石
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]- Kangxi radical #112, ⽯.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/
石 - 佦, 㓈, 𠰴, 坧, 妬, 𡯝, 𡶌, 𫹺,
拓 , 沰, 𨒙, 𪰒, 柘, 𣭏, 炻, 𤤟, 𦚈, 祏, 䄷, 䇉, 袥, 𫂹, 䖨, 𧣔, 𧦳, 磊, 䞠, 跖, 𨋓, 鉐(𬬷),鮖 , 鼫, 𮯂 - 劯, 斫, 𣗁, 䲽, 宕,
岩 , 沯, 𥥔, 𫅂, 雼, 𡻦, 𮫁, 𪔑, 𪊞, 𭚇, 乭, 𭀽, 𡊵, 𡶪, 𤇈, 㸴, 𧵔, 𨀂, 𨥴, 䦒, 𡇈, 唘, 䀾, 㻹, 𥗉, 𥗌, 𥗐, 𥗑, 𥗹, 𥗺, 𥗻, 𥗼, 𥗽, 𥗾, 𥗿, 𥘀, 𥘁, 𥘂, 𥘃, 𥘄
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
- Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
- Unihan data for U+77F3
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (
Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.
Etymology 1
[edit]Unknown. Probably related to Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (“stone”) (whence Vietnamese đá and Khmer ដា (daa, “rock; stone”)) (Schuessler, 2007), to which Chinese would have added the familiar final -k.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шы (šɨ, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): sah7 / siit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seh5
- Northern Min (KCR): ciō̤
- Eastern Min (BUC): siŏh / sĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zaq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
- Wade–Giles: shih2
- Yale: shŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: si2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шы (šɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sek6 / sek6-2
- Yale: sehk / sék
- Cantonese Pinyin: sek9 / sek9-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ség6 / ség6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛːk̚²/, /sɛːk̚²⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: siak4
- Sinological IPA (key): /siak̚²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sah7 / siit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /saʔ²/, /sɨt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: sag
- Hagfa Pinyim: sag6
- Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciō̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɔ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siŏh / sĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /suoʔ⁵/, /siʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- siŏh - vernacular;
- sĭk - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
- Tâi-lô: siā
- Phofsit Daibuun: sia
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sia²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sia⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h
- Tâi-lô: sia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: siah
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siaʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
- Tâi-lô: si̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: sek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
- Tâi-lô: si̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: sit
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍t
- Tâi-lô: se̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: set
- IPA (Hui'an): /set̚²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
