從したがえ

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See also: 从 and 従したがえ
從したがえ U+5F9E, 從
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F9E
← 徝
[U+5F9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徟 →
[U+5F9F]

Translingual

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Traditional 從したがえ
Shinjitai 従したがえ
Simplified 从

Han character

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從したがえ (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹たけ人人ひとびと人人ひとびと (HOOOO), four-corner 28281, composition ⿰彳⿱从龰)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 368, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10152
  • Dae Jaweon: page 692, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 829, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5F9E

Chinese

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trad. 從したがえ
simp. 从*
alternative forms 从
𠚪
従したがえ
𬽡

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 從したがえ
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (从) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
摐 *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ
鏦 *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloŋ
豵 *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloŋ
嵸 *ʔsloːŋ, *ʔsloːŋʔ
蓯 *ʔsloːŋʔ
蹤 *ʔsloŋ
縱たて *ʔsloŋ, *ʔsloŋs
樅もみ *ʔsloŋ, *sʰloŋ
磫 *ʔsloŋ
熧 *ʔsloŋ
瘲 *ʔsloŋs
暰 *sʰloŋ
瑽 *sʰloŋ
從したがえ *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs
从 *zloŋ
慫 *sloŋʔ
聳そびえ *sloŋʔ
傱 *sloŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 辵 (“walk”) + 从 (“follow”).

Etymology 1

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Etymology not certain. Perhaps cognate with Tibetan རྫོང་བ (rdzong ba, “to dispatch; to dismiss”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, compare Tibetan སྟོངས་པ (stongs pa, “to accompany”), or perhaps 送おく (OC *sloːŋs, “to escort; to send”).

Pronunciation 2 is a derivation of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1

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Note: chêng, chn̂g - vernacular, chiông - literary.
Rime
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲こえ) 從したがえ (15)
Final (韻いん) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 疾やまし容よう切きり
Baxter dzjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zuawŋ/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zioŋ/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzjowng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]oŋ/
English to follow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 2/3
No. 1858
Phonetic
component 		从
Rime
group 		東ひがし
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		從したがえ
Old
Chinese 		/*zloŋ/
Definitions
[edit]

從したがえ

  1. to follow; to come after
    盲めくら從したがえ／盲めくら从  ―  mángcóng  ―  to follow blindly
    從したがえ師し／从师  ―  cóngshī  ―  to follow a teacher and learn from him/her
  2. to comply with; to submit to
    順じゅん從したがえ／顺从  ―  shùncóng  ―  to submit to; to yield to; to obey
    差さ點てん就從したがえ了りょう他た了りょう！ [MSC, trad.]
    差さ点てん就从了りょう他た了りょう！ [MSC, simp.]
    Chādiǎn jiù cóng le tā le! [Pinyin]
    (I) nearly gave in to him (and became his girlfriend). (slang)
  3. to follow the principle of
    從したがえ寬ひろし處理しょり／从宽处理  ―  cóngkuān chùlǐ  ―  to treat leniently
  4. to join; to be engaged in
    從したがえ軍ぐん／从军  ―  cóngjūn  ―  to join the army
  5. from (a place or time); since
    他た從したがえ中國ちゅうごく來き。／他た从中国ちゅうごく来き。  ―  Tā cóng zhōngguó lái.  ―  He comes from China.
    火ひ車しゃ從したがえ隧道すいどう裡うら出來でき。 [MSC, trad.]
    火ひ车从隧道すいどう里さと出来でき。 [MSC, simp.]
    Huǒchē cóng suìdào lǐ chūlái. [Pinyin]
    The train comes out of the tunnel.
    你是これ從したがえ哪個こ國家こっか來き的てき？ [MSC, trad.]
    你是これ从哪个国家こっか来き的てき？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ shì cóng nǎ ge guójiā lái de? [Pinyin]
    Where are you from? (Which country are you from?)
    我わが們只ただ能のう從したがえ我わが們的てき錯誤さくご中なか學習がくしゅう。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが们只ただ能のう从我わが们的てき错误中なか学がく习。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen zhǐ néng cóng wǒmen de cuòwù zhōng xuéxí. [Pinyin]
    We can learn only from our mistakes.
    這家いえ店みせ從したがえ早はや上じょう9點てん開ひらく到いた晚ばん上じょう6點てん。 [MSC, trad.]
    这家いえ店みせ从早はや上じょう9点てん开到いた晚ばん上じょう6点てん。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiā diàn cóng zǎoshàng 9 diǎn kāi dào wǎnshàng 6 diǎn. [Pinyin]
    This shop is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    我わが們從したがえ小學しょうがく三さん年とし級きゅう就是朋友ほうゆう了りょう。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが们从小学しょうがく三さん年とし级就是朋友ほうゆう了りょう。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen cóng xiǎoxué sān niánjí jiùshì péngyǒu le. [Pinyin]
    We have been friends since the third grade.
  6. through; via; by
    一いち陣じん清風せいふう從したがえ窗まど口こう吹來き。 [MSC, trad.]
    一いち阵清きよし风从窗まど口こう吹来き。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yī zhèn qīngfēng cóng chuāngkǒu chuī lái. [Pinyin]
    A cool breeze came in through the window.
    我わが每まい天てん都と從したがえ郵局經過けいか。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが每まい天てん都と从邮局经过。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ měi tiān dōu cóng yóujú jīngguò. [Pinyin]
    I go past the post-office every day.
  7. from; according to
    從したがえ目前もくぜん來き看み／从目前もくぜん来き看み  ―  cóng mùqián lái kàn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  8. (followed by negative) never; ever
    我わが以前いぜん從したがえ沒ぼつ見み過か她。 [MSC, trad.]
    我わが以前いぜん从没见过她。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yǐqián cóngméi jiàn guò tā. [Pinyin]
    I have never seen her before
    我わが從したがえ不ふ違約いやく。／我わが从不违约。  ―  Wǒ cóngbù wéiyuē.  ―  I never break my promise.
  9. 19th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "following" (𝌘)
  10. a surname
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲こえ) 從したがえ (15)
Final (韻いん) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 疾やまし用よう切きり
Baxter dzjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zuawŋH/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zioŋH/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zòng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzjowngH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]oŋ-s/
English follower

