使
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See also: 便
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 573
- Dae Jaweon: page 213, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 145, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4F7F
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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alternative forms | 駛/驶 (sai2; Cantonese “need”) 駛/驶 (sái; Hokkien “to fuck”) |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): si2
- Eastern Min (BUC): sāi / sṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
- Wade–Giles: shih3
- Yale: shř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sai2 / si2
- Yale: sái / sí
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai2 / si2
- Guangdong Romanization: sei2 / xi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³⁵/, /siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- sai2 - vernacular;
- si2 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: soi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sᵘɔi⁵⁵/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: sii`
- Hagfa Pinyim: si3
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sāi / sṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /sai³³/, /sy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sāi - vernacular;
- sṳ̄ - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sái
- Tâi-lô: sái
- Phofsit Daibuun: sae
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sai⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sai⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
- Tâi-lô: sú
- Phofsit Daibuun: suo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sír
- Tâi-lô: sír
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note:
- Middle Chinese: sriX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*srɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]- to order (somebody to do something); to send (somebody)
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yè, Zhèng bó shǐ Jì Zú láo wáng, qiě wèn zuǒyòu. [Pinyin]
- At night [the earl of Zheng] sent Zu of Zhai to comfort the king, and to ask after the welfare of his officers.
夜 ,鄭 伯 使 祭 足 勞 王 ,且問 左右 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]夜 ,郑伯 使 祭 足 劳王 ,且问左右 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 其
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qí shíkè sānqiān rén, yìrù bù zúyǐ fèng kè, shǐ rén chūqián yú Xuē. [Pinyin]
- He had 3000 retainers, and the income from his fief was not enough to support his retainers. Thus, he dispatched people to provide loans in Xue.
食客 三 千 人 ,邑入不 足 以奉 客 ,使 人 出錢 於薛。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
其食客 三 千 人 ,邑入不 足 以奉 客 ,使 人 出 钱于薛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to put (people) to work
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jiéyòng ér ài rén, shǐ mín yǐ shí. [Pinyin]
- Economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.
節用 而愛 人 ,使 民 以時 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
节用而爱人 ,使 民 以时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to let; to make; to cause to
- From: 227,
諸 葛 亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang),前出 師表 (Former Chu Shi Biao) - Yú yǐwèi yíng zhōng zhī shì, xī yǐ zī zhī, bì néng shǐ xíngzhèn hémù, yōuliè dé suǒ. [Pinyin]
- I think he should be consulted on all military affairs. This can certainly make the troops harmonious and put the good and the bad in their proper places.
愚 以爲營中 之 事 ,悉以咨之 ,必能 使 行 陣 和睦 ,優劣 得 所 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]愚 以为营中 之 事 ,悉以咨之 ,必能 使 行 阵和睦 ,优劣得 所 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: 227,
- 2021 July 14,
周 忠和 ,武 向平 ,王 挺 , “推动科学 素 质建设迈上 新台 阶”, in People's Daily, page 5:- Kēxuéjīngshén shì shǐ rén bǎituō yúmèi mángmù de yǒuxiào wǔqì, shì tuīdòng shèhuì jìnbù de qiángdà lìliàng. [Pinyin]
- The scientific spirit is an effective weapon that makes people cast off ignorance and blind beliefs. It is a strong force that drives forward the progress of society.
科學 精神 是 使 人 擺脫愚昧 盲目 的 有效 武器 ,是 推動社會 進步 的 強大 力量 。 [MSC, trad.]科学 精神 是 使 人 摆脱愚昧 盲目 的 有效 武器 ,是 推动社会 进步的 强大 力量 。 [MSC, simp.]
- to use; to employ
- From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
- Sǎosao, jiè shànzi wǒ shǐ shǐ. [Pinyin]
- Sister, lend the fan to me.
