くち

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くち U+53E3, 口
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E3
くさむら
[U+53E2]
CJK Unified Ideographs ふる
[U+53E4]
U+2F1D, ⼝
KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH

[U+2F1C]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F1E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
3 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

くち (Kangxi radical 30, くち+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input くち (R), four-corner 60000, composition いち)

  1. Kangxi radical #30, .
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №22

Usage notes[edit]

This character (くち) is used within characters. If a square is used as an enclosure around another character, then the character (U+56D7) is used instead.

This radical is sometimes added to characters to indicate that a certain character is onomatopoeic, e.g. (dōng) and (), or is phonetic, e.g. 咖啡 (kāfēi) and 喇嘛 (lǎma).

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 171, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3227
  • Dae Jaweon: page 379, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 566, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+53E3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
くち
alternative forms 𠙵
𠮚
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character くち
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – resembles an open mouth.

In the oracle bone script, radical くち is used for characters having abstract meanings. Such a character can have a figurative meaning derived from the phonetic part, e.g. みぎ (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right”) = また (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) + くち and 𪪺 (“strong; powerful”) = ゆみ (OC *kʷɯŋ, “bow”) + くち, or be an unrelated borrowing, e.g. いや (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ, “no”) = (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “calyx”) + くち.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ku(w) (mouth). Cognate with Garo ku·sik (mouth), Tangut 𗋈 (*ŋwu², mouth).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • Sixian:
    • khiéu - literary;
    • héu - vernacular.
  • Meixian:
    • kêu3 - literary;
    • hêu3 - vernacular.
Note:
  • kāu - vernacular;
  • kēu - literary.
Note:
  • kháu - vernacular;
  • káu - vernacular (limited, e.g. 啞口);
  • khó͘/khió - literary.
Note: 3kheu (Hangzhounese) - older speakers only.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location くち
Mandarin Beijing /kʰou²¹⁴/
Harbin /kʰou²¹³/
Tianjin /kʰou¹³/
Jinan /kʰou⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kʰou⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kʰou⁵³/
Xi'an /kʰou⁵³/
Xining /kʰɯ⁵³/
Yinchuan /kʰəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /kʰou⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /kʰɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /kʰəu⁴²/
Chengdu /kʰəu⁵³/
Guiyang /kʰəu⁴²/
Kunming /kʰəu⁵³/
Nanjing /kʰəɯ²¹²/
Hefei /kʰɯ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰəu⁵³/
Pingyao /kʰəu¹³/
Hohhot /kʰəu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /kʰɤ³⁵/
Suzhou /kʰɤ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /kʰø⁵³/
Wenzhou /kʰau³⁵/
Hui Shexian /kʰiu³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Xiang Changsha /kʰəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kʰəɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kʰiɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kʰeu³¹/
Taoyuan /kʰeu³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐu³⁵/
Nanning /hɐu³⁵/
Hong Kong /hɐu³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰɔ⁵³/
/kʰau⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰau³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰe²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰau⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xɔu²¹³/
/xau²¹³/

Rime
Character くち
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) けい (29)
Final (いん) ほう (137)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) I
Fanqie きさききり
Baxter khuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰəuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰəuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰəwX/
Li
Rong
/kʰuX/
Wang
Li
/kʰəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
kǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hau2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character くち
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kǒu
Middle
Chinese
‹ khuwX ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁ(r)oʔ/
English mouth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character くち
Reading # 1/1
No. 7490
Phonetic
component
くち
Rime
group
ほう
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
くち
Old
Chinese
/*kʰoːʔ/

Definitions[edit]

