가

See also: -가

(see here for the particle and verbal suffix)

가 U+AC00, 가 HANGUL SYLLABLE GA Composition: ㄱ + ㅏ [unassigned: U+ABFA–U+ABFF] ← ꯹ [U+ABF9] Hangul Syllables 각 → [U+AC01]

㈎ U+320E, ㈎ PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK A ← ㈍ [U+320D] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈏ → [U+320F]

㉮ U+326E, ㉮ CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK A ← ㉭ [U+326D] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉯ → [U+326F]

가각갂갃간갅갆 갇갈갉갊갋갌갍 갎갏감갑값갓갔 강갖갗갘같갚갛
	→ 개

Korean

Etymology 1

ㄱ (g) is the first consonant and ㅏ (a) is the first vowel in the ordering of hangul.

Symbol

가 • (ga)

1. The first syllable in the standard ordering of hangul, the Korean alphabet; often used to mark the first item of a list or sub-list, equivalent to English A and Japanese あ.

Derived terms

• 가갸시절 (gagyasijeol, “childhood; time when you first learn your letters”)(North Korea)

See also

• 갑(甲かぶと) (gap)

Etymology 2

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍りゅう飛ひ御ご天てん歌か / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᇫ〯 (Yale: kǒz).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠(ː)]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ga
McCune–Reischauer?	ka
Yale Romanization?	kā

Noun

가 • (ga)

1. (especially in compounds) border, edge, end

   Antonyms: 속 (sok), 안 (an)

   강가 ― gangga ― riverside

   냇가 ― naetga ― streamside

   우물가 ― umulga ― well side

2. (with an implied or explicit possessor) around, nearby, beside

   Synonyms: 옆 (yeop), 주변(周邊しゅうへん) (jubyeon)

   그 가에 나는 앉았다. ― Geu ga-e na-neun anjatda. ― I sat beside it.

   부처님 가에 꽃들이 만발했다.

   Bucheonim ga-e kkot-deur-i manbal-haetda.

   The flowers were in full bloom around the Buddha.

3. brim (of a vessel)

   참기름을 따를 때 가에 흘리지 않도록 조심해라.

   Chamgireum-eul ttareul ttae ga-e heulliji an-torok josimhaera.

   Be careful not to spill on the brim when pouring sesame oil.

Usage notes

• In compounds, it takes the genitive ㅅ (-s-).

Derived terms

• 가없다 (ga'eopda, “to be boundless, limitless”)
• 강가 (江こう—, gangga, “riverside”)
• 길가 (gilga, “roadside”)
• 난롯가 (煖爐だんろ—, nallotga, “fireside”)
• 물가 (mulga, “shore”)
• 바닷가 (badatga, “seaside”)
• 입가 (ipga, “lips”)
• 호숫가 (hosutga, “lakeside, lakeshore”)

 

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 家いえ (“house, family”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [가]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ga
McCune–Reischauer?	ka
Yale Romanization?	ka

Noun

가 • (ga) (hanja 家いえ)

1. (formal) family, household

   Synonym: 가족(家族かぞく) (gajok)

2. (chiefly in compounds) dynasty, lineage, household, House

   합스부르크가 ― hapseubureukeu-ga ― House of Hapsburg

   재벌가 ― jaebeol-ga ― corporate family

Suffix

—가 • (-ga) (hanja 家いえ)

1. -er, -ist

   Synonyms: 자(者しゃ) (ja), 수(手て) (su)

   ‎건축(建築けんちく) (geonchuk, “architecture”) + ‎가(家いえ) (ga) → ‎건축가(建築けんちく家か) (geonchukga, “architect”)

   ‎전략(戰略せんりゃく) (jeollyak, “strategy”) + ‎가(家いえ) (ga) → ‎전략가(戰略せんりゃく家か) (jeollyakga, “strategist”)

   ‎자본(資本しほん) (jabon, “capital”) + ‎가(家いえ) (ga) → ‎자본가(資本しほん家か) (jabon'ga, “capitalist”)

   ‎애묘(愛あい猫ねこ) (aemyo, “loving cats”) + ‎가(家いえ) (ga) → ‎애묘가(愛あい猫ねこ家か) (aemyoga, “cat-lover”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 家いえ for Sino-Korean compounds of 가 (家いえ, ga).

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 可か (“possible”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠(ː)]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ga
McCune–Reischauer?	ka
Yale Romanization?	kā

Noun

가 • (ga) (hanja 可か)

1. (chiefly suffixal) allowed; permitted

   Antonym: 불가(不可ふか) (bulga)

   15세 관람 가 ― sibose gwallam ga ― those of age 15 permitted to watch

   분할 상환 가 ― bunhal sanghwan ga ― divided reimbursement allowed

2. aye, for (in meetings, etc.)

