共
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
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Han character
[edit]- Shuowen Jiezi radical №64
Derived characters
[edit]供 㓋 哄 垬 娂 㤨 拱洪 䧆 晎 栱 㬴 烘 珙 䀧 硔 粠 舼 鿁(䜤) 谼 輁(𰺄) 鉷(𫟹) 䱋(𲍎) 䢼 䳍(𮭥) 衖 閧鬨 烡異 粪 髸 龔(龚)巽 恭 拲 㭟 㳟 蛬 輂(𰺅) 䢽巷 蕻- 𡶵 𤞒 𧋄 𧶯 𡱒 𢩉 𨜕 𨞠 𠔹 𡋍 𢙄 𢮪 𨂚 𦜞
- 𬮢
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 127, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1458
- Dae Jaweon: page 283, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 243, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5171
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
||
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 𦱹 𠔏 𩇿 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs | |
*ɡroːŋs | |
衖 | *ɡroːŋs |
*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs | |
烘 | *qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs |
*ɡloːŋ | |
鉷 | *ɡloːŋ |
谼 | *ɡloːŋ |
葓 | *ɡoːŋ |
哄 | *ɡloːŋs |
蕻 | *ɡloːŋs |
*kloŋ | |
*kloŋ, *kloŋs | |
龔 | *kloŋ |
珙 | *kloŋ, *kloŋʔ |
*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs | |
髸 | *kloŋ |
拱 | *kloŋʔ |
拲 | *kloŋʔ, *kloɡ |
蛬 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
栱 | *kloŋʔ |
輁 | *kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ |
舼 | *ɡloŋ |
輂 | *kloɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (
Possibly the original form of
Etymology 1
[edit]Possibly related to 廾 (OC *k(r)oŋʔ, “to fold the hands in front of the breast”), with the stativizing prefix *N- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Schuessler (2007) also relates this word to
The kā reading in Hokkien is from the weakening of kāng (Wu, 2017; Chappell et al., 2011).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gong4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гун (gun, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qiung5 / kung5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gung3
- Northern Min (KCR): gō̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gâe̤ng / gê̤ṳng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong5 / gong4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
- Wade–Giles: kung4
- Yale: gùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gong4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gung
- Sinological IPA (key): /koŋ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гун (gun, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung6
- Yale: guhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung6
- Guangdong Romanization: gung6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: guung5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɵŋ³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qiung5 / kung5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiuŋ¹¹/, /kʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- qiung5 - vernacular;
- kung5 - literary.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiung
- Hakka Romanization System: kiung
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiung4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gung3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gâe̤ng / gê̤ṳng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔyŋ²⁴²/, /køyŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- kāng, kā - vernacular (kā - also written as
甲 ); - kiōng - literary.
- gong5 - vernacular;
- gong4 - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kuŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /kuŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /kuŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /kəŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kuŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /kuə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /kuŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /kũn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /kuŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /koŋ³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /koŋ¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /koŋ²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /koŋ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /koŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /kəŋ⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /kuŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /kũŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /goŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /goŋ³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /goŋ¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /d͡ʑyɔ²²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kʰuʌ̃²²/ |
Tunxi | /kan⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /koŋ⁵⁵/ /koŋ¹¹/ |
Xiangtan | /gən²¹/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiuŋ²¹/ ~ /kʰuŋ²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiuŋ⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /koŋ²²/ |
Nanning | /kuŋ²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /kuŋ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiɔŋ²²/ /iŋ²²/ /kaŋ²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /køyŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kɔŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kaŋ³¹/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /koŋ³³/ /kaŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: gjowngH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-k(r)oŋʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡloŋs/
Definitions
[edit]- common
- together
- 1984, “
天使 報 信 [Hark! the Herald Angels Sing]”, in 滕近輝 [Philip Teng],何 統 雄 [Richard Ho], transl., 《生命 聖 詩 》 [Hymns of Life]:- Xīngqǐ! Dìshang dà xiǎo bāng, Xiǎngyìng zhūtiān gòng sòngyáng [Pinyin]
- Joyful, all ye nations, rise, Join the triumph of the skies [Original English lyrics]
Rise up! nations of the earth, big and small, Sing praises together in response to the skies [Literal English translation]
興起 !地上 大小 邦 ,響 應 諸 天 共 頌揚 [MSC, trad.]
