泥
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17311
- Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1595, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6CE5
Chinese
[edit]trad. | ||
---|---|---|
simp. # | ||
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology 1
[edit]Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007),
On the other hand, STEDT compares
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyi2
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): nà̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gni
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ní
- Wade–Giles: ni2
- Yale: ní
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nai4
- Yale: nàih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nai4
- Guangdong Romanization: nei4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɐi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdai²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nài / nì
- Hakka Romanization System: naiˇ / niˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nai2 / ni2
- Sinological IPA: /nai̯¹¹/, /ni¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- nài/nai2 - colloquial;
- nì/ni2 - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nà̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡɛ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî
- Tâi-lô: lî
- Phofsit Daibuun: lii
- IPA (Quanzhou): /li²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
- Tâi-lô: lê
- Phofsit Daibuun: lee
- IPA (Quanzhou): /le²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nê
- Tâi-lô: nê
- Phofsit Daibuun: nee
- IPA (Xiamen): /nẽ²⁴/
- nî/lî - vernacular;
- lê/nê - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ni³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ni²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ni⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ȵi⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ni⁴²/ /mi⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ni⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ni²⁴/ | |
Xining | /mji²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /mi⁵³/ /ni⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ȵi⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵi⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /ni²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ȵi³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ni²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ni³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /li²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /mz̩⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ni¹¹/ ~ /ni⁴⁵/ ~ |
Pingyao | /ȵi¹³/ ~牆牆 /ȵi³⁵/ ~ | |
Hohhot | /ni³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵi²³/ |
Suzhou | /ȵi¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ȵi²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ȵi³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ni⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ȵie⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵi¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵi¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵi⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /nai¹¹/ /ni¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /nɑi¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nɐi²¹/ |
Nanning | /nɐi²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /nɐi²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ne³⁵/ /ni³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /nɛ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ni²¹/ /nai³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /nĩ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ni³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: nej
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤ[əj]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*niːl/
Definitions
[edit]- mud (Classifier: 嚿 c; 坺 c)
- (dialectal) soil; earth
- any mush-like substance
- (obsolete) paint (used on walls)
- An ancient river in modern Hunan
- An ancient river in modern Gansu
- (obsolete) weak
- (Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea
- a surname
- (~
母 ) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of泥 (MC nej)
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]一丸 泥 丸 泥 判 若 雲泥 /判 若 云 泥 削 鐵 如泥/削 铁如泥 印 泥 (yìnní)叉 灰 泥 和 稀 泥 (huò xī ní)困 處 泥 塗 /困 处泥涂土 泥 垢 泥 壁 上 泥 皮 - 如泥
封 泥 帶 水 拖泥/带水拖泥- 拖泥
帶 水 /拖泥带水 (tuōnídàishuǐ) - 抹稀
泥 排 泥 閥 /排 泥 阀敷 彩 泥 塑- 曳尾
泥 塗 /曳尾泥 涂 木 雕泥塑末 泥 棗 泥 /枣泥水泥 (shuǐní)水泥 叢林 /水泥 丛林 (shuǐní cónglín)水泥 漆 水泥 熟 料 水泥 船 - 汙泥/污泥 (wūní)
