假
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Japanese | |
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Simplified | |
Traditional |
Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 835
- Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 196, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5047
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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2nd round simp. | 𬽥 | |
alternative forms | 叚 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit]- “to borrow; false”
- The sense evolved in the following manner: "to borrow" > "simulate" > "deception; false".
- Cognate with Tibetan ཀར་སྐྱིན (kar skyin, “loan; thing borrowed”). An allofam is probably
雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ, “to hire”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ga3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jia2
- Northern Min (KCR): gǎ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gā
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ka; 5cia
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jia3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎ
- Wade–Giles: chia3
- Yale: jyǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jea
- Palladius: цзя (czja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaa2
- Yale: gá
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaa2
- Guangdong Romanization: ga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ga3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká
- Hakka Romanization System: ga`
- Hagfa Pinyim: ga3
- Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jia2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gā
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- ké/kée - vernacular;
- ká - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gê2 / gia2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ké / kiá
- Sinological IPA (key): /ke⁵²/, /kia⁵²/
Note:
- gê2 - vernacular;
- gia2 - literary.
Note:
- ge2 - vernacular;
- gia3 - literary.
Note:
- 2ka - vernacular;
- 2jia - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jia3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯a̠⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kaeX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kˤraʔ/, /*kˤraʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]- to lend; to borrow; to loan
- (archaic, historical, politics) acting
- to make use of
- to disguise; to fake; to pretend
- forged; artificial; false
- falsehood; deception
真 假 ― zhēnjiǎ ― real and fake; authenticity
- From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18th century CE
- Jiǎ zuò zhēn shí zhēn yì jiǎ, wú wéi yǒu chù yǒu huán wú. [Pinyin]
- When falsehood stands for truth, truth likewise becomes false[hood]; where naught be made to aught, aught changes into naught.
假 作 真 時 真 亦 假 ,無 為 有 處 有 還 無 。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]假 作 真 时真 亦 假 ,无为有 处有 还无。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- if; assuming
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]不 假 不 假 思索 (bùjiǎ-sīsuǒ)不 假 辭色 /不 假 辞色 久 假 不歸 /久 假 不 归 (jiǔjiǎbùguī)- 以假
