鹽
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | |
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Shinjitai | |
Simplified | 盐 |
Han character
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47579
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2574, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9E7D
Chinese
[edit]trad. | ||
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simp. | 盐 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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*ɡ·raːm | |
襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
*ɡ·raːmʔ | |
爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
*ɡ·raːms | |
*kraːm, *kraːms | |
礛 | *kraːm |
*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms | |
*ɡraːmʔ | |
*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms | |
壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum (“salt”). The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yan2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ян (i͡an, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ie1
- Northern Min (KCR): îng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sièng / ièng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6yi / 2yi / 2ye / 2yen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ienn2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yán
- Wade–Giles: yen2
- Yale: yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yan2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ian
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛn²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ян (i͡an, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /iæ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim4
- Yale: yìhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim4
- Guangdong Romanization: yim4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiam3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiam²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm
- Hakka Romanization System: iamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yam2
- Sinological IPA: /i̯am¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàm
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yam2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯am¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: îng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sièng / ièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieŋ⁵³/, /ieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sièng - vernacular;
- ièng - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- iâm - literary (“salt”);
- sîⁿ - vernacular (“pickled food product; efflorescence”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: iam5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâm
- Sinological IPA (key): /iam⁵⁵/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ienn2
- Sinological IPA (key): /i̯ẽ¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ian³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ian²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ian⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /iã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /iã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ian⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /iã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /iã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ian⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /iɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ian⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /iɛn²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ian³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ian²¹/ | |
Kunming | /iɛ̃³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ien²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /iĩ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ie¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ie̞¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ie³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦi²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦiɪ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ji³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ie⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /iɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /iẽ¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /iẽ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /iɛn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /iam¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒɑm¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jim²¹/ |