泥中 泥中 刺 泥中 隱 刺 /泥中 隐刺泥 丸 (níwán)泥 人 (nírén)泥 人 張 /泥 人 张泥土 (nítǔ)泥 地 泥 坑 (níkēng)泥 坯泥 垢 (nígòu)泥 垣 宮 /泥 垣 宫泥 堆 泥 塑泥 塗 /泥 涂泥 塘 (nítáng)泥 塑木雕泥 塞 竹 管 泥 多 佛 大 泥 娃娃 (níwáwa)泥 孩兒 /泥 孩儿泥 封 泥 封 函 谷 泥 崩 泥 工 (nígōng)泥 巴 泥 掌 泥板岩 (níbǎnyán)泥水 (níshuǐ)泥水 匠 (níshuǐjiàng)泥水 工 (níshuǐgōng)泥水 自 蔽泥 汙/泥 污泥沙 (níshā)泥沙 俱下油 泥 (yóuní)泥沼 (nízhǎo)沼 泥 泡沫 水泥 泥 流 (níliú)泥 活字 泥 淖 (nínào)泥 滓 泥 漿/泥 浆 (níjiāng)泥 潦 泥濘 /泥 泞 (nínìng)泥火山 (níhuǒshān)泥 灰 泥 灶泥炭 (nítàn)泥 煤 (níméi)泥 牆/泥 墙泥 版 泥 牛 泥 牛 入海 (níniú-rùhǎi)泥 犁泥 瓦 匠 (níwǎjiàng)泥 療/泥 疗泥 盆 紀 /泥 盆 纪 (Nípén Jì)泥 石 流 (níshíliú)泥 磚/泥 砖泥 窗 泥 肥 泥 胎泥 胎兒 /泥 胎儿泥 腳/泥 脚 泥 腿 泥 腿 光 棍泥 船 渡河 泥 蟠 泥 豬/泥 猪 泥 豬瓦狗 /泥 猪 瓦 狗 泥足 巨人 泥醉 泥 金 泥 金 帖 子 泥 金 箋/泥 金 笺泥 鞋窄襪/泥 鞋窄袜泥 頭 /泥 头泥 頭 酒 /泥 头酒泥 飯 碗 /泥 饭碗泥 首 泥 馬 /泥 马泥 鰍 /泥 鳅 (níqiū)泥 鰻 /泥 鳗泥 點 兒 /泥 点 儿泥 龍 /泥 龙洗 泥 - 淈泥
- 淤泥 (yūní)
澄 泥 硯 /澄 泥 砚火 泥 爐 石 水泥 /炉 石 水泥 爛 泥 /烂泥 (lànní)爛 醉 如泥/烂醉如泥- 牆上
泥 皮 /墙上泥 皮 - 砍鐵如泥/砍铁如泥
稀 泥 (xīní)紫 泥 紫 泥 封 綠泥 石 /绿泥石 - 罡神
泥 鬼 膠 泥 /胶泥臭 泥 芋 泥 (yùní)蒜 泥 (suànní)醉 如泥金泥 鋼 骨 水泥 /钢骨水泥 障泥 雪 泥 鴻 爪 /雪 泥 鸿爪雲泥 /云 泥 (yúnní)雲泥 之 別 /云 泥 之 别 (yúnnízhībié)雲泥 異 路 /云 泥 异路- 霑泥絮/沾泥絮
青 泥 黃 泥 塘/黄 泥 塘 (Huángnítáng)
Etymology 2
[edit]Schuessler (2007) suggests it is the exopassive derivation of 敜 (OC *nɯːb, “to stop up”) or 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “to stop up”) and is distinct from
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nì
- Wade–Giles: ni4
- Yale: nì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nai6 / nei6
- Yale: naih / neih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nai6 / nei6
- Guangdong Romanization: nei6 / néi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɐi̯²²/, /nei̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: nejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤər(ʔ)-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*niːls/
Definitions
[edit]- to hold up; to bog down
- 雖
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Suī xiǎodào, bì yǒu kěguān zhě yān, zhì yuǎn kǒng nì, shìyǐ jūnzǐ bù wéi yě. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
小道 ,必有 可 觀 者 焉,致遠 恐 泥 ,是 以君子 不 為 也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
虽小道 ,必有 可 观者 焉,致远恐 泥 ,是 以君子 不 为也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to plaster; to cover with plaster
- stubborn; obstinate
拘 泥 ― jūní ― to rigidly adhere to
- to pester using soft words
- to be obsessed with and be reluctant to let go of
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nǐ
- Wade–Giles: ni3
- Yale: nǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nai5
- Yale: náih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nai5
- Guangdong Romanization: nei5
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɐi̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]- Only used in
泥 泥 .
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nìng
- Wade–Giles: ning4
- Yale: nìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ninq
- Palladius: нин (nin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /niŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]- Only used in
泥 母 .
Etymology 5
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of (This character is a variant form of 涅). |
Etymology 6
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of (This character is a variant form of 屔). |
References
[edit]- “
泥 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014– - Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (
教育 部 異體 字 字典 ), A02161 - Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (
教育 部 異體 字 字典 ), B00771-003-1 - (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) →ISBN.
- (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (
臺灣 閩南語 常用 詞 辭典 )
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ない (nai)
- Kan-on: でい (dei, Jōyō)
- Kun: どろ (doro,
泥 , Jōyō); なずむ (nazumu,泥 む)←なづむ (nadumu,泥 む, historical)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
どろ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]泥沼 (doronuma): bog泥 仕 合 (dorojiai): mudslinging
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
[edit]- Nom Foundation
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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泥 - Chinese nouns classified by 嚿
- Chinese nouns classified by 坺
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- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- zh:Rivers in Hunan
- zh:Rivers in China
- zh:Places in Hunan
- zh:Places in China
- zh:Rivers in Gansu
- zh:Places in Gansu
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading なず・む
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading なづ・む
- Japanese terms spelled with
泥 read as どろ - Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
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