǎo  ―  apparent; simple and clear
    あきらやりえきくらなんぼう [MSC, trad.]
    あきらえきくらぼう [MSC, simp.]
    míng qiāng yì duǒ, ànjiàn nán fáng [Pinyin]
    It is easy to dodge an open attack, but difficult to defend against a concealed one.
  4. vision; sight (the ability to see)
    しつあきら  ―  shīmíng  ―  to be blind; to lose eyesight
  5. (of vision) acute; sharp; keen
    みみさとしあきらみみ聪目あきら  ―  ěrcōngmùmíng  ―  sharp at hearing and vision
  6. (figurative) intellect; knowledge; judgement; discernment; sensibility
    あきらあきら  ―  míng  ―  ignorance
  7. (figurative) intelligent; sensible; informed; wise
    あきらさとし  ―  míngzhì  ―  wise; sensible
    えいあきら  ―  yīngmíng  ―  wise
  8. to understand; to know
    こうあきらあきら  ―  jiǎngmíng  ―  to explain
    あきら事理じり  ―  míngshìlǐ  ―  sensible; capable
    あきら一定いっていようごえ [Cantonese, trad.]
    あきら一定いっていようごえ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 m4 ming4 jat1 ding6 jiu3 ceot1 seng1. [Jyutping]
    If you don't understand you must speak up.
    わがしんがかり唔係このみあきらてんかい(……) [Cantonese, trad.]
    わがしんけい唔系このみあきらてんかい(……) [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 zan1 hai6 m4 hai6 hou2 ming4 dim2 gaai2 (......) [Jyutping]
    I really don't get why (…)
  9. evidently
    あきらといあきら  ―  míngzhīgùwèn  ―  to ask intentionally a question one already knows the answer to
  10. (literary) to make known
    ひらきむねあきらよし开宗あきら  ―  kāizōngmíng  ―  to make clear the main idea at the beginning in one's speech or writing
  11. next; following
    あきらてん  ―  míngtiān  ―  tomorrow
    あきらとし  ―  míngnián  ―  next year or the following year
    いまふゆあきらはる  ―  jīn dōng míng chūn  ―  this winter and next spring
  12. (literary) tomorrow
  13. (あさ) Ming dynasty
  14. a surname, listed as #111 on the Baijiaxing
  15. (はは) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of あきら (MC mjaeng)

See also

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Dynasties (朝代あさよ) in Chinese history
Name Time period Divisions
Xia
なつ (あさ, だい)
2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
しょう (あさ, だい)
いん (あさ, だい)
1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
しゅう (あさ, だい)
1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西にしあまね
Eastern Zhou
あずまあまね东周
Spring and Autumn period
春秋しゅんじゅう
Warring States period
戰國せんごく战国
Qin
はた (あさ, だい)
221 – 206 BCE
Han
かん (あさ, だい)
206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西にしかん西にし
Xin
しん (あさ)
Eastern Han
ひがしかん东汉
Three Kingdoms
さんこくさんこく
220 – 280 C.E. Wei
たかし
Shu Han
しょくかんしょく
Wu
Jin
すすむすすむ (あさ, だい)
265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西にしすすむ西にしすすむ
Eastern Jin
あずますすむ东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北なんぼくあさ
420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝ほくちょう
Northern Wei
きたたかし
Western Wei
西にしたかし
Eastern Wei
あずまたかし东魏
Northern Zhou
きたあまね
Northern Qi
きたひとしきた
Southern dynasties
南朝なんちょう
Liu Song
りゅうそう刘宋
Southern Qi
みなみひとしみなみ
Liang
りょう (あさ, だい)
Chen
ひね (あさ, だい)
Sui
ずい (あさ, だい)
581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
とう (あさ, だい)
618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
だいじゅうこくだいじゅうこく
907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
りょう (あさ, だい)
907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
そう (あさ, だい)
960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
きたそう
Southern Song
みなみそう
Western Xia
西にしなつ
1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
きむ (あさ, だい)
1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西にしりょう西にし
1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
もと (あさ, だい)
1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
あきら (あさ, だい)
1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
きよし (あさ, だい)
1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (あきら):

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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あきら

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
あきら
めい
Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese あきら (MC mjaeng).

Affix

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あきら(めい) (mei

  1. bright, brightening
  2. clarifying, understanding
  3. brighten, enlighten
  4. open to the world
  5. deity, god
Derived terms
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Noun

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あきら(めい) (mei

  1. brightness
  2. insight
  3. eyesight, vision

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
あきら
みょう
Grade: 2
goon

/mʲau//mʲɔː//mʲoː/

From Middle Chinese あきら (MC mjaeng).

The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, knowledge, wisdom).[1]

Affix

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あきら(みょう) (myōみやう (myau)?

  1. bright
  2. light, lamp
  3. clarifying
  4. passing to the next in time
  5. graceful, respectful
  6. (Buddhism) passing of knowledge, scholarship, or study
Derived terms
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Noun

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あきら(みょう) (myōみやう (myau)?

  1. (Buddhism) knowledge or wisdom that dispels the darkness of ignorance and brings to the realization of truth; enlightenment
  2. (Buddhism) an esoteric mantra

Adnominal

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あきら(みょう) (myōみやう (myau)?

  1. this coming...

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
あきら
みん
Grade: 2
tōon
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Mandarin あきら (míng).

Proper noun

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あきら(みん) (Min

  1. the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
あきら
さや
Grade: 2
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of あきら – see the following entry.
きよしさや4
[adverb] brightly, clearly, vividly
[adverb] cleanly, freshly, purely
[adverb] rustlingly
[proper noun] a female given name
(This term, あきら, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
あきら
あき(ら)
Grade: 2
nanori

Nominalization of the stem of adjective あきらか (akiraka, clear, visible).

Proper noun

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あきら(あきら) (Akira

  1. a male given name

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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あきら (eumhun 밝을 (balgeul myeong))

  1. hanja form? of (bright)

Kunigami

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Kanji

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あきら

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Miyako

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Kanji

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あきら

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Okinawan

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Kanji

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あきら

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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あきら: Hán Việt readings: minh (まゆ(mi)へい(binh)きり(thiết))[1][2][3]
あきら: Nôm readings: mừng[1][2][3][4][5], minh[2][5], mầng[2][5], miêng[3][5], mênh[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of minh (bright; clear).
  2. chữ Hán form of Minh (given name).
  3. Nôm form of mừng.

Compounds

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References

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Yaeyama

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Kanji

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あきら

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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あきら

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)