Nanning | /jim²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jim²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /iam³⁵/ /sĩ³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sieŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /iam⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /iam³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: yem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢr][o]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·lam/
Definitions
[edit]- salt; salty substance, especially table salt
- (chemistry) salt
- (Southern Min) food product pickled with salt
- (Southern Min) sweat stain; salt efflorescence
- (cryptography) salt
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 鹽 (“(table) salt”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]井 鹽 /井 盐亞 硝酸鹽 /亚硝酸 盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)低 鈉鹽/低 钠盐低 鹽 飲食 /低 盐饮食 - 內鹽/
内 盐 (nèiyán) 再 製鹽 /再 制 盐分 鹽 /分 盐 (Fēnyán)刻 畫 無 鹽 /刻 画 无盐加 碘食鹽 /加 碘食盐加鹽 兒 /加 盐儿吉 鹽 /吉 盐吳 鹽 /吴盐- 埔鹽/埔盐 (Pǔyán)
大鹽 /大 盐 (dàyán)大鹽 湖 /大 盐湖 (Dàyánhú)子 兒 鹽 /子 儿盐官 鹽 /官 盐山 鹽 青 /山 盐青岩鹽 /岩 盐峻 阪 鹽 車 /峻 阪 盐车川 鹽 /川 盐巴 鹽 /巴 盐撮 鹽 入水 /撮 盐入水 撮 鹽入 火 /撮 盐入火 朝 虀暮鹽 /朝 虀暮盐柴 米 油 鹽 /柴 米 油 盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)柴 米 油 鹽 醬醋茶 /柴 米 油 盐酱醋 茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)椒 鹽 /椒 盐 (jiāoyán)- 榷鹽/榷盐
正 鹽 /正 盐水晶 鹽 /水晶 盐池 鹽 /池 盐 (chíyán)沐浴 鹽 /沐浴 盐海水 鹽 /海水 盐海 鹽 /海 盐海 鹽 腔/海 盐腔 (hǎiyánqiāng)- 淩雜
米鹽 /凌 杂米盐 - 淮鹽/淮盐 (huáiyán)
淘 鹽 /淘 盐- 瀉鹽/泻盐
無機 鹽 /无机盐 (wújīyán)煮 海 為 鹽 /煮 海 为盐無 鹽 /无盐 (wúyán)生理 鹽水 /生理 盐水 (shēnglǐ yánshuǐ)- 矽酸
鹽 /矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán) 硫酸 鹽 /硫酸 盐 (liúsuānyán)- 硝鹽/硝盐
- 碳酸氫鹽/碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
- 礦鹽/矿盐
私 鹽 /私 盐 (sīyán)米鹽 /米 盐米鹽 博 辯 /米 盐博辩精 鹽 /精 盐 (jīngyán)脫 鹽 /脱 盐 (tuōyán)- 腳踏
倒 鹽 /脚 踏倒盐 花 馬 鹽 /花 马盐花 鹽 /花 盐苛性 鹽 /苛性 盐- 虀鹽/虀盐
複 鹽 /复盐 (fùyán)- 販鹽
虜 /贩盐虏 赤 血 鹽 /赤 血 盐 (chìxuèyán)- 銨鹽/铵盐 (ǎnyán)
- 鋁鹽/铝盐
青 鹽 /青 盐食鹽 /食 盐 (shíyán)- 驥服
鹽 車 /骥服盐车 鹽井 /盐井鹽分 /盐分 (yánfèn)鹽分 地帶 /盐分地 带鹽 務 /盐务鹽 務 總局 /盐务总局鹽 區 /盐区鹽 商 /盐商 (yánshāng)鹽土 /盐土鹽 坨子/盐坨子 鹽 城 /盐城 (Yánchéng)鹽 埕/盐埕 (yánchéng)鹽 埔/盐埔 (Yánpǔ)鹽基 /盐基 (yánjī)鹽 場 /盐场 (yánchǎng)鹽 墾/盐垦鹽 客 /盐客鹽害 /盐害鹽屋 /盐屋鹽 巴 /盐巴 (yánbā)鹽 度 /盐度 (yándù)鹽引 /盐引鹽 徒 /盐徒鹽 政 /盐政鹽 析作用 /盐析作用 鹽 梟 /盐枭 (yánxiāo)鹽梅 /盐梅鹽 橋 /盐桥 (yánqiáo)鹽水 /盐水 (yánshuǐ)鹽水 蜂 炮/盐水蜂 炮鹽水 選 種 /盐水选种鹽水 針 /盐水针鹽水 飯 /盐水饭鹽池 /盐池 (yánchí)鹽 法 /盐法鹽 泉 /盐泉鹽 法 道 /盐法道 鹽 湖 /盐湖 (yánhú)鹽 湖 城 /盐湖城 (Yánhúchéng)鹽 漏 /盐漏鹽 滷/盐卤 (yánlǔ)鹽 漬 食物 /盐渍食物 鹽 灘 /盐滩鹽生 植物 /盐生植物 鹽田 /盐田 (yántián)鹽田 河 /盐田河 (Yántiánhé)鹽 硝/盐硝鹽 票 /盐票鹽 稅 /盐税鹽 筴/盐策鹽 綱 /盐纲鹽 膚 木 /盐肤木 鹽花 /盐花鹽藏 品 /盐藏品 鹽 課 /盐课鹽 車 /盐车鹽 運 使 /盐运使 鹽 邊 /盐边 (Yánbiān)鹽 酥雞/盐酥鸡 (yánsūjī)鹽酸 /盐酸 (yánsuān)鹽酸 草 /盐酸草 鹽 醬口/盐酱口 鹽 鈔/盐钞鹽 鐵 使 /盐铁使 鹽 鐵 論 /盐铁论 (Yán Tiě Lùn)鹽 霜 /盐霜 (yánshuāng)鹽類 /盐类鹽 餘 /盐余鹽 鹼地/盐碱地 (yánjiǎndì)- 齏鹽/齑盐
Descendants
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. | 盐 | |
alternative forms | 醃/腌 (Wu) |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jim6
- Eastern Min (BUC): siéng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sīⁿ / iām
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6yi / 6yi / 6ye / 6yen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jim6
- Yale: yihm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jim6
- Guangdong Romanization: yim6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːm²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siéng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siɛŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- sīⁿ - vernacular (usually substituted by 豉);
- iām - literary.
- Middle Chinese: yemH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢr][o]m-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·lams/
Definitions
[edit]- (Classical, Min or Wu) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Xiè guì yǔ jiāng yǐ sǎ zhū shàng ér yàn zhī, qián ér shí zhī. [Pinyin]
- [...], sprinkled on it pieces of cinnamon and ginger, and added salt. It could be eaten thus when dried.
屑 桂 與 薑 以灑諸 上 而鹽 之 ,乾 而食 之 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]屑 桂 与 姜 以洒诸上 而盐之 ,干 而食 之 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Eastern Min) to devote oneself to; to invest
- (Southern Min, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication)
- (Ningbonese, of one's body) to be drenched in sweat
- (Ningbonese) to apply soap to; to dab or cover with soap
- † Alternative form of 豔/艳 (yàn, “to envy”)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “
鹽 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit](uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←𛀁ん (yen, ancient)
- Kan-on: えん (en)←えん (en, historical)←𛀁ん (yen, ancient)
- Kun: しお (shio,
鹽 )←しほ (sifo,鹽 , historical)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- (in compounds) salt
Derived terms
[edit]鹽 場 (diêm trường)鹽 業 (diêm nghiệp)鹽 民 (diêm dân)鹽生 (diêm sinh)
References
[edit]Categories:
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