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 3/3
No. 1859
Phonetic
component 		从
Rime
group 		東ひがし
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		從したがえ
Old
Chinese 		/*zloŋs/
Definitions
[edit]

從したがえ

  1. (of relatives) paternal (with the same surname)
    從したがえ兄あに／从兄あに  ―  cóngxiōng  ―  paternal male cousin elder than oneself with the same surname
  2. auxiliary; subsidiary
    從したがえ屬ぞく／从属ぞく  ―  cóngshǔ  ―  subordinate
  3. follower; attendant; entourage
    侍さむらい從したがえ／侍さむらい从  ―  shìcóng  ―  attendant
Compounds
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Descendants
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  • → Korean: 종 (jong, “servant; slave”)

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note: literary reading.
Rime
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲こえ) 清きよし (14)
Final (韻いん) 鍾 (7)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 七なな恭きょう切きり
Baxter tshjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰɨoŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰioŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰioŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰuawŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰioŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭwoŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯woŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cung1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 1/3
No. 1856
Phonetic
component 		从
Rime
group 		東ひがし
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		樅もみ
Old
Chinese 		/*zloŋ/

Definitions

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從したがえ

  1. Only used in 從容しょうよう／从容 (cóngróng, “calm; at ease”).

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 從したがえ
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zōng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjowng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsoŋ/
English longitudinal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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從したがえ

  1. † Alternative form of 縱たて／纵 (“straight; vertical”)
  2. † Alternative form of 縱たて／纵 (“to give free reign to”)

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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從したがえ

  1. † Alternative form of 蹤／踪 (zōng)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

従したがえ

Kyūjitai

從したがえ

Kanji

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從したがえ

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 従したがえ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 從したがえ (MC dzjowng).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ (Yale: ccyòng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國とうごく正せい韻いん / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵 Recorded as Middle Korean 죵 (cyong) (Yale: cyong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新しん增ぞう類るい合あい / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻いん) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 조ᄎᆞᆯ 죵 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解ちゅうかい千せん字じ文ぶん / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

從したがえ (eumhun 좇을 종 (jocheul jong))

  1. Hanja form? of 종 (“to follow; to pursue”).
  2. Hanja form? of 종 (“to obey; to comply”).
  3. Hanja form? of 종 (“from; since”).

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 從したがえ (MC dzjowngH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 쬬ᇰ〮 (Yale: ccyóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國とうごく正せい韻いん / 동국정운), 1448.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻いん) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 결ᄂᆡ 죵 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 죵 (Yale: cyong) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解ちゅうかい千せん字じ文ぶん / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [종(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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從したがえ (eum 종 (jong))

  1. Hanja form? of 종 (“prefix indicating cousinhood”).
    Synonym: 堂どう (당 (dang))

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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從したがえ: Hán Nôm readings: tòng, tùng, thủng, tuồng, thong, thung, thùng, tồng, tụng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

[edit]
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