   Antonym: 부(否いな) (bu)

   의원 여러분께서는 본 안건에 대해 가인지 부인지를 결정해주시기를 바랍니다.

   Uiwon yeoreobun-kkeseo-neun bon an'geon-e daehae ga-inji bu-inji-reul gyeoljeonghae-jusigi-reul baramnida.

   Members of parliament, please decide whether you are for or against on this agenda.

3. The lowest score in the five-point grading system in South Korean schools, ultimately abolished in 2012; equivalent to E or F in the Roman alphabet grading scheme.

   Coordinate terms: 수(秀しゅう) (su), 우(優ゆう) (u), 미(美よし) (mi), 양(良りょう) (yang)

Derived terms

• 가(可か)하다 (gahada, “to be permitted”)
• See the hanja entry at 可か for Sino-Korean compounds of 가 (可か, ga).

Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 價あたい (“price, value”).

Suffix

—가 • (-ga) (hanja 價あたい)

1. price
2. (physics, after a numeral) valence

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 價あたい for Sino-Korean compounds of 가 (價あたい, ga).

Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 街まち (“street”).

Suffix

—가 • (-ga) (hanja 街まち)

1. (in address names) street

   종로3가 ― jongno-sam-ga ― Jongno, third street

Derived terms

• 다우닝가 (dauningga, “Downing Street”)
• 매디슨가 (maediseun'ga, “Madison Avenue”)
• 월가 (wolga, “Wall Street”)

 

• See the hanja entry at 街まち for Sino-Korean compounds of 가 (街まち, ga).

Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 假かり (“false”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠(ː)]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ga
McCune–Reischauer?	ka
Yale Romanization?	kā

Prefix

가— • (ga-) (hanja 假かり)

1. false
2. temporary

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 假かり for Sino-Korean compounds of 가 (假かり, ga).

Related terms

• 가짜 (gajja, “fake”)

 

Etymology 8

Sino-Korean word from 加か (“to add”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [가]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ga
McCune–Reischauer?	ka
Yale Romanization?	ka

Root

가 • (ga) (hanja 加か)

1. Root of 가하다 (gahada). Rarely used alone.

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 加か for Sino-Korean compounds of 가 (加か, ga).

Etymology 9

From Middle Korean 가〮 (Yale: ká); see the main entry for more.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [가]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	ga
McCune–Reischauer?	ka
Yale Romanization?	ka

Verb

가 • (ga)

1. infinitive of 가다 (gada, “to go”): see 가다 (gada), 어 (-eo).
2. informal non-polite non-past indicative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)
3. informal non-polite non-past interrogative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)
4. informal non-polite hortative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)
5. informal non-polite imperative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)
6. formal non-polite cause/reason of 가다 (gada, “to go”)

Etymology 10

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

가 (ga)

More information

1. 仮かり: lie

   (eumhun reading: 거짓 가 (geojit ga))
   (MC reading: 仮かり)

2. 伽とぎ: temple

   (eumhun reading: 절 가 (jeol ga))
   (MC reading: 伽とぎ (MC gja))

3. 佳けい: beautiful

   (eumhun reading: 아름다울 가 (areumdaul ga))
   (MC reading: 佳けい (MC kea))

4. 假かり: lie

   (eumhun reading: 거짓 가 (geojit ga))
   (MC reading: 假かり (MC kaeX|kaeH))

5. 傢: furniture

   (eumhun reading: 가구 가 (gagu ga))
   (MC reading: 傢)

6. 價あたい: price

   (eumhun reading: 값 가 (gap ga))
   (MC reading: 價あたい (MC kaeH))

7. 加か: to add

   (eumhun reading: 더할 가 (deohal ga))
   (MC reading: 加か (MC kae))

8. 可か: right; able

   (eumhun reading: 옳을 가 (oreul ga))
   (MC reading: 可か (MC khaX))

9. 呵しか: to scold

   (eumhun reading: 꾸짖을 가 (kkujijeul ga))
   (MC reading: 呵しか (MC xa|xaH))

10. 咖: coffee

    (eumhun reading: 커피 가 (keopi ga))
    (MC reading: 咖)

11. 哥: a surname

    (eumhun reading: 성씨 가 (seongssi ga))
    (MC reading: 哥 (MC ka))

12. 哿: right, good

    (eumhun reading: 옳을 가 (oreul ga))
    (MC reading: 哿 (MC kaX))

13. 嘉よしみ: beautiful, joyous; happy

    (eumhun reading: 아름다울 가 (areumdaul ga))
    (MC reading: 嘉よしみ (MC kae))