- Tâi-lô: sia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: siak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siak̚²⁴/
- IPA (Hui'an): /siak̚²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ziêh8 / zioh8 / sig8 / sêg8 / siêh8 / sioh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsie̍h / tsio̍h / si̍k / se̍k / sie̍h / sio̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieʔ⁴/, /t͡sioʔ⁴/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/, /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ʃz̩⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /sz̩²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /sz̩³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /sz̩²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ʂəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /səʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /ʂʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /səʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zaʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /zɑʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /zɑʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /zei²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕi²²/ |
Tunxi | /ɕi¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ʂɒ⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɑʔ²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sak̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɛk̚²/ |
Nanning | /sɛk̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɛk̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sik̚⁵/ /t͡sioʔ⁵/ /sia²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /suoʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/ /si⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sioʔ⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sek̚⁵/ /t͡sio³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzyek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*dAk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djaɡ/
Definitions
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]一片 石 三 生石 下石 上馬 石 /上 马石亂 石 /乱 石 (luànshí)介石 信 石 (xìnshí)光 鹵石/光 卤石八 石 凍 石 /冻石凝 水石 刊 石 刻 石 (kèshí)剛 石 /刚石- 勒石 (lèshí)
化石 (huàshí)化石 學 /化石 学 匠 石 (jiàngshí)- 匪石
印 石 卵 石 (luǎnshí)古石 (Gǔshí)- 吐酒
石 - 吸鐵
石 /吸铁石 (xītiěshí) - 嘛呢
石 (mānīshí) 嘉 石 土石 (tǔshí)土石流 (tǔshíliú)基 石 (jīshí)培 石 (Péishí)- 墊腳
石 /垫脚石 (diànjiǎoshí) 壽山 石 /寿山 石 大理石 (dàlǐshí)太 湖 石 太 石 (Tàishí)天 青石 (tiānqīngshí)孔雀石 (kǒngquèshí)安 石榴 (ānshíliú)寶石 /宝石 (bǎoshí)寶石 婚 /宝石 婚 尖 石 (Jiānshí)岩石 (yánshí)岩石 圈 (yánshíquān)岩石 學 /岩石 学 (yánshíxué)嵌 石 巖 石 /岩石 (yánshí)巨石 忍 石 怪 石 - 慈石
- 戒石
打 火 石 (dǎhuǒshí)採石 場 /采 石 场 (cǎishíchǎng)- 撇火
石 - 擲石
子 /掷石子 文 石 斜 長石 /斜 长石 (xiéchángshí)方解石 (fāngjiěshí)- 旋石
昌 化石 (chānghuàshí)明石 (míngshí)月 石 月 長石 /月 长石 (yuèchángshí)望 夫 石 (wàngfūshí)木 化石 木石 (mùshí)木 變 石 /木 变石東石 /东石 (Dōngshí)松脂 石 柱石 (zhùshí)- 氟石 (fúshí)
水 刷石 水滴 石 穿 (shuǐdīshíchuān)水 磨 石 河 卵 石 油 石 泉石 (quánshí)泥 石 流 (níshíliú)活 化石 (huóhuàshí)洗 石 海 泡 石 消石灰 (xiāoshíhuī)海 綠 石 /海 绿石海 花石 湖山 石 滑石 (huáshí)滑石 粉 (huáshífěn)滴 石 瀝青 石 /沥青石 火 石 (huǒshí)灰 石 烏 心 石 /乌心石 熟 石灰 (shúshíhuī)熟 石膏 燒石膏 /烧石膏 燧石 (suìshí)爐 甘 石 /炉 甘 石 (lúgānshí)牙 結石 /牙 结石玄 石 玉石 (yùshí)- 璇石 (soān-chio̍h) (Min Nan)