嫂 嫂 ,借 扇子 我 使 使 。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- to play; to play with; to resort to; to dally with
使 心眼 ― shǐ xīnyǎn ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- to indulge
使 性 子 ― shǐ xìngzi ― to get angry; to lose one's temper
- (literary) if
- (Cantonese, always negated or interrogative) need to [do something]; have to
- (Cantonese, always negated or interrogative) need [something]; require; want strongly
- (Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien, vulgar) to fuck
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | ||
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | |
Malaysia | ||
Singapore | ||
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | |
Wuhan | ||
Guilin | ||
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | |
Hefei | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
Hong Kong | ||
Yangjiang | ||
Singapore (Guangfu) | ||
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | |
Jin | Taiyuan | |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | |
Penang (Hokkien) | ||
Singapore (Hokkien) | ||
Chaozhou | ||
Singapore (Teochew) | ||
Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | |
Wu | Suzhou | |
Wenzhou | ||
Xiang | Changsha | |
Shuangfeng |
- (if):
- (Cantonese) (need):
需要 (xūyào) - (to fuck):
Compounds
[edit]不 中 使 不 聽使/不 听使不 聽使喚/不 听使唤中 使 主 使 (zhǔshǐ)主 使者 任 賢 使 能 /任 贤使能 但 使 使 不 得 使 乖使 乜使令 (shǐlìng)使 低 嘴 使 勁/使 劲 (shǐjìn)使 動 /使 动 (shǐdòng)使 君子 (shǐjūnzǐ)使 喚/使 唤 (shǐhuàn)使 嘴 使 舌 使 壞/使 坏 (shǐhuài)使 女 (shǐnǚ)使 巧 兒 /使 巧 儿使 得 (shǐde)使 心 作 倖/使 心 作 幸 使 心 用 腹 使 心眼 兒 /使 心眼 儿使 性 地 (sái-sìng-tē) (Min Nan)使 性 子 (shǐ xìngzi)使 數 /使 数 使 氣 /使 气 (shǐqì)使 然 (shǐrán)使用 (shǐyòng)使用 借 貸 /使用 借 贷使用 權 /使用 权 (shǐyòngquán)使用 率 使用 錢 /使用 钱使 眼 色 (shǐ yǎnsè)使 絆 兒 /使 绊儿 (shǐ bànr)使 絆 子 /使 绊子 (shǐ bànzi)使 羊 將 狼 /使 羊 将 狼 使 脾氣/使 脾气使 臂 使 指 使 蚊 負 山 /使 蚊 负山使 貪 使 愚 /使 贪使愚 使 費 /使 费 (shǐfèi)使 酒 (shǐjiǔ)使 錢 /使 钱 (shǐqián)- 促使 (cùshǐ)
- 倘使 (tǎngshǐ)
借 使 借 風 使 船 /借 风使船 假 使 (jiǎshǐ)動 使 /动使占 風 使 帆 即 使 (jíshǐ)向 使 (xiàngshǐ)呼 奴 使 婢- 唆使 (suōshǐ)
- 唔使
- 唔使
客氣 /唔使客 气 - 唔聽
使 /唔听使 - 嗾使 (sǒushǐ)
器 使 (qìshǐ)- 如臂
使 指 (rúbìshǐzhǐ) 官 使 尊 賢 使 能 /尊 贤使能 - 就使
差 使 (chāishǐ)強 使 /强 使 役 使 (yìshǐ)役 使 動物 /役 使 动物指 使 (zhǐshǐ)- 插科
使 砌 支 使 (zhīshǐ)會 使 /会 使 - 𣍐
使 /𫧃使 混合 使用 炙 冰使燥目 使 頤令/目 使 颐令目指 氣 使 /目指 气使相 風 使 帆 /相 风使帆 看 風 使 帆 /看 风使帆 看 風 使 船 /看 风使船 看 風 使 舵 /看 风使舵 (kànfēngshǐduò)祈 使 句 (qíshǐjù)神 差 鬼 使 給 使 /给使縱 使 /纵使 (zòngshǐ)- 致使 (zhìshǐ)
- 致使
動詞 /致使动词 - 舉賢
使 能 /举贤使 能 若 使 (ruòshǐ)行使 (xíngshǐ)見 風 使 帆 /见风使 帆 見 風 使 舵 /见风使 舵 (jiànfēngshǐduò)設 使 /设使 (shèshǐ)負 才 使 氣 /负才使 气迫 使 (pòshǐ)- 逼使
鋪 堂 使 費 /铺堂使 费錢 可 使 鬼 /钱可使 鬼 隨 才 器 使 /随 才 器 使 頤指 氣 使 /颐指气使 (yízhǐqìshǐ)驅使 /驱使 (qūshǐ)鬼 使 神 差
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sái / sé̤ṳ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
- Wade–Giles: shih3
- Yale: shř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, rare variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
- Wade–Giles: shih4
- Yale: shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si3 / si5
- Yale: si / síh
- Cantonese Pinyin: si3 / si5
- Guangdong Romanization: xi3 / xi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː³³/, /siː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: sii`
- Hagfa Pinyim: si3
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sái / sé̤ṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑi²¹³/, /søy²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sái - vernacular;
- sé̤ṳ - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- sài - vernacular;
- sù/sìr - literary.
