明白めいはく

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Chinese

[edit]
clear; bright; to understand
clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
 
white; empty; blank
white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous
 
simp. and trad.
(明白めいはく) 		明あきら 白しろ
Literally: “clear and clean”.

Etymology

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Attested in Zhuangzi ("clear and clean"), Chu Ci ("bright and clean"), Mozi ("to be evident, clear"), Tao Te Ching ("to know, to understand").

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 明あきら 白しろ
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 明あきら (4) 並なみ (3)
Final (韻いん) 庚かのえ (111) 陌 (113)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open Open
Division (等ひとし) III II
Fanqie 武たけ兵へい切きり 傍はた陌切きり
Baxter mjaeng baek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mˠiæŋ/ /bˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mᵚiaŋ/ /bᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miaŋ/ /bak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/miajŋ/ /baɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/miɐŋ/ /bɐk̚/
Wang
Li 		/mĭɐŋ/ /bɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mi̯ɐŋ/ /bʱɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		míng bó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ming4 bak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 明あきら 白しろ
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		míng bái
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjæng › ‹ bæk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mraŋ/ /*bˁrak/
English bright white

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 明あきら 白しろ
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9188 207
Phonetic
component 		明あきら 白しろ
Rime
group 		陽ひ 鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		明あきら 白しろ
Old
Chinese 		/*mraŋ/ /*braːɡ/

Verb

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明白めいはく

  1. to understand; to know
    等ひとし你長大ちょうだい就明白めいはく了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    等ひとし你长大就明白めいはく了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Děng nǐ zhǎngdà jiù míngbai le. [Pinyin]
    You'll understand when you grow up.
    我わが講こう的てき話はなし你明白めいはく了りょう嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    我わが讲的てき话你明白めいはく了りょう吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ jiǎng de huà nǐ míngbai le ma? [Pinyin]
    Do you understand what I said?
    你在ざい想そう什麼いんも，我わが心裡しんり全ちょん明白めいはく。 [MSC, trad.]
    你在ざい想そう什么，我わが心こころ里さと全ちょん明白めいはく。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zài xiǎng shénme, wǒ xīnli quán míngbai. [Pinyin]
    I know for sure what you are thinking.

Usage notes

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When used as a verb, 明白めいはく (míngbai) conveys an understanding of a meaning or a situation. To express an ability to understand a language, see 會かい說せつ／会かい说 (huìshuō, “to be able to speak”), 聽懂／听懂 (tīngdǒng, “to understand by listening”) or 看み懂 (kàndǒng, “to understand when reading”).

Synonyms

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Adjective

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明白めいはく

  1. clear; obvious; evident
  2. open; explicit; frank
  3. sensible; reasonable

Synonyms

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  • (clear):
  • (explicit):

See also

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (明白めいはく):
  • → White Hmong: meejpem

    • Japanese

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    明あきら 白しろ
    めい
    Grade: 2     		はく
    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    明あきら(めい)白しろ(はく) • (meihaku) -na (adnominal 明あきら(めい)白しろ(はく)な (meihaku na), adverbial 明あきら(めい)白しろ(はく)に (meihaku ni))

    1. clear, obvious, plain, undeniable
      明白めいはく(めいはく)な安やす(あん)保ほ(ぽ)理り(り)決けつ(けつ)議ぎ(ぎ)違たがえ(い)反はん(はん)だ。
      Meihaku na anporiketsugīhan da.
      It is a clear violation of Security Council resolutions.
    Inflection
    [edit]
    Inflection of 明白めいはく
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然みぜん形がた) 明白めいはくだろ めいはくだろ meihaku daro
    Continuative (連用形れんようけい) 明白めいはくで めいはくで meihaku de
    Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた) 明白めいはくだ めいはくだ meihaku da
    Attributive (連体れんたい形がた) 明白めいはくな めいはくな meihaku na
    Hypothetical (仮定かてい形がた) 明白めいはくなら めいはくなら meihaku nara
    Imperative (命令めいれい形がた) 明白めいはくであれ めいはくであれ meihaku de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 明白めいはくではない
    明白めいはくじゃない         		めいはくではない
    めいはくじゃない         		meihaku de wa nai
    meihaku ja nai
    Informal past 明白めいはくだった めいはくだった meihaku datta
    Informal negative past 明白めいはくではなかった
    明白めいはくじゃなかった         		めいはくではなかった
    めいはくじゃなかった         		meihaku de wa nakatta
    meihaku ja nakatta
    Formal 明白めいはくです めいはくです meihaku desu
    Formal negative 明白めいはくではありません
    明白めいはくじゃありません         		めいはくではありません
    めいはくじゃありません         		meihaku de wa arimasen
    meihaku ja arimasen
    Formal past 明白めいはくでした めいはくでした meihaku deshita
    Formal negative past 明白めいはくではありませんでした
    明白めいはくじゃありませんでした         		めいはくではありませんでした
    めいはくじゃありませんでした         		meihaku de wa arimasen deshita
    meihaku ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 明白めいはくで めいはくで meihaku de
    Conditional 明白めいはくなら（ば） めいはくなら（ば） meihaku nara (ba)
    Provisional 明白めいはくだったら めいはくだったら meihaku dattara
    Volitional 明白めいはくだろう めいはくだろう meihaku darō
    Adverbial 明白めいはくに めいはくに meihaku ni
    Degree 明白めいはくさ めいはくさ meihakusa

    Noun

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    明あきら(めい)白しろ(はく) • (meihaku) 

    1. obviousness, undeniability

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    明あきら 白しろ
    あからさま
    Grade: 2 Grade: 1
    jukujikun
    For pronunciation and definitions of 明白めいはく – see the following entry.
    【あからさま】
    [adjective] open; candid
    Alternative spelling
    明白めいはく地ち
    (This term, 明白めいはく, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.)

    References

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    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新しん明解めいかい国語こくご辞典じてん [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja in this term
    明あきら白しろ

    Root

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    明白めいはく • (myeongbaek) (hangeul 명백)

    1. hanja form? of 명백 (“explicit”)

    Vietnamese

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    chữ Hán Nôm in this term
    明あきら白しろ

    Adjective

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    明白めいはく

    1. chữ Hán form of minh bạch.
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