瓦石 峽 /瓦石 峡 (Wǎshíxiá)生石灰 (shēngshíhuī)生 石膏 界 石 (jièshí)畫像 石 /画像 石 (huàxiàngshí)番 石榴 (fānshíliú)發 石 車 /发石车白 信 石 白石 坳 (Báishí'ào)白石 神 白雲 石 /白 云 石 (báiyúnshí)- 皂石 (zàoshí)
盤石 /盘石 (pánshí)盤陀 石 /盘陀石 矢 石 (shǐshí)石井 (Shíjǐng)石 交石 人 石像 (shíxiàng)石刀 石 刁柏 (shídiāobǎi)石刻 (shíkè)石 包 城 (Shíbāochéng)石 化 (shíhuà)石 匠 石 南 石印 石印 本 石 卵 (shíluǎn)石 友 石器 (shíqì)石器 時代 /石器 时代 (Shíqì Shídài)石 坎石 埠 (Shíbù)石塊 /石 块 (shíkuài)石 墩 (shídūn)石壁 (shíbì)石女 (shínǚ)石女 山 (Shínǚshān)石 婦 /石 妇石子 (shízǐ)石子 兒 /石子 儿 (shízǐr)石室 (shíshì)石 家 莊 /石 家 庄 (Shíjiāzhuāng)石 尤 風 /石 尤 风石屋 頭 /石屋 头 (Shíwūtóu)石山 (Shíshān)石 岐 (Shíqí)石工 (shígōng)石 幢石 床 石 擔/石 担 (shídàn)石 敢當/石 敢当 (shígǎndāng)石 文 石斑魚 /石 斑 鱼 (shíbānyú)石 料 (shíliào)石斛 (shíhú)石斛 蘭 /石斛 兰石斧 石 方 (shífāng)石 晉 /石 晋 (Shíjìn)石本 (shíběn)石材 (shícái)石林 (shílín)石松 石板 (shíbǎn)石板 巷 (Shíbǎnxiàng)石柱 (shízhù)石 梁 河 (Shíliánghé)石棺 (shíguān)石 棉 (shímián)石 棉 瓦 石 棉 症 石榴 (shíliú)石榴 裙 (shíliúqún)石橋 /石 桥 (shíqiáo)石橋 驛 /石 桥驿 (Shíqiáoyì)石 民 石 沉大海 (shíchéndàhǎi)石 決 明 /石 决明 (shíjuémíng)石泉 石油 (shíyóu)石 油氣 /石油 气 (shíyóuqì)石油 腦 /石油 脑石油 蕉石 洞 (Shídòng)石 渠 (Shíqú)石 滬/石 沪石 灘 /石 滩 (shítān)石火 (shíhuǒ)石灰 (shíhuī)石灰乳 石灰岩 (shíhuīyán)石灰 水 (shíhuīshuǐ)石灰石 (shíhuīshí)石灰 窯 /石灰 窑 (Shíhuīyáo)石灰 質 /石灰 质石炭 (shítàn)石炭 紀 /石炭 纪 (Shítàn Jì)石燕 石 牆/石 墙 (shíqiáng)石版 (shíbǎn)石版 屋 石版 畫 /石版 画 石版 石 石版 路 石 牌 (shípái)石 牛 道 石 獅子 /石 狮子 (shíshīzi)石田 (shítián)石盤 /石 盘 (Shípán)石破 天 驚 /石破 天 惊 (shípòtiānjīng)石 硯 /石 砚石 碇 (shídìng)石碑 (shíbēi)石 碣石 磧/石 碛 (Shíqì)石 磨 (shímò)石 磴石 礫 /石 砾石窟 (shíkū)石竹 (shízhú)石筍 /石 笋 (shísǔn)石筆 /石 笔石 級 /石 级 (shíjí)石 絨/石 绒石經 /石 经 (shíjīng)石綿 /石 绵 (shímián)石 綠 /石 绿石 羊 石 耳 (shí'ěr)石 胡 荽 (shíhúsuī)石 脂 石膏 (shígāo)石膏 像 石 舫 (shífǎng)石花 (shíhuā)石花 菜 (shíhuācài)石英 (shíyīng)石英 岩 石英 錶/石英 表 石英 鐘 /石英 钟 (shíyīngzhōng)石菖蒲 (shíchāngpú)石蒜 石 蓮 /石 莲石 蕊 (shíruǐ)石 蘭 /石 兰石 蟥石 蠟/石 蜡 (shílà)石 蠶 /石 蚕 石 製 /石 制 石 象 (shíxiàng)石 針 /石 针石 鐘 乳 /石 钟乳石門 /石 门 (shímén)石 階 /石 阶 (shíjiē)石 雕石 青 石 韋/石 韦 (shíwěi)石頭 /石 头 (shítou)石頭 兒 /石 头儿石頭 城 /石 头城石頭 草 /石 头草石頭 記 /石 头记石頭 餅 /石 头饼石 首 (shíshǒu)石首魚 /石 首 鱼 (shíshǒuyú)石 鱉/石 鳖石 鹼/石 碱 (shíjiǎn)石墨 (shímò)石 黛 (shídài)石 點頭 /石 点 头石 鼓 (shígǔ)石 鼓 文 (shígǔwén)石 龍 /石 龙 (Shílóng)石 龍子 /石 龙子 (shílóngzǐ)石 龍 芻/石 龙刍- 矽線
石 /矽线石 砂 石 (shāshí)砂 石場 /砂 石 场砂 石 車 /砂 石 车- 砭石 (biānshí)
硝石 (xiāoshí)硬 石膏 (yìngshígāo)碇石 碑石 (bēishí)碎石 (suìshí)磁石 (císhí)磐石 (pánshí)磨 刀 石 (módāoshí)磨 石 (móshí)- 磷灰
石 (línhuīshí) - 礁石 (jiāoshí)
- 礌石 (léishí)
- 礞石 (méngshí)
礫 石 /砾石 (lìshí)- 礬石/矾石 (fánshí)
- 礦石/矿石 (kuàngshí)
秋 石 (qiūshí)秦 刻 石 - 穹石
端 石 - 箴石
箭 石 紅 信 石 /红信石 紅 寶石 /红宝石 (hóngbǎoshí)細 石器 /细石器 (xìshíqì)紫 石英 (zǐshíyīng)絆 腳石/绊脚石 (bànjiǎoshí)結石 /结石 (jiéshí)經 石 峪/经石峪綠 寶石 /绿宝石 (lǜbǎoshí)綠 松石 /绿松石 (lǜsōngshí)綠 柱石 /绿柱石 (lǜzhùshí)綠泥 石 /绿泥石 羊 背 石 耳 石 (ěrshí)肺 石 腎 結石 /肾结石 (shènjiéshí)膽石 /胆石 (dǎnshí)膽 結石 /胆 结石 (dǎnjiéshí)花崗 石 /花 岗石 (huāgāngshí)花石 綱 /花石 纲英 石 草 石 蠶 /草 石 蚕 菊 石 落石 (luòshí)葉 蠟石/叶 蜡石藍 寶石 /蓝宝石 (lánbǎoshí)藍 晶 石 /蓝晶石 藥石 /药石 (yàoshí)蘭 石 /兰石虎 眼 石 (hǔyǎnshí)蛇紋 石 /蛇 纹石 (shéwénshí)蛭 石 (zhìshí)螢 石 /萤石 (yíngshí)- 衡石
補 腎 石 /补肾石 試金石 /试金石 (shìjīnshí)- 貓眼
石 /猫 眼 石 貞女 石 /贞女石 貞 石 /贞石- 賁石/贲石
赤石 赤石 脂 (chìshízhī)- 赭石 (zhěshí)
- 踐石/践石
- 踏腳
石 /踏脚石 輝石 /辉石 (huīshí)- 逃石
酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)- 醒酒
