於

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See also: 于
於 U+65BC, 於
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65BC
← 斻
[U+65BB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 施ほどこせ →
[U+65BD]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • The Hong Kong standard form for this character is ⿸𭤨⺀, despite the fact that 於 is not related to 方かた or 㫃 (see below).

Han character

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於 (Kangxi radical 70, 方ほう+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜ぼく尸しかばね人じん卜ぼく (YSOY), four-corner 08233, composition ⿰方ほう仒 (GTJKV) or ⿸𭤨⺀ (H))

Descendants

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Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 481, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13628
  • Dae Jaweon: page 843, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2175, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+65BC

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 於
Western Zhou Warring States Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (於) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
閼 *qran, *qeːn, *qaːd, *qad
菸 *qeːn, *qas
於 *qaː, *qa
淤 *qa, *qas
箊 *qa
唹 *qa
扵 *qa
瘀 *qas
棜 *qas

From an ancient variant form of 烏がらす. Not related to 方ほう or 㫃.

Note the other uses of 于 (yú), the simplified and variant traditional form of the preposition senses.

Etymology 1

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trad. 於/于*
simp. 于*
alternative forms 扵

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly merged with and replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲こえ) 影かげ (34)
Final (韻いん) 魚さかな (22)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 央ひさし居きょ切きり
Baxter 'jo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]a/
English at (locative preposition)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
No. 15812
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚さかな
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		於
Old
Chinese 		/*qa/

Definitions

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於

  1. (indicates time or place) in; at; on
    Synonym: 在ざい
    生せい於1980年とし／生せい于1980年とし  ―  shēng yú 1980 nián  ―  born in 1980
    峰みね會かい將はた於北京ぺきん舉行。 [MSC, trad.]
    峰みね会かい将はた于北京ぺきん举行。 [MSC, simp.]
    Fēnghuì jiāng yú běijīng jǔxíng. [Pinyin]
    The summit will be held in Beijing.
  2. (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on
    求もとめ助すけ於人ひと／求もとめ助すけ于人ひと  ―  qiúzhù yú rén  ―  to ask people for help
    不ふ滿足まんぞく於現狀げんじょう／不ふ满足于现状  ―  bù mǎnzú yú xiànzhuàng  ―  not satisfied with the status quo
    有益ゆうえき於健康けんこう／有益ゆうえき于健康けんこう  ―  yǒuyì yú jiànkāng  ―  good for health
    己おのれ所ところ不ふ欲よく，勿施ほどこせ於人ひと。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    己おのれ所ところ不ふ欲よく，勿施ほどこせ于人ひと。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén. [Pinyin]
    Do not do unto others what you would not like others to do unto yourself.
  3. (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to
    獻身けんしん於革命かくめい事業じぎょう／献身けんしん于革命かくめい事こと业  ―  xiànshēn yú gémìng shìyè  ―  to be devoted to the revolution
    致力於創そう新しん／致力于创新  ―  zhìlì yú chuàngxīn  ―  to be committed to innovation
    病やまい情じょう趨向すうこう於穩定。 [MSC, trad.]
    病やまい情じょう趋向于稳定。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bìngqíng qūxiàng yú wěndìng. [Pinyin]
    The condition [of the patient] is stabilizing.
  4. (indicates beginning or source) from
    源みなもと於／源みなもと于  ―  yuányú  ―  to originate from
    他た畢業於復ふく旦だん大學だいがく。 [MSC, trad.]
    他た毕业于复旦大学だいがく。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bìyè yú Fùdàn Dàxué. [Pinyin]
    He graduated from Fudan University.
  5. (indicates the agent of action) by
    限かぎり於條件じょうけん／限かぎり于条件じょうけん  ―  xiàn yú tiáojiàn  ―  limited by circumstances
  6. (indicates comparison) than
    血ち濃こ於水みず／血ち浓于水みず  ―  xuènóngyúshuǐ  ―  blood is thicker than water
    苛政かせい猛たけし於虎とら／苛政かせい猛たけし于虎とら  ―  kēzhèngměngyúhǔ  ―  oppressive governments are more terrible than tigers
  7. (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to
    至いたり於／至いたり于  ―  zhìyú  ―  as to
    屬ぞく於／属ぞく于  ―  shǔyú  ―  to belong to
    樂らく於助人すけっと／乐于助人すけっと  ―  yuè yú zhùrén  ―  to be willing to help others
    敢於承うけたまわ擔責任せきにん／敢于承うけたまわ担责任  ―  gǎn yú chéngdān zérèn  ―  to dare to assume responsibility

Usage notes

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The surname 於 is to be distinguished from another surname 于. The surname 於 is still 於 in simplified Chinese.

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 於

Pronunciation

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Note: yū - surname sense in Mainland.
Rime
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲こえ) 影かげ (34)
Final (韻いん) 魚さかな (22)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 央ひさし居きょ切きり
Baxter 'jo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]a/
English at (locative preposition)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
No. 15812
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚さかな
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		於
Old
Chinese 		/*qa/

Definitions

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於

  1. a surname

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 於
alternative forms 扵

Variant of 阿おもね (*qaːl, prefix in kinship terms and personal names) (ibid.). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 影かげ (34)
Final (韻いん) 模も (23)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 哀あい都と切きり
Baxter 'u
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɔ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔo/
Wang
Li 		/u/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]ˁa/
English oh!

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
No. 15810
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚さかな
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		烏がらす
Old
Chinese 		/*qaː/

Definitions

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於

  1. Alternative form of 烏がらす／乌 (“crow; raven”)
  2. Alternative form of 嗚／呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”)
  3. Used in 於菟おと／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”).

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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於

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
於
Jinmeiyō

A legacy of Literary Chinese 於 (“at”).

Symbol

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於 

  1. at; sometimes appears on signage to designate the location or time of an event, preposed as in classical Chinese (but in contravention to Japanese word order).
    於：会議かいぎ室しつ
    at: meeting room

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

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Hanja

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於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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於: Hán Việt readings: ư[1][2][3]
於: Nôm readings: ơ[1][2][3][4], ở[1][2][3][4], ưa[1][2][3][4], ờ[1][2][3], ư[1][3], ớ[1][3], ô[3], ứ[3], thờ[3]

  1. Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”).

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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