いし

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See also: みぎ
いし U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3

[U+77F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77F4]
U+2F6F, ⽯
KANGXI RADICAL STONE

[U+2F6E]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F70]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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いし (Kangxi radical 112, いし+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口ひとくち (MR), four-corner 10600, composition くち)

  1. Kangxi radical #112, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
いし

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character いし
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) : a stone beneath a cliff (). The cliff was subsequently distorted into .

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1

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Unknown. Probably related to Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (stone) (whence Vietnamese đá and Khmer ដា (daa, rock; stone)) (Schuessler, 2007), to which Chinese would have added the familiar final -k.

Pronunciation

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Note: sek6-2 - "gem, jewel, jade".
Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
Note:
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ziêh8 / zioh8 / sig8 / sêg8 / siêh8 / sioh8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsie̍h / tsio̍h / si̍k / se̍k / sie̍h / sio̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieʔ⁴/, /t͡sioʔ⁴/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/, /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/
Note:
  • ziêh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Chaozhou);
  • zioh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang);
  • sig8 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • sêg8 - literary (Jieyang);
  • siêh8 - only in 石榴ざくろ (Chaozhou);
  • sioh8 - only in 石榴ざくろ (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location いし
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zaʔ¹/
Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚⁵/
/t͡sioʔ⁵/
/sia²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /suoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sek̚⁵/
/t͡sio³³/

Rime
Character いし
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) つね (25)
Final (いん) むかし (123)
Tone (調しらべ) Checked (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Open
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie つねせききり
Baxter dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character いし
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese
/*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character いし
Reading # 1/1
No. 11470
Phonetic
component
いし
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
いし
Old
Chinese
/*djaɡ/

Definitions

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いし

  1. stone; rock (Classifier: c; かたまり c)
  2. (Cantonese) gem; jewel; jade
  3. a surname
    いしいし  ―  Shí Yáng  ―  Shih Yang (a pirate leader who terrorized the China Seas during the early 19th century)
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (いし):
  • Japanese: いし(せき) (seki)
  • Korean: 석(いし) (seok)
  • Vietnamese: thạch (いし)

(Others)

  • Tocharian B: cāk

Etymology 2

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Contains pronunciations from (dàn) (Qiu, 1988, p. 220).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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いし

  1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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いし

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
いし
いし
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨isi⟩/iɕi/

From Old Japanese.[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *esoy.

Likely cognate with いそ (iso, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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いし(いし) (ishi

  1. a stone
    • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
      からだ(からだ)いし(いし)のようにけん(かた)もう()くつがえ(おお)われており、もり(まも)りがかたい。
      Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
      With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.
  2. (slang, electronics) a transistor
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
いし
こく
Grade: 1
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese (MC huwk).

The いし spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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いし(こく) (koku

  1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume:
    1. for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres
    2. (by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres
    3. for 和船わせん (wasen); one koku is equal to 10 cubic shaku or approximately 0.278 cubic metres
  2. a unit of quantity for さけ (sake, salmon) and ます (masu, trout); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
いし
せき
Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese いし (MC dzyek).

Pronunciation

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Counter

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いし(せき) (-seki

  1. counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
  2. (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
    ろく(ろく)いし(せき)ラジオ
    rokuseki rajio
    six-transistor radio

Noun

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いし(せき) (seki

  1. Same as こく (koku) above

Affix

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いし(せき) (seki

  1. stone
  2. needle made of stone
  3. go stone
  4. something solid but worthless
  5. Short for 石見いわみくに (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくごだい辞典じてん新装しんそうばん [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese いし (MC dzyek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 돌〯 (Yale: twǒl) 셕〮 (Yale: syék)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

いし (eumhun (dol seok))

  1. hanja form? of (stone)

Compounds

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Kunigami

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Kanji

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いし

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese いし (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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いし(しー) (shī

  1. stone

Miyako

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Kanji

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いし

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese いし (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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いし(いす) (isu

  1. stone

Okinawan

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Kanji

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いし

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese いし (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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いし(いし) (ishi

  1. stone

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Cognate with いそ (iso1, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

Noun

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いし (isi) (kana いし)

  1. a stone
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 869:
      , text here
      多良たら志比しひうり能美のみもととうのう奈都りょう須等多多たたこころざし世利せりこころざしとお多礼たれ美吉みよし
      tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi1ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      [Note: Another version replaces na turasu to2 with おもねゆかりりゅうとう (ayu turu to2, catching sweetfishes)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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いし: Hán Việt readings: thạch[1][2][3], đán[3]
いし: Nôm readings: thạch[1][2], sạch[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of thạch (stone).

Compounds

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References

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Yaeyama

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Kanji

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いし

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese いし (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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いし(いしぃ) (isï

  1. stone

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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いし

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese いし (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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いし(いち) (ichi

  1. stone

References

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