兴起!地上 大小 邦 ,响应诸天共 颂扬 [MSC, simp.]
- to share
- altogether
- Short for
共產黨 /共 产党 (gòngchǎndǎng, “communist party”).反 共 ― fǎngòng ― anti-communist
- (specifically) the Communist Party of China
國 共 /国 共 ― guógòng ― Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China
- (literary or dialectal) and
- 1828, Robert Morrison, Vocabulary of the Canton Dialect, volume III, section XII:
- 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 181:
- 1993, “
海 闊天空 [Boundless Ocean, Vast Skies]”, performed by Beyond:
- (literary or Eastern Min, Hokkien) with; to
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien, dated in Cantonese) for
- (Hokkien) Used in imperative sentences for emphasis
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien) Particle introducing the object of the verb
- (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) same
共 款 [Hokkien] ― kāng-khoán [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― the same無 共 /无共 [Hokkien] ― bô-kāng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― not the same; different
Synonyms
[edit]- (and):
- (for):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | ||
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | |
Taiwan | ||
Singapore | ||
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 幫, |
Wuhan | 跟, 幫 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | |
Hefei | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
Hong Kong | ||
Yangjiang | ||
Gan | Nanchang | 跟, 幫 |
Hakka | Meixian | |
Jin | Taiyuan | |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | |
Quanzhou | ||
Zhangzhou | ||
Tainan | ||
Singapore (Hokkien) | ||
Chaozhou | ||
Wu | Shanghai | 幫, 搭 |
Suzhou | ||
Wenzhou | ||
Xiang | Changsha | 幫, 跟, |
Shuangfeng | 幫 |
- (used in imperative sentences for emphasis):
- (particle introducing the object of the verb):
Note
[edit]- For the prepositional usage in Hokkien, if it's succeed by 3rd singular personal pronoun
伊 , the pronoun can be omitted. eg.:
Compounds
[edit]一 共 不 共 不 共 天地 不 共 戴天 (bùgòngdàitiān)不 共 鑣/不 共 镳中共 (Zhōnggòng)中共 一大 中華人民共和國 /中 华人民 共和 国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó)九 共 五 族 共和 (wǔzú gònghé)人 神 共 嫉人 神 共 憤 /人 神 共 愤 (rénshéngòngfèn)休 戚與共 /休 戚与共 (xiūqīyǔgòng)兄弟 共 妻 兩虎 共 鬥/两虎共 斗 公共 (gōnggòng)公共 事業 /公共 事 业 (gōnggòng shìyè)公共 保險 /公共 保 险公共 場所 /公共 场所 (gōnggòng chǎngsuǒ)公共 安全 公共 廁所/公共 厕所 (gōnggòng cèsuǒ)公共 建築 /公共 建 筑公共 建設 /公共 建 