石 采 石 磯 重 晶 石 (zhòngjīngshí)金剛石 /金 刚石 (jīngāngshí)金 瓜 石 金石 (jīnshí)金石 交金石 例 金石 奏 金石 學 /金石 学 (jīnshíxué)金石 文 金石 索 金石 聲 /金石 声 金石 語 /金石 语金石 錄 /金石 录金 紅 石 /金 红石 (jīnhóngshí)- 釷石/钍石
鋪 路 石 /铺路石 - 鋰輝
石 /锂辉石 (lǐhuīshí) 錫 石 /锡石 (xīshí)- 鍮石/𨱎
石 鐘 乳 石 /钟乳石 (zhōngrǔshí)鐵石 人 /铁石人 鐵石 心 腸 /铁石心 肠 (tiěshíxīncháng)- 鑽石/钻石 (zuànshí)
- 鑽石
婚 /钻石婚 長石 /长石 (chángshí)陶 石 陽 起 石 /阳起石 (yángqǐshí)隕石 /陨石 (yǔnshí)- 雞冠
石 /鸡冠石 雙 石頭 /双石 头- 雞血
石 /鸡血石 離 石 /离石 (Líshí)雨 花石 雲石 /云 石 (yúnshí)電 石 /电石 (diànshí)電 石 燈 /电石灯 霞 石 (xiáshí)青田 石 - 頑石/顽石 (wánshí)
頭頂 石 /头顶石 (Tóudǐngshí)飛石 /飞石 (fēishí)魔法 石 魚 石 脂 /鱼石脂 - 鵝卵
石 /鹅卵石 (éluǎnshí) 黃石 /黄石 (Huángshí)黃石 公 /黄石 公 (Huángshígōng)黃石 港 /黄石 港 (Huángshígǎng)點 石 成金 /点 石 成金 (diǎnshíchéngjīn)- 黳石
齒石 /齿石
Descendants
[edit](Others)
- → Tocharian B: cāk
Etymology 2
[edit]Contains pronunciations from 擔/担 (dàn) (Qiu, 1988, p. 220).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daam3 / sek6
- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): dan3
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5te
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
- Wade–Giles: tan4
- Yale: dàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
- Palladius: дань (danʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
- Wade–Giles: shih2
- Yale: shŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: daam3 / sek6
- Yale: daam / sehk
- Cantonese Pinyin: daam3 / sek9
- Guangdong Romanization: dam3 / ség6
- Sinological IPA (key): /taːm³³/, /sɛːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dan3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tã²¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Wu
Definitions
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “
石 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じゃく (jaku)←じやく (zyaku, historical)
- Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: しく (shiku)
- Kan’yō-on: こく (koku, Jōyō †); しゃく (shaku, Jōyō †)←しやく (syaku, historical)
- Kun: いし (ishi,
石 , Jōyō); いわ (iwa)←いは (ifa, historical) - Nanori: あつ (atsu); いさ (isa); いす (isu); いそ (iso); かた (kata); し (shi); せっく (sekku); と (to)
Compounds
[edit]標 石 (hyōseki, “markstone”)石 南 花 (shakunage),石 楠 花 (shakunage)石 英 (sekiei, “quartz; crystal”)石 菖 (sekishō, “Japanese sweet flag”)石 製 (sekisei, “stonen”)石 炭 (sekitan, “coal”)石 板 (sekiban, “slate”)石 版 (sekiban, “lithograph”)石 盤 (sekiban, “slate”)石 油 (sekiyu, “oil, petroleum”)石 灰 (sekkai, “lime (mineral), quicklime, caustic lime”)石 棺 (sekkan, “sarcophagus; stone coffin”)懐 石 (kaiseki, “simple meal eaten before tea is served”)化 石 (kaseki, “fossil, fossil remains; petrifaction, fossilisation”)岩 石 (ganseki, “rock”)奇 石 (kiseki, “rare stone; precious gem”)輝 石 (kiseki, “pyroxene, augite”)金 剛 石 (kongōseki, “diamond”)歯 石 (shiseki, “dental calculus, tartar”)- 硝
石 (shōseki, “saltpetre”) 聖 石 (seiseki, “holy stone, rock or mineral”)胆 石 (tanseki, “gallstones”)宝 石 (hōseki, “gemstone”)木 石 (bokuseki, “trees and stones”)石蓴 (aosa, “sea lettuce”)石 見 (Iwami)流石 (sasuga)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
いし Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
⟨isi⟩ → /iɕi/
From Old Japanese.[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *esoy.
