よう

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See also:
よう U+7528, 用
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7528

[U+7527]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7529]
U+2F64, ⽤
KANGXI RADICAL USE

[U+2F63]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F65]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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よう (Kangxi radical 101, よう+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input つきしゅ (BQ), four-corner 77220, composition 𰀁 or つき)

  1. Kangxi radical #101, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 755, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21703
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1166, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 97, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7528

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
よう
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character よう
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) : a water bucket. Compare おけ. Similar but unrelated to , which represents a bronze bell, and かく, which represents a horn.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *z(j)um ~ *zuŋ, provisionally set up by STEDT. Cognates to やとい (OC loŋ) and いさお (OC loŋ), outside Sinitic, Southern Bai zv³¹ (to use) Burmese သုံး (sum:, to use), Ersu zi⁵⁵ (to use), Nuosu (ssi, to use), Pa'o Karen [script needed] (sūŋ, to use).

Sun (1999) and Schuessler (2007) consider this word a cognate to Tibetan ལོངས (longs, use)

Pronunciation

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Note:
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • ēng - vernacular;
    • iōng - literary.
  • Penang:
    • iōng - vernacular.
Note:
  • iong5 - vernacular;
  • iong1 - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location よう
    Mandarin Beijing /yŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /yŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ʐuŋ⁵³/
    /yŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /yŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /yuŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /yŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /yə̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /yŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /ỹn¹³/
    Ürümqi /yŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ioŋ³⁵/
    Chengdu /yoŋ¹³/
    Guiyang /ioŋ²¹³/
    Kunming /ioŋ¹/
    Nanjing /ioŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /iŋ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /yŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
    Suzhou /ioŋ⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
    Wenzhou /jyɔ²²/
    Hui Shexian /yʌ̃²²/
    Tunxi /in¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ioŋ⁵⁵/
    /ioŋ¹¹/
    Xiangtan /in²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /iuŋ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /iuŋ⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /joŋ²²/
    Nanning /juŋ²²/
    Hong Kong /juŋ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔŋ²²/
    /iŋ²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /øyŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /eŋ³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zoŋ³³/

    Rime
    Character よう
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (こえ) (36)
    Final (いん) (7)
    Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
    Openness (ひらきあい) Open
    Division (ひとし) III
    Fanqie きり
    Baxter yowngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /jɨoŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /jioŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ioŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /juawŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ioŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /jĭwoŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /i̯woŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yòng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jung6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character よう
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    yòng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ yowngH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*loŋ-s/
    English use (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character よう
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15460
    Phonetic
    component
    よう
    Rime
    group
    ひがし
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    よう
    Old
    Chinese
    /*loŋs/

    Definitions

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    よう

    1. to use; to employ; to operate
      かいかいよう電腦でんのう [MSC, trad.]
      かいかいよう电脑 [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ huì bù huì yòng diànnǎo? [Pinyin]
      Can you use a computer?
      わがよう海綿かいめんみず [MSC, trad.]
      わがよううみみず [MSC, simp.]
      yòng hǎimián lái xī shuǐ. [Pinyin]
      I used a sponge to draw the water.
    2. use; utility; usefulness
      ゆうよう  ―  yǒuyòng  ―  useful
      ぼつようぼつよう  ―  méiyòng  ―  useless
    3. (honorific) to eat; to drink
      これかつちゃてき時間じかんよういちはいちゃ [MSC, trad.]
      これかつちゃてき时间よういちはいちゃ [MSC, simp.]
      Shì hē chá de shíjiān la, qǐng yòng yī bēi chá ba! [Pinyin]
      It is tea time. Please have a cup of tea!
    4. expenses; outlay
      ようよう  ―  fèiyòng  ―  cost, expense
      よう  ―  yòng  ―  expense
      いえよう  ―  jiāyòng  ―  family expenses
    5. with; by; using
      ようまたども東西とうざいようまたども东西  ―  yòng chāzi chī dōngxi  ―  to eat with a fork
      わがよう筷子どもめしわがよう筷子ども  ―  yòng kuàizǐ chīfàn.  ―  I eat food with chopsticks.
      わがようしめ抹布こす桌子 [MSC, trad.]
      わがよう湿しめ抹布こす桌子 [MSC, simp.]
      yòng shī mǒbù cā zhuōzǐ. [Pinyin]
      I wash the table with a wet cloth.
      わがろうようせい稱呼しょうこわが [MSC, trad.]
      わがろういたようせい称呼しょうこわが [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ lǎobǎn yòng xìng chēnghū wǒ. [Pinyin]
      My boss calls me by my last name.
    6. (chiefly used in the negative or interrogative) to need
      ようきゅう慢慢 [MSC, trad.]
      ようきゅう慢慢 [MSC, simp.]
      yòng jí, mànmān lái. [Pinyin]
      No need to hurry. Please take it easy.
    7. (literary) therefore
    8. (obsolete) because of; due to; because
    9. a surname

    Synonyms

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    • (to use):
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    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (よう):
    • Japanese: よう(よう) ()
    • Korean: 용(よう) (yong)
    • Vietnamese: dụng (よう)

    Others:

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    よう

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Usage notes

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    Formerly used as man'yōgana for the back-vowel variant (かぶとるい) of , romanized as yo1.

    Noun

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    よう(よう) (

    1. use (noun)
      こと()ごう(ぎょう)よう(よう)きょう(きょう)している()さん(さん)
      jigyō no ni kyō shite iru shisan
      assets provided for business use
    2. a task, business, an errand
      いま(こん)ばん(ばん)よう(よう)あるから()かける
      Konban ga aru kara dekakeru.
      I'll be out this evening because I have an errand.

    Suffix

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    よう(よう) (-yō

    1. for the use of, for the purpose of, in case of
      いえ()にわ(てい)よう(よう)いし(せっ)(けん)(さん)()よう(よう)ブーツ非常ひじょう(ひじょう)よう(よう)
      katei sekken, sanpo no būtsu, hijō
      soap for household use, boots for [the purpose of] walking, in case of emergency

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese よう (MC yowngH). Recorded as Middle Korean (yong) (Yale: yong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (しんぞうるいあい / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jo(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    よう (eumhun (sseul yong))

    1. hanja form? of (use)

    Compounds

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    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    よう: Hán Nôm readings: dụng, dùng, giùm, rùng, dộng, đụng, giùng, rụng, vùng

    1. to use
    2. to eat or drink