设公共 投資 /公共 投 资公共 支出 公共 收入 公共 政策 (gōnggòng zhèngcè)公共 救助 公共 汽車 /公共 汽车 (gōnggòng qìchē)公共 浴場 /公共 浴 场公共 環境 /公共 环境公共 秩序 公共 租界 公共 積 累 /公共 积累 (gōnggòng jīlěi)公共 給水 /公共 给水公共 行政 (gōnggòng xíngzhèng)公共 衛生 /公共 卫生 (gōnggòng wèishēng)公共 設 施 /公共 设施公共 財政 /公共 财政公共 部門 /公共 部 门 (gōnggòng bùmén)公共 關係 /公共 关系公共 電 視 /公共 电视公共 電話 /公共 电话公 同 共有 共 主 共 乘 (gòngchéng)共 乳 共 事 (gòngshì)共 事 一夫 共 享 (gòngxiǎng)共 享 軟體/共 享 软体 (gòngxiǎng ruǎntǐ)共 人 共 侶/共 侣共 偫共 傳 /共 传共 儉/共 俭共 億 /共 亿共 允 共 兜 共 具 共 分 共 勉 (gòngmiǎn)共 勢 /共 势共 勤 共 匪 (gòngfěi)共同 (gòngtóng)共 合 共 名 共同 代理 共同 代表 共同 企業 /共同 企 业共同 保證 /共同 保 证共同 努力 共同 基金 (gòngtóng jījīn)共同 市場 /共同 市 场共同 感覺 /共同 感 觉共同 正犯 (gòngtóng zhèngfàn)共同 科目 共同 管 道 共同 經營 /共同 经营共同 綱領 /共同 纲领 (gòngtóng gānglǐng)共同 繼承 /共同 继承共同 訴訟 /共同 诉讼共同 語 /共同 语 (gòngtóngyǔ)共同 語 言 /共同 语言 (gòngtóng yǔyán)共同 財產 /共同 财产共同 趨向 /共同 趋向共同 運 銷/共同 运销共同 體 /共同 体 (gòngtóngtǐ)共同 點 /共同 点 (gòngtóngdiǎn)共 命 共和 (gònghé)共和 制 (gònghézhì)共和 國 /共和 国 (gònghéguó)共和 時代 /共和 时代共 命 鳥 /共 命 鸟 (gòngmìngniǎo)共 商 大計 /共 商 大 计 (gòngshāngdàjì)共 喻共 國 /共 国 共 坐 共 奉 共 契 共 姜 共存 (gòngcún)共存 亡 (gòngcúnwáng)共 害 共寢 /共寝 (gòngqǐn)共 審 制度 /共 审制度 共 少 共 居 共 川 鼻 飲 /共 川 鼻 饮共 工 (Gònggōng)共 己 共 度 (gòngdù)共 弊 共 張 /共 张共 御 共 德 共 心 共 性 (gòngxìng)共 恪 共 患共 患難/共 患难 (gònghuànnàn)共 慘 黨 /共 惨 党 (gòngcǎndǎng)共 手 共 承 共 抎共 持 共振 (gòngzhèn)共振 器 共 挽鹿車 /共 挽鹿车共 政 共 敘舊姻/共 叙 旧 姻共 敝共 料 共 方 共有 (gòngyǒu)共有 人 共 枕 共 格 共棲 /共 栖共 業 /共 业共 榮辱 /共 荣辱共 權 /共 权共 歲 /共 岁共 氣 /共 气共 治 共 沸 物 (gòngfèiwù)共 洩 /共 泄 (gòngxiè)共濟 /共 济 (gòngjì)共濟 一堂 /共 济一堂 共 為 唇 齒 /共 为唇齿共 為 脣齒/共 为唇齿共 營/共 营共 牢 共犯 (gòngfàn)共犯 罪 共 理 共生 (gòngshēng)共生 礦/共生 矿共產 /共 产 (gòngchǎn)共產 主義 /共 产主义 (gòngchǎn zhǔyì)共產 主義 青年 團 /共 产主义青年 团 (Gòngchǎn Zhǔyì Qīngniántuán)共產 國家 /共 产国家 共產 國際 /共 产国际 (Gòngchǎn Guójì)共產 宣言 /共 产宣言 共產 集團 /共 产集团共產黨 /共 产党 (gòngchǎndǎng)共用 (gòngyòng)共 登 共益 權 /共益 权共 相 (gòngxiàng)共 相 脣齒/共 相 唇 齿共 知 (gòngzhī)共 硯 席 /共 砚席共 祭 共 禦/共 御 共 禦外侮 /共 御 外侮 共 稟/共 禀共 穗 共立 共 筆硯 /共 笔砚共管 (gòngguǎn)共 給 /共 给共 線 點 /共 线点共 總 /共 总 (gòngzǒng)共 聚 (gòngjù)共 聚一堂 (gòngjùyītáng)共 職 /共 职共 膂共 舞 (gòngwǔ)共 蔕 蓮 /共 蒂莲共 處 /共 处 (gòngchǔ)共 衾 共 被 共 襄 盛 舉/共 襄 盛 举 (gòngxiāngshèngjǔ)共 親 /共 亲共 觸 /共 触 共 計 /共 计 (gòngjì)共 話 /共 话共 話 衷腸/共 话衷肠共 語 /共 语 (gòngyǔ)共 論 /共 论共 談 /共 谈 (gòngtán)共謀 /共 谋 (gòngmóu)共 識/共 识 (gòngshí)共 識決/共 识决共 議 /共 议共 財 /共 财共 貢 /共 贡共 貫 /共 贯共 貫 同 條 /共 贯同条 共 軌/共 轨共軛 弧 /共 轭弧共軛 角 /共 轭角共 轡 /共 辔共通 (gòngtōng)共通 意志 共進 /共 进共 遞/共 递共 釂共 門 /共 门共 閱/共 阅共 青 團 /共 青 团 (gòngqīngtuán)共 韻 /共 韵共 頭 /共 头共 養 /共 养共 餐共 饗 /共 飨共 首 共 驩/共 欢共 體 時艱 /共 体 时艰共 鯀 /共 鲧共鳴 /共 鸣 (gòngmíng)共鳴 器 /共 鸣器共 默 共 點線 /共 点 线共 鼓 分 形 共 氣 /分 形 共 气分 憂 共 患/分 忧共患 (fēnyōu gòng huàn)分 甘 共 苦 參 共 /参 共 反共 (fǎngòng)反共 義士 /反共 义士 (fǎngòng yìshì)同 休 共 戚同 共 合 共 (hégòng)同 床 共 枕 同心 共濟 /同心 共 济同心 共 膽 /同心 共 胆 同 惡 共濟 /同 恶共济同文 共 規 /同文 共 规同文 共 軌/同文 共 轨同 條 共 貫 /同 条 共 贯同 源 共 流 同 甘 共 苦 (tónggāngòngkǔ)同 生 共 死 (tóngshēnggòngsǐ)同 聲 共 氣 /同 声 共 气同胞 共 乳 同胞 共 氣 /同胞 共 气同舟 共 命 同舟 共濟 /同舟 共 济 (tóngzhōugòngjì)同衾 共 枕 合 衷共濟 /合 衷共济同音 共 律 周 召共和 和平 共存 (hépíng gòngcún)和平 共 處 /和平 共 处 (hépíng gòngchǔ)和衷 共濟 /和衷 共 济 (hézhōnggòngjì)國共 /国共 (Guó-Gòng)國際 共管 /国 际共管 執 共 /执共多 共 少 大 共 大 共 名 天人 共 棄/天人 共 弃奇 文 共 賞 /奇 文 共 赏 (qíwéngòngshǎng)好 共 歹小 共 弟 共 - 患難
與 共 /患难与共 (huànnànyǔgòng) - 懿共
- 攏共/拢共 (lǒnggòng)
敬 共 普天 共 友 有 目 共 睹 (yǒumùgòngdǔ)有 目 共 見 /有 目 共 见 (yǒumùgòngjiàn)有 目 共 賞 /有 目 共 赏 (yǒumùgòngshǎng)松蘿 共 倚/松 萝共倚核 磁共振 (hécí gòngzhèn)榮辱 與 共 /荣辱与 共 (róngrùyǔgòng)- 汽電
共生 /汽电共生 港 共 (Gǎnggòng)滿 共 /满共牛 驥共牢 /牛 骥共牢 生死 與 共 /生死 与 共 相 共 - 眾所
共 知 /众所共 知 - 眾目
共 睹/众目共 睹 - 眾目
共 視 /众目共 视 神人 共 悅 /神人 共 悦 神人 共 戮禍 福與 共 /祸福与 共 統 共 /统共 (tǒnggòng)綠 共 /绿共 (Lǜgòng)總 共 /总共 (zǒnggòng)老 共 (lǎogòng)與 共 /与 共 (yǔgòng)芝 艾 共 焚衆 所 共 知 /众所共 知 賞 共 /赏共足 共 車 軌共文 /车轨共 文 通 共 (tōnggòng)通 共有 無 /通 共有 无通 憂 共 患/通 忧共患連枝 共 塚 /连枝共 冢通 無 共有 /通 无共有 阿 共 仔 (a-kiōng-á) (Min Nan)雅俗 共 賞 /雅俗 共 赏 (yǎsúgòngshǎng)靖 共 首尾 共濟 /首尾 共 济鹿 車 共 挽/鹿 车共挽
Descendants
[edit]Others:
- → Vietnamese: cùng
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Gòng
- Wade–Giles: Kung4
- Yale: Gùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gonq
- Palladius: Гун (Gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Gong
- Wade–Giles: Kung1
- Yale: Gūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gong
- Palladius: Гун (Gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung1
- Yale: gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: kjowng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/
Definitions
[edit]- a surname
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gong
- Wade–Giles: kung1
- Yale: gūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung1
- Yale: gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: giong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
- Sinological IPA (key): /kioŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: kjowng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/
Definitions
[edit]- (literary) Alternative form of
供 (“to provide”) - (literary) Alternative form of
恭 (gōng, “respectful”) - (literary) Alternative form of
