清楚
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Chinese
[edit]clear; distinct; complete clear; distinct; complete; pure |
distinct; clear; orderly distinct; clear; orderly; pain; suffering; ancient place name; surname | ||
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trad. ( |
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simp. #( |
Etymology
[edit](pure; innocent): Orthographic borrowing from Japanese
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cing1 co2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhîn-chhú
- Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng-chū
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-chhó / chheng-chhó͘
- (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng1 co2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ˙ㄔㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cingchů
- Wade–Giles: chʻing1-chʻu5
- Yale: chīng-chu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ching.chu
- Palladius: цинчу (cinču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cingchǔ
- Wade–Giles: chʻing1-chʻu3
- Yale: chīng-chǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingchuu
- Palladius: цинчу (cinču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cing1 co2
- Yale: chīng chó
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsing1 tso2
- Guangdong Romanization: qing1 co2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-chhú
- Hakka Romanization System: qin´ cu`
- Hagfa Pinyim: qin1 cu3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴ t͡sʰu³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng-chū
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (t͡sʰ-)ʒu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-chhó
- Tâi-lô: tshing-tshó
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhengzhoir
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɤ⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰo⁵³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-chhó͘
- Tâi-lô: tshing-tshóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhengzhor
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰeŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔ⁴²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cêng1 co2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheng tshó
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰo⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Adjective
[edit]- clear; lucid
- clear (about a matter); unambiguous
- plain; distinct; obvious
- (obsolete or Eastern Min) tidy; neat; refined
- (ACG, neologism, of a person) pure; innocent
Usage notes
[edit]- Used often in a figurative sense (e.g. to be clear on a matter), rather than in a literal sense. For the literal clear (e.g. clear water), see
清 澈 (qīngchè).
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]Adverb
[edit]- clearly
- until a matter is clear (making sense, unambiguous, etc.)
Verb
[edit]- to understand; to know; to comprehend
Synonyms
[edit]了解 (liǎojiě)- 佔有/
占有 (zhànyǒu) 分 曉 /分 晓 (fēnxiǎo)參 悟 /参 悟 (cānwù)悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)- 懂 (dǒng)
- 懂得 (dǒngde)
打 生 (Wenzhounese)把握 (bǎwò)掌握 (zhǎngwò)明 (ming4) (Cantonese)明白 明瞭 /明 了 (míngliǎo)曉 得 /晓得 (xiǎode)會 悟 /会 悟 (huìwù) (literary)洞 悉 (dòngxī)清 亮 (mainland China)熟 似 (Hokkien)熟 悉 (shúxī)熟 稔 (shúrěn) (literary)熟 識/熟 识 (shúshí)理會 /理会 (lǐhuì)理解 (lǐjiě)瞭 悟 /了 悟 (liǎowù) (literary)知 影 (Hokkien, Teochew)知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)知 曉 /知 晓 (zhīxiǎo)知識 /知 识 (zhīshí) (literary)知道 覺 /觉覺悟 /觉悟 (juéwù)覺醒 /觉醒 (juéxǐng)認識 /认识- 諳曉/谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
- 諳達/谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通 /贯通 (guàntōng)通曉 /通 晓 (tōngxiǎo)通 解 (tōngjiě) (literary)通達 /通 达 (tōngdá)達 /达 (literary, or in compounds)- 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
開 悟 /开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)領 悟 /领悟 (lǐngwù)領會 /领会 (lǐnghuì)領 略 /领略 (lǐnglüè)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #50095”, in
臺灣 閩南語 常用 詞 辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
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せい Grade: 4 |
そ Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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Adjective
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 清楚
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective ( |
せいそだろ | seiso daro | |
Continuative ( |
せいそで | seiso de | |
Terminal ( |
せいそだ | seiso da | |
Attributive ( |
せいそな | seiso na | |
Hypothetical ( |
せいそなら | seiso nara | |
Imperative ( |
せいそであれ | seiso de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | せいそではない せいそじゃない |
seiso de wa nai seiso ja nai | |
Informal past | せいそだった | seiso datta | |
Informal negative past | せいそではなかった せいそじゃなかった |
seiso de wa nakatta seiso ja nakatta | |
Formal | せいそです | seiso desu | |
Formal negative | せいそではありません せいそじゃありません |
seiso de wa arimasen seiso ja arimasen | |
Formal past | せいそでした | seiso deshita | |
Formal negative past | せいそではありませんでした せいそじゃありませんでした |
seiso de wa arimasen deshita seiso ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | せいそで | seiso de | |
Conditional | せいそなら(ば) | seiso nara (ba) | |
Provisional | せいそだったら | seiso dattara | |
Volitional | せいそだろう | seiso darō | |
Adverbial | せいそに | seiso ni | |
Degree | せいそさ | seisosa |
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998),
広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN - Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002),
明鏡 国語 辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN - 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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楚 read as そ - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
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