Likely cognate with
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a stone
- 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
体 が石 のように堅 い毛 で覆 われており、守 りがかたい。- Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
- With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.
- (slang, electronics) a transistor
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
こく Grade: 1 |
kan'yōon |
From Middle Chinese 斛 (MC huwk).
The
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a traditional Japanese unit of volume:
- a unit of quantity for
鮭 (sake, “salmon”) and鱒 (masu, “trout”); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout
Derived terms
[edit]石 高 (kokudaka)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
せき Grade: 1 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
[edit]Counter
[edit]- counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
- (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
六 石 ラジオ- rokuseki rajio
- six-transistor radio
Noun
[edit]- Same as こく (koku) above
Affix
[edit]- stone
- needle made of stone
- go stone
- something solid but worthless
- Short for
石見 国 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988)
国語 大 辞典 (新装 版 ) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 돌〯 (Yale: twǒl) | 셕〮 (Yale: syék) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰʌ̹k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [석]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 석유 (
石油 , seogyu) - 석탄 (
石炭 , seoktan) - 석류 (
石榴 , seongnyu) - 운석 (
隕石 , unseok) - 암석 (
巖 石 , amseok) - 옥석 (
玉石 , okseok) - 석회 (
石灰 , seokhoe) - 반석 (
盤石 , banseok) - 광석 (
鑛石 , gwangseok) - 비석 (
碑石 , biseok) - 초석 (
礎石 , choseok) - 화석 (
化石 , hwaseok) - 석탑 (
石塔 , seoktap) - 자석 (
磁石 , jaseok) - 휘석 (
輝石 , hwiseok) - 석불 (
石佛 , seokbul) - 투석 (
投石 , tuseok) - 석재 (
石材 , seokjae) - 보석 (
寶石 , boseok) - 석굴 (
石窟 , seokgul) - 금석 (
金石 , geumseok) - 정석 (
定石 , jeongseok) - 청금석 (
靑 金石 , cheonggeumseok) - 석기 (
石器 , seokgi) - 석면 (
石綿 , seongmyeon) - 석공 (
石工 , seokgong) - 석각 (
石刻 , seokgak) - 석조 (
石造 , seokjo)
Kunigami
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Miyako
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with
Noun
[edit]- a stone
- , text here
多良 志比 賣 可 尾 能美 許 等 能 奈都良 須等美 多多 志 世利 斯伊 志 遠 多礼 美吉 - tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi1ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki1
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- [Note: Another version replaces na turasu to2 with
阿 由 都 流 等 (ayu turu to2, “catching sweetfishes”)
- , text here
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Japanese:
石 (ishi)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]化石 (hóa thạch/hoá thạch, “fossil”)天 石 (thiên thạch, “meteorite”)岩石 (nham thạch, “rock”)石 圈 (thạch quyển, “lithosphere”)石 崇 (thạch sùng, “common house gecko”)石膏 (thạch cao, “gypsum”)石英 (thạch anh, “quartz”)磐石 (bàn thạch, “boulder”)錦 石 (cẩm thạch, “marble”)
References
[edit]Yaeyama
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Yonaguni
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Japanese
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- “いち【
石 】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
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石 - Kunigami single-kanji terms
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石 - Miyako single-kanji terms
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石 - Okinawan single-kanji terms
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石 - Yaeyama single-kanji terms
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石 - Yonaguni single-kanji terms