為真 /以假为真 作 假 (zuòjiǎ)便 假 若 假 仁 假 義 /假 仁 假 义 (jiǎrénjiǎyì)假 仙 假 以辭色 /假 以辞色 假 以顏色 /假 以颜色 假 似 假 使 (jiǎshǐ)假借 (jiǎjiè)假借 義 /假借 义假 充 假 公 濟 私 /假 公 济私 (jiǎgōngjìsī)假 冒 (jiǎmào)假 分數 /假 分数 (jiǎfēnshù)假 力 假 力 於人/假 力 于人假名 (jiǎmíng)假 唱 (jiǎchàng)假 嗓子假 執行 /假 执行假 女 假 如 (jiǎrú)假 子 假定 (jiǎdìng)假 寐 (jiǎmèi)假寓 假 寵 /假 宠假 對 /假 对假 局 子 假 山 (jiǎshān)假 平等 假 座 假 廝兒/假 厮儿假性 (jiǎxìng)假性 近視 /假性 近 视假 息 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)假 意 (jiǎyì)假 意 周旋 假 惺惺 (jiǎxīngxīng)假想 敵 /假想 敌 (jiǎxiǎngdí)假 戲 真 做/假 戏真做假 手 假 手 他人 (jiǎshǒutārén)假 手 於人/假 手 于人 (jiǎshǒuyúrén)假 托 (jiǎtuō)假 扣押 (jiǎ kòuyā)假 扮 (jiǎbàn)假 批子假 招子假 捏 假 撇清假 果 假 根 假 榻假 正 經 /假 正 经 (jiǎzhèngjing)假死 (jiǎsǐ)假 決議 /假 决议假 洋 鬼子 假 父 假 牙 (jiǎyá)假稱 /假称 (jiǎchēng)假 節 /假 节假 聲 /假 声 (jiǎshēng)假 若 (jiǎruò)假 葉 /假 叶 假 藉/假借 假處分 /假 处分假裝 /假装 (jiǎzhuāng)假 言 命題 /假 言 命 题假設 /假 设 (jiǎshè)假 話 /假 话 (jiǎhuà)假象 (jiǎxiàng)假 貨/假 货 (jiǎhuò)假 貸 /假 贷假 造 (jiǎzào)假 途 滅 虢/假 途 灭虢假 道 (jiǎdào)假 道學 /假 道学 假 釋 /假 释 (jiǎshì)假 鈔/假 钞 (jiǎchāo)假面 (jiǎmiàn)假面 具 (jiǎmiànjù)假面 劇 /假面 剧 (jiǎmiànjù)假 食 假 館 /假 馆假 饒 /假 饶假 髮 /假 发 (jiǎfà)優 假 /优假喬 文 假 醋 /乔文假 醋 因 公 假 私 天 假 之 年 天 假 因緣 /天 假 因 缘天 假 良緣 /天 假 良 缘寬 假 /宽假將 假作 真 /将 假作 真 將 假 當 真 /将 假 当 真 平假名 (píngjiǎmíng)弄 假 成 真 (nòngjiǎchéngzhēn)弄 虛 作 假 /弄 虚 作 假 (nòngxūzuòjiǎ)強 文 假 醋 /强 文 假 醋 打 假 球 (dǎjiǎqiú)- 搬假
戲 /搬假戏 - 摻假/掺假 (chānjiǎ)
- 撇假
- 攙假/搀假 (chānjiǎ)
- 枵鬼
假 細 膩/枵鬼假 细腻 (iau-kúi ké sè-jī) 片假名 (piànjiǎmíng)狐 假 虎 威 (hújiǎhǔwēi)狐 假 鴟 張 /狐 假 鸱张理論 假設 /理 论假设當 真 假 /当 真 假 真 假 (zhēnjiǎ)真 真 假 假 (zhēnzhēnjiǎjiǎ)糊 假 棺 虎 威 狐 假 虛假 /虚假 (xūjiǎ)虛 情 假 意 /虚 情 假 意 衿 假 袂 博 假 博 (bē-phok-ké-phok) (Min Nan)裝 假 /装 假 (zhuāngjiǎ)言 真道 假 調 假 /调假造 假 (zàojiǎ)通 假 (tōngjiǎ)酸 文 假 醋 附會 假借 /附会 假借
Descendants
[edit]- → Lingao: ke¹ (via Hainanese)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jia3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ga3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jia3
- Northern Min (KCR): gǎ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gá
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ka
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jia3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jià
- Wade–Giles: chia4
- Yale: jyà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiah
- Palladius: цзя (czja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jia3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gia
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaa3
- Yale: ga
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaa3
- Guangdong Romanization: ga3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ga3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká / ka
- Hakka Romanization System: ga` / ga
- Hagfa Pinyim: ga3 / ga4
- Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/, /ka⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jia3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gá
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- kè - vernacular;
- kà - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gê3 / gia2 / gian2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kè / kiá / kiáⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ke²¹³/, /kia⁵²/, /kĩã⁵²/
Note:
- gê3 - vernacular;
- gia2/gian2 - literary.