くち

  1. (anatomy) mouth, especially the lips and internal mouth cavity (Classifier: c)
    See also: くちばし, 口腔こうくう
    てきくち  ―  Shù shù nǐ de kǒu.  ―  Rinse your mouth out.
    はなし出自しゅつじてきくち聽來れいじんかい [MSC, trad.]
    出自しゅつじてきくち听来れいじんかい [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè huà chūzì nǐ de kǒu, tīnglái lìngrén qíguài. [Pinyin]
    This sounds strange in your mouth.
  2. entrance; opening; mouth (of an object)
    いれくち  ―  kǒu  ―  entrance
    くち  ―  chūkǒu  ―  exit
    もんくちくち  ―  ménkǒu  ―  doorway
  3. gateway
    ちょうくち张家くち  ―  Zhāngjiākǒu  ―  Zhangjiakou
    くちきた  ―  Kǒuběi  ―  the area beyond the Great Wall
    くち  ―  kǒu  ―  St. George's mushroom (Calocybe gambosa)
  4. hole; cut
    くち  ―  kǒuzi  ―  hole
    きずくちくち  ―  shāngkǒu  ―  wound
  5. port
    電腦でんのうはしくち电脑はしくち  ―  diànnǎo duānkǒu  ―  computer port
    Cくち  ―  sēikǒu  ―  USB-C port
  6. perimeter
    ひとくち  ―  rénkǒu  ―  population
    くちくち  ―  kǒu  ―  hukou
  7. government organ; department
  8. Classifier for family members, populations and guns.
    さんくちこれいえ  ―  sān kǒu zhī jiā  ―  a family of three
  9. Classifier for bites or mouthfuls.
    わがどもいちくち [MSC, trad.]
    わがどもいちくち [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ kěyǐ chī yī kǒu ma? [Pinyin]
    Can I have a bite?
  10. (neologism, slang) to fellate
  11. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (くち):

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of くち – see (“name; given name; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of ).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くち

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
くち
くち
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of くち – see the following entry.
くち
[noun] くち: mouth
[noun] くち: opening
[noun] This term needs a translation to English.
[noun] This term needs a translation to English.
[noun] くち: taste (in food), preference
(This term, くち, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
くち
くつ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of くち – see the following entry.
くつ
[noun] くち: prefixal bound form of くち (kuchi, mouth)
(This term, くち, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
くち

Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese くち (MC khuwX). The 呉音ごおん (goon), so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

くち() (ku

  1. (Buddhism) the mouth
  2. (Buddhism) (by extension) one's speech, one's words
  3. the mouthpiece of a flute

Counter[edit]

くち() (-ku

  1. used to count people
  2. used to count per-person portions
  3. used to count open-mouthed containers
  4. used to count bladed weapons or tools

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
くち
こう
Grade: 1
kan’on

From Middle Chinese くち (MC khuwX). The 漢音かんおん (kan'on), so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Counter[edit]

くち(こう) (-kō

  1. used to count people
  2. used to count bladed weapons or tools

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese くち (MC khuwX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (in くちぶん, 口錢こうせん, and くちかた):
  • (mouth; entrance; hole; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

くち (eumhun (ip gu))

  1. Hanja form? of (mouth).
  2. Hanja form? of (entrance; opening).
  3. Hanja form? of (hole).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Kunigami[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くち

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

くち(くちー) (khuchī

  1. mouth
  2. language
  3. dialect
  4. speech

Miyako[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くち

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Tarama): IPA(key): [ɸɨtˢɨ], [ɸs̩.tˢɨ]
  • (Ōgami): IPA(key): [ɸkɨ], [ɸks̩ ~ ɸkɯ]
  • (Ikema): IPA(key): [ɸu̥tˢɨ]
  • (Uruka): IPA(key): [ɸu̥tˢz̩]
  • (Minna): IPA(key): [ɸutˢʉ]

Noun[edit]

くち(ふつ) (futs

  1. mouth
  2. language
  3. dialect
  4. speech

References[edit]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くち

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

くち(くち) (kuchi

  1. mouth
  2. language
  3. dialect
  4. speech

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

くち: Hán Việt readings: khẩu[1][2]
くち: Nôm readings: khẩu[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of khẩu (mouth; opening).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Yaeyama[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くち

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

くち(ふつぃ) (futsï

  1. mouth
  2. language
  3. dialect
  4. speech

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くち

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

くち(ってぃ) (tti

  1. mouth
  2. language
  3. dialect
  4. speech