宮 /宫 (gōng, “castration (as punishment)”)
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǒng
- Wade–Giles: kung3
- Yale: gǔng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goong
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung2
- Yale: gúng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung2
- Guangdong Romanization: gung2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]References
[edit]- “
共 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: く (ku); くう (kū)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きよう (kyou, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ぐ (gu)
- Kun: とも (tomo,
共 , Jōyō)
Pronunciation
[edit]Compounds
[edit]共 演 (kyōen)共 学 (kyōgaku)共 感 (kyōkan)共 産 (kyōsan)共 産 党 (kyōsantō)共 存 (kyōzon)共 著 (kyōcho)共 通 (kyōtsū)共 通 語 (kyōtsūgo)共 同 (kyōdō)共 犯 (kyōhan)共 謀 (kyōbō)共 鳴 (kyōmei)共 有 (kyōyū)共 用 (kyōyō)共 和 国 (kyōwakoku)共 依 存 (kyōizon)共 々 (tomodomo),共 共 (tomodomo)共 営 (kyōei)共 栄 (kyōei)共 益 (kyōeki)共 起 (kyōki)共 襟 (tomoeri)共 催 (kyōsai)共 済 (kyōsai)共 助 (kyōjo)共 晶 (kyōshō)公 共 (kōkyō)事 共 (kotodomo)社 共 (shakyō)是 非 共 (zehitomo)中 共 (chūkyō)防 共 (bōkyō)身 共 (midomo)諸 共 (morotomo)容 共 (yōkyō)両 方 共 (ryōhōtomo)私 共 (watakushidomo)何 共 (nantomo)
Noun
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Suffix
[edit]- altogether
- ...included
送 料 共 - sōryō-tomo
- including shipping fees, including postage
Synonyms
[edit]込 (komi)
Suffix
[edit]- indicates plural:
- when attached to a human noun
- (Classical Japanese) when attached to any noun
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Aoi)
- 「まづ、
女 房 出 でね」とて、童 の姿 どものをかしげなるを御覧 ず。いとらうたげなる髪 どものすそ、 […]- “Mazu, niyōbau idene” tote, waraha no sugata domo no okashige naru o goran zu. Ito rautage naru kami domo no suso, […]
- "Starting with the court girls", he said, looking at the young servants' pretty forms. The beautiful tips of their hairs, […]
- 「まづ、
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Aoi)
Usage notes
[edit]Affixing
Synonyms
[edit]達 (tachi)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 공산주의 (
共産 主義 , gongsanjuui) - 공산주의자 (
共産 主義 者 , gongsanjuuija) - 공동체 (
共同 體 , gongdongche) - 공통점 (
共通 點 , gongtongjeom) - 반공 (
反共 , ban'gong) - 공비 (
共 匪, gongbi)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
References
[edit]- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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