14. 坷: uneven; unlevel

    (eumhun reading: 평탄하지 않을 가 (pyeongtanhaji aneul ga))
    (MC reading: 坷 (MC khaX|khaH))

15. 嫁よめ: get married (of women)

    (eumhun reading: 시집갈 가 (sijipgal ga))
    (MC reading: 嫁よめ (MC kaeH))

16. 宊: house

    (eumhun reading: 집 가 (jip ga))
    (MC reading: 宊 (MC thwot))

17. 家いえ: house

    (eumhun reading: 집 가 (jip ga))
    (MC reading: 家いえ (MC kae))

18. 苛: severe; harsh

    (eumhun reading: 가혹할 가 (gahokhal ga))
    (MC reading: 苛 (MC ha))

19. 茄なす: lotus root, aubergine

    (eumhun reading: 연줄기, 가지 가 (yeonjulgi, gaji ga))
    (MC reading: 茄なす (MC gja|kae))

20. 葭かや: reed

    (eumhun reading: 갈대 가 (galdae ga))
    (MC reading: 葭かや (MC kae))

21. 斝: drinking-cup

    (eumhun reading: 술잔 가 (suljan ga))
    (MC reading: 斝 (MC kaeX))

22. 暇ひま: spare time

    (eumhun reading: 틈, 겨를 가 (teum, gyeoreul ga))
    (MC reading: 暇ひま (MC haeH))

23. 架か: rack

    (eumhun reading: 시렁 가 (sireong ga))
    (MC reading: 架か (MC kaeH))

24. 枷かせ: knife; flail

    (eumhun reading: 칼 가 (kal ga))
    (MC reading: 枷かせ (MC gja|kae))

25. 柯: branch

    (eumhun reading: 가지 가 (gaji ga))
    (MC reading: 柯 (MC ka))

26. 榎えのき: catalpa

    (eumhun reading: 개오동나무 가 (gae'odongnamu ga))
    (MC reading: 榎えのき (MC kaeX))

27. 檟: catalpa

    (eumhun reading: 개오동나무 가 (gae'odongnamu ga))
    (MC reading: 檟 (MC kaeX))

28. 歌うた: music; song

    (eumhun reading: 노래 가 (norae ga))
    (MC reading: 歌うた (MC ka))

29. 珂: agate

    (eumhun reading: 마노 가 (mano ga))
    (MC reading: 珂 (MC kha))

30. 珈: hair ornament

    (eumhun reading: 머리꾸미개 가 (meorikkumigae ga))
    (MC reading: 珈 (MC kae))

31. 迦: used in transliterating Sanskrit

    (eumhun reading: 부처 이름 가 (bucheo ireum ga))
    (MC reading: 迦 (MC kja|kae))

32. 痂かさぶた: scab

    (eumhun reading: 딱지 가 (ttakji ga))
    (MC reading: 痂かさぶた (MC kae))

33. 稼: to plant

    (eumhun reading: 심을 가 (simeul ga))
    (MC reading: 稼 (MC kaeH))

34. 笳: a reed pipe

    (eumhun reading: 호드기 가 (hodeugi ga))
    (MC reading: 笳 (MC kae))

35. 耞: flail

    (eumhun reading: 도리깨 가 (dorikkae ga))
    (MC reading: 耞)

36. 舸はやぶね: boat; ship

    (eumhun reading: 배 가 (bae ga))
    (MC reading: 舸はやぶね (MC kaX))

37. 街まち: street

    (eumhun reading: 거리 가 (geori ga))
    (MC reading: 街まち (MC kea|keaj))

38. 袈: the robes of fully ordained Buddhist monks and nuns

    (eumhun reading: 가사 가 (gasa ga))
    (MC reading: 袈 (MC kae))

39. 訶: to scold

    (eumhun reading: 꾸짖을 가 (kkujijeul ga))
    (MC reading: 訶 (MC xa))

40. 謌: music; song

    (eumhun reading: 노래 가 (norae ga))
    (MC reading: 謌 (MC ka))

41. 賈: price, value

    (eumhun reading: 값 가 (gap ga))
    (MC reading: 賈 (MC kuX|kaeX|kaeH))

42. 跏: to do a lotus position

    (eumhun reading: 책상다리할 가 (chaeksangdarihal ga))
    (MC reading: 跏 (MC kae))

43. 軻: handcart, a surname

    (eumhun reading: 수레, 사람 이름 가 (sure, saram ireum ga))
    (MC reading: 軻 (MC kha|khaX|khaH))

44. 駕が: yoke

    (eumhun reading: 멍에 가 (meong'e ga))
    (MC reading: 駕が (MC kaeH))