冉

See also: 冄 and 再さい

冉 U+5189, 冉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5189 ← 冈 [U+5188] CJK Unified Ideographs 冊さつ → [U+518A]

Translingual

Han character

冉 (Kangxi radical 13, 冂+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 土ど月がつ (GB), four-corner 5055₇, composition ⿻冂土ど)

Derived characters

• 呥 㘱 姌 抩 𣲹 𤝫 柟 珃 䏥 畘 聃 袡 舑 蚺 㴂 䤡 䎃 𨚗 𤱣 𪓚 䶲 再さい 苒 爯 𡩋 寗 髯ひげ 㾆 㫋

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 128, character 36
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1514
• Dae Jaweon: page 289, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 99, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5189

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冉
alternative forms		冄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冉
Bronze inscriptions b14467 b14468 b14469 b14470 Small seal script s06884 Transcribed ancient scripts L18787 L18788 L18789 L18790
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (冉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
那な	*naːl, *naːlʔ, *naːls
挪	*naːl
娜	*naːlʔ
柟	*noːm, *njam, *njamʔ
抩	*noːm
聃	*n̥ʰaːm, *n̥ʰaːm
舑	*n̥ʰaːm, *njam
坍	*n̥ʰaːm
髯ひげ	*njam, *njams
蚺	*njam
呥	*njam
冉	*njam, *njamʔ
袡	*njam
苒	*njamʔ
姌	*njamʔ, *neːmʔ

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – uncertain. Possibly depicts hair hanging down (the original form of 髯ひげ) or the edge of a turtle shell (the original form of 𪚮).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rǎn (ran³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiâm
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liám / jiám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): riam²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rǎn
    • Wade–Giles: jan³
    • Yale: rǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raan
    • Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jim⁵
    • Yale: yíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiam´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liám
    • Tâi-lô: liám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liam⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiám
    • Tâi-lô: jiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiarm
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziam⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: riam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziam⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyem, nyemX

Rime
Character	冉	冉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	日ひ (38)	日ひ (38)
Final (韻いん)	鹽しお (153)	鹽しお (153)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	汝なんじ鹽しお切きり	而琰切きり
Baxter	nyem	nyemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiᴇm/	/ȵiᴇmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɛm/	/ȵiɛmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjæm/	/ȵʑjæmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵiam/	/ȵiamX/
Li Rong	/ȵiɛm/	/ȵiɛmX/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭɛm/	/ȵʑĭɛmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ɛm/	/ȵʑi̯ɛmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rán	rǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim4	jim5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njam/, /*njamʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冉	冉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10781	10784
Phonetic component	冉	冉
Rime group	談だん	談だん
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𩓾	冉
Old Chinese	/*njam/	/*njamʔ/

Definitions

冉

1. (archaic) edge of a turtle shell
2. Used in 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn).
3. (obsolete) tender; weak
4. a surname

   冉求もとむ  ―  Rǎn Qiú  ―  Ran Qiu / Jan Ch‘iu (a leading disciple of Confucius)

Compounds

• 公おおやけ冉
• 冉冉 (rǎnrǎn)
• 冉弱 (rǎnruò)
• 冉有
• 冉鐮／冉镰
• 冉魏 (Rǎnwèi)
• 奄冉

 

Japanese

Kanji

冉

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ねん (nen)
• Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
• Kun: よわい (yowai)

Korean

Hanja

冉 (eum 염 (yeom))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

冉: Hán Nôm readings: nhiễm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.