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U+53CA, 及
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CA
また
[U+53C9]
CJK Unified Ideographs とも
[U+53CB]

及 U+2F836, 及
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F836
灰
[U+2F835]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 叟
[U+2F837]

Translingual

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Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean
Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 29, また+2 in traditional Chinese and Korean, また+1 in mainland China and Japanese, 4 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 3 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input ゆみちくすい (NHE), four-corner 17247, composition ⿻⿹丿(GHJV or U+2F836) or ⿸⿱丿また(TK))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3118
  • Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 35, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53CA

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい会意かいい) : ひと (person) + また (hand) – a hand grabbing a person.

Etymology

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Possibly connected to Burmese ကပ် (kap, to arrive at) or Jingpho khap (to carry, to reach) (Starostin and Peiros, 1996) or less likely to Tibetan འགྲུབ་པ ('grub pa) ~ འགྲུབ ('grub, to make ready), སྒྲུབ་པ (sgrub pa) ~ བསྒྲུབ (bsgrub, to complete, achieve), གྲུབ་པ (grub pa, complete) (Schuessler, 2007).

Possibly departing tone derivations are (, “to attain, to reach”), まで (, “to reach to”), and すんで (, “already”) (Yu, 1948, Baxter, 1992). However, see those entries for more.

Pronunciation

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Note: khi̍p - “to hold something tightly”.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi²⁴/
/t͡ɕi⁵³/ かく
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
/t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /d͡ʑai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiʔ²/ かく
Hakka Meixian /kʰip̚⁵/
Taoyuan /kʰip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰɐp̚²/
Nanning /kɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /kɐp̚²/
/kʰɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kip̚⁵/
/kʰip̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kip̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kip̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) ぐん (30)
Final (いん) (142)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie だてきり
Baxter gip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡˠiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡᵚip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gjip̚/
Li
Rong
/ɡjəp̚/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gap6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ gip ›
Old
Chinese
/*[m-k-]rəp/
English reach to

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5664
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡrɯb/

Definitions

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  1. to reach; to extend to; to reach the level of
    觸手しょくしゅ触手しょくしゅ  ―  chùshǒukě  ―  at one's fingertips; within reach (literally, "can be reached by the touch of hand")
    かく  ―    ―  to pass (i.e., to reach the grade for passing)
  2. to catch up; to be in time
    らいとくらいとく  ―  láidé  ―  to be or to do something in time
    とき  ―  shí  ―  prompt; timely
    後悔こうかいきさき悔莫  ―  hòuhuǐmò  ―  to be too late to regret
  3. to be equal; to be comparable; to match
    不可ふか  ―  yúbùkě  ―  foolish beyond reach; unmatched foolishness
  4. and; as well as
      ―    ―  as well as
  5. (Hokkien) to hold something tightly with one's five fingers
  6. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Vietnamese: cập ()

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

及󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
及󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. and
  2. reach out
  3. exert
  4. exercise
  5. cause

Readings

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References

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  1. ^ ”, in 漢字かんじぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 미칠 (michil geup))

  1. hanja form? of (extend)
  2. hanja form? of (reach)
  3. hanja form? of (come up to)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: cập

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.