句く

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See also: 可か, 旬しゅん, and 勾
句く U+53E5, 句
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E5
← 古ふる
[U+53E4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 另 →
[U+53E6]
句 U+F906, 句
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F906
← 串
[U+F905] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 龜 →
[U+F907]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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句く (Kangxi radical 30, 口くち+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 心しん口こう (PR), four-corner 27620, composition ⿹勹口くち)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №51

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 171, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 382, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 571, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53E5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 句く
alternative forms 勾
𠯶
𤖮

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 句く
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (句く) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤かぎ *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句く *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗いぬ *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘かかわ *ko
駒こま *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo) : semantic 丩 (“to entangle”) + phonetic 口くち (OC *kʰoːʔ), which may represent the tip of a big nail.

The 丩 component, originally two entangled ropes, now resembles the unrelated 勹.

Pronunciation 1

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 句く
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕy²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕy¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕy¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕy⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕy³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ki⁵³/
Taoyuan /ki⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /køy³³/
Nanning /ky³³/
Hong Kong /køy³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ku²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɔ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ky³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ku²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ku³⁵/
Rime
Character 句く
Reading # 3/4
Initial (聲こえ) 見み (28)
Final (韻いん) 虞おそれ (24)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Closed
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 九きゅう遇ぐう切きり
Baxter kjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kioH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kuə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/kioH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		geoi3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句く
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k](r)o-s/
English phrase

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句く
Reading # 3/4
No. 7102
Phonetic
component 		句く
Rime
group 		侯ほう
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		屨
Old
Chinese 		/*kos/
Notes 朱しゅ駿しゅん聲こえ從したがえ丩口くち聲こえ

Definitions

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句く

  1. sentence; phrase
  2. Classifier for sentences.
    他た一いち共ども也沒ぼつ說せつ幾いく句く話はなし。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た一いち共ども也没ぼつ说几句く话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yīgòng yě méi shuō jǐ jù huà. [Pinyin]
    He didn't say much. [lit. He didn't say many sentences.]
    一いち句く「多謝たしゃ」都と冇 [Cantonese, trad.]
    一いち句く「多た谢」都と冇 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jat1 geoi3 “do1 ze6” dou1 mou5 [Jyutping]
    without even a word of "thank you"
  3. (Cantonese; formal in Hong Kong) Classifier for hours.
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 句く
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲こえ) 見み (28)
Final (韻いん) 侯ほう (137)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 古ふる侯ほう切きり
Baxter kuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəw/
Li
Rong 		/ku/
Wang
Li 		/kəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句く
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁ(r)o/
English curved

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句く
Reading # 1/4
No. 7064
Phonetic
component 		句く
Rime
group 		侯ほう
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鉤かぎ
Old
Chinese 		/*koː/

Definitions

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句く

  1. † to bend; to curve
  2. † Alternative form of 鉤かぎ／钩 (gōu, “hook”)
  3. † to be polite and modest
  4. † to arrest; to capture
  5. † to examine
  6. (historical geometry) Alternative form of 勾 (“the shorter leg of a right triangle”)
  7. a surname
Coordinate terms
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Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Rime
Character 句く
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲こえ) 見み (28)
Final (韻いん) 侯ほう (137)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 古ふる候こう切きり
Baxter kuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwH/
Li
Rong 		/kuH/
Wang
Li 		/kəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句く
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁ(r)ok-s/
English loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句く
Reading # 2/4
No. 7079
Phonetic
component 		句く
Rime
group 		侯ほう
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		遘
Old
Chinese 		/*koːs/

Definitions

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句く

  1. Used in 句く當とう／句く当とう, alternative form of 勾當こうとう／勾当こうとう
  2. † Alternative form of 彀 (gòu, “to draw a bow”)
  3. a surname

Pronunciation 4

[edit]
Rime
Character 句く
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲こえ) 群ぐん (30)
Final (韻いん) 虞おそれ (24)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Closed
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 其俱切きり
Baxter gju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/guə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ɡio/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		keoi4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句く
Reading # 4/4
No. 7108
Phonetic
component 		句く
Rime
group 		侯ほう
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		衢
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡo/

Definitions

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句く

  1. † Alternative form of 絇／𰬆 (jù, “a kind of shoe ornament or decoration”)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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句く

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: く (ku, Jōyō)、こう (kō)
  • Nanori: すく (suku)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
句く
く
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 句く (kjuH, “phrase”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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句く(く) • (ku) 

  1. a short section from a longer text:
    1. a phrase or clause
    2. a sentence or line
    3. a passage or paragraph
    4. a verse from a song
    5. a stanza from a poem

Counter

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句く(く) • (-ku) 

  1. counter for stanzas from a poem or for haiku

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

句く (eumhun 글귀 구 (geulgwi gu))

  1. hanja form? of 구 (“sentence; phrase”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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句く: Hán Việt readings: câu[1][2][3], cú[1][2][4][3], cấu[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of câu (“sentence, expression, line”).
  2. chữ Hán form of cú (“sentence, expression, line”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Thiều Chửu (1942).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn (1974).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (1999).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
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