Note:
- ge3 - vernacular;
- gia3 - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕia⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕia⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕia²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕia³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕia²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕia¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕia¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕia²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕia⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕia⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕia²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕia̠²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕia²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕia⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕiɑ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ka³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/ /kɑ⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /ko⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕia³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /kɔ³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕia⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕiɒ⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kɑ²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ka³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /kɑ³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ka³³/ |
Nanning | /kʰa³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /ka³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ka²¹/ /ke²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kɑ²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ka²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kia⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kɛ³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: kaeH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraːs/
Definitions
[edit]Compounds
[edit]不 假 外出 - 乞假 (qǐjià)
予 假 (yǔjià)事 假 (shìjià)休 假 (xiūjià)例 假 (lìjià)例 假 日 假 日 (jiàrì)假 日 花 市 假 期 (jiàqī)假 樂 /假 乐公 假 准 假 (zhǔnjià)參 假 /参 假 (cānjià)告 假 (gàojià)告 謊假/告 谎假國定 假 日 /国定 假 日 寒 假 (hánjià)年 假 (niánjià)度 假 勝地 /度 假 胜地度 假 村 (dùjiàcūn)彈性 放 假 /弹性放 假 (tánxìng fàngjià)放 假 (fàngjià)放 假 日 春 假 (chūnjià)暑 假 (shǔjià)求 假 渡 假 (dùjià)無 薪 假 /无薪假 (wúxīnjià)產 假 /产假 (chǎnjià)病 假 (bìngjià)節 假 /节假給 假 /给假續 假 /续假 (xùjià)羅 馬 假 期 /罗马假 期 補 假 /补假 (bǔjià)- 請假/请假 (qǐngjià)
賜 假 /赐假連續 假 日 /连续假 日 - 銷假/销假 (xiāojià)
長 假 /长假 (chángjià)
Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄜˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gé
- Wade–Giles: ko2
- Yale: gé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ger
- Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎ
- Wade–Giles: chia3
- Yale: jyǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jea
- Palladius: цзя (czja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]- † Same as
格 (gé).
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “
假 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit](Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 강 (Yale: {{{2}}}) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 | 빌 (Yale: {{{2}}}) | 가 (Yale: {{{2}}}) |
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 | 빌 (Yale: {{{2}}}) | 가 (Yale: {{{2}}}) |
Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 | 빌 (Yale: {{{2}}}) | 가 (Yale: {{{2}}}) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 가가 (
假 家 , gaga) - 가골 (
假 骨 , gagol) - 가과 (
假 果 , gagwa) - 가관 (
假 官 , gagwan) - 가교 (
假 橋 , gagyo) - 가구 (
假構 , gagu) - 가대 (
假 貸 , gadae) - 가도 (
假 道 , gado) - 가량 (
假 量 , garyang) - 가령 (
假令 , garyeong) - 가면 (
假面 , gamyeon) - 가명 (
假名 , gamyeong) - 가발 (
假 髮 , gabal) - 가분 (
假 扮 , gabun) - 가불 (
假 拂 , gabul) - 가상 (
假象 , gasang) - 가상 (
假想 , gasang) - 가상 (
假 像 , gasang) - 가설 (
假設 , gaseol) - 가설 (
假說 , gaseol) - 가성 (
假性 , gaseong) - 가수 (
假數 , gasu) - 가식 (
假 飾 , gasik) - 가장 (
假裝 , gajang) - 가정 (
假定 , gajeong) - 가족 (
假 足 , gajok) - 가차 (
假借 , gacha) - 가칭 (
假稱 , gaching) - 가함 (
假 銜, gaham) - 진가 (
眞 假 , jin'ga) - 가건물 (
假 建物 , gageonmul) - 가결의 (
假 決議 , gagyeorui) - 가계정 (
假 計 定 , gagyejeong) - 가면극 (
假面 劇 , gamyeon'geuk) - 가상적 (
假想 敵 , gasangjeok) - 가석방 (
假釋放 , gaseokbang) - 가수요 (
假 需要 , gasuyo) - 가압류 (
假 押留, gaamnyu) - 가정법 (
假定 法 , gajeongbeop) - 가정적 (
假定 的 , gajeongjeok) - 가종피 (
假 種皮 , gajongpi) - 가처분 (
假處分 , gacheobun) - 가감역관 (
假 監 役 官 , gagamyeokgwan) - 가도멸괵 (
假 道 滅 㶁, gadomyeolgoek) - 가롱성진 (
假 弄 成 眞 , garongseongjin) - 가언판단 (
假 言 判斷 , ga'eonpandan) - 가호위호 (
假 虎 威 狐 , gahowiho) - 농가성진 (
弄 假 成 眞 , nonggaseongjin) - 호가호위 (
狐 假 虎 威 , hogahowi)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [하]
Hanja
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [격]
Hanja
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子 字典 . [2]
Tày
[edit]Adjective
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
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