- Middle Chinese: sriH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rəʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*srɯs/
Definitions
[edit]- to be sent as an envoy
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐhuá shǐ yú Qí, Rǎnzǐ wèi qí mǔ qǐng sù. [Pinyin]
- Zi Hua being employed on a mission to Qi, the disciple Ran requested grain for his mother.
子 華 使 於齊 ,冉子 為 其母 請粟 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]子 华使 于齐,冉子 为其母 请粟 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- envoy; messenger
Compounds
[edit]三 司 使 不 辱 使命 (bùrǔshǐmìng)五 瘟使任 使 使令 (shǐlìng)來 使 /来 使 (láishǐ)使 君 (shǐjūn)使 君 有 婦 /使 君 有 妇使命 (shǐmìng)使命 感 (shǐmìnggǎn)使徒 (shǐtú)使 星 使 犬 (Shǐquǎn)使節 /使 节 (shǐjié)使節 團 /使 节团使者 (shǐzhě)使臣 (shǐchén)使 長 /使 长使 館 /使 馆 (shǐguǎn)信 使 (xìnshǐ)僕 使 /仆使- 內使/
内 使 (nèishǐ) 全權 公使 /全 权公使 公使 (gōngshǐ)公使 團 /公使 团公使館 /公使 馆 (gōngshǐguǎn)出 使 (chūshǐ)- 勾使
- 勾使
鬼 勾欄 使者 /勾栏使者 十 二 使徒 君臣 佐 使 和平 使者 (hépíng shǐzhě)國 使 /国 使 大使 (dàshǐ)大使館 /大使 馆 (dàshǐguǎn)天使 (tiānshǐ)天使 魚 /天使 鱼 (tiānshǐyú)奉 使 密使 (mìshǐ)專 使 /专使 (zhuānshǐ)小使 左 使 差 使 (chāishi)布 政 使 (bùzhèngshǐ)庫 大使 /库大使 廉 使 - 按察
使 (àncháshǐ) 採訪 使 /采 访使- 搪差
使 - 敕使
星 使 樞 密使 /枢 密使 (shūmìshǐ)- 氤氳
大使 /氤氲大使 河 伯 使者 特使 (tèshǐ)番 使 白 差 使 白衣 天使 (báiyī tiānshǐ)監 齋 使者 /监斋使者 - 矜才
使 氣 /矜才使 气 節 使 /节使節度 使 /节度使 (jiédùshǐ)箕 帚之使 結 使 /结使綠 衣 使者 /绿衣使者 (lǜyī shǐzhě)花鳥 使 /花 鸟使草根 大使 行使 (xíngshǐ)親善 大使 /亲善大使 觀察 使 /观察使 護 花 使者 /护花使者 赤 衣 使者 轉 運 使 /转运使 巡 按使巡 迴大使 /巡回 大使 遣唐使 (qiǎntángshǐ)飛鳥 使 /飞鸟使 駐 外 使節 /驻外使 节驛 使 /驿使 (yìshǐ)- 鹺使/鹾使
鹽 運 使 /盐运使 鹽 鐵 使 /盐铁使
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kun: つかう (tsukau,
使 う, Jōyō); しむ (shimu); せしむ (seshimu); しめば (shimeba)
Compounds
[edit]Noun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- “to use; in order to; etc.”
From Middle Chinese
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: sǒ) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448. - Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so)
訓 (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新 增 類 合 / 신증유합), 1576.
- “envoy; messenger”
From Middle Chinese
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: só) in Dongguk Jeongun (
東國 正 韻 / 동국정운), 1448. - Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si)
訓 (Yale: si) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新 增 類 合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 사 (“to use; to employ”)
- hanja form? of 사 (“in order to do”)
- hanja form? of 사 (“envoy; messenger”)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Compounds
[edit]References
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