사

See also: -사 and 仆

사 U+C0AC, 사 HANGUL SYLLABLE SA Composition: ㅅ + ㅏ ← 삫 [U+C0AB] Hangul Syllables 삭 → [U+C0AD]

㈔ U+3214, ㈔ PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SIOS A ← ㈓ [U+3213] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈕ → [U+3215]

㉴ U+3274, ㉴ CIRCLED HANGUL SIOS A ← ㉳ [U+3273] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉵ → [U+3275]

사삭삮삯산삱삲 삳살삵삶삷삸삹 삺삻삼삽삾삿샀 상샂샃샄샅샆샇
삐 ←	→ 새

Korean

Etymology 1

Korean numbers ^(edit)

	40
←  3	4	5  →
Native isol.: 넷 (net)     Native attr.: 네 (ne), (dated) 넉 (neok), (archaic) 너 (neo)     Sino-Korean: 사 (sa)     Hanja: 四よん     Ordinal: 넷째 (netjjae)

Sino-Korean word from 四よん.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sā

Numeral

사 • (sa) (hanja 四よん)

1. (Sino-Korean numeral) four

   Synonyms: 네 (ne, “four”, determiner native numeral), 넷 (net, “four”, nominal native numeral)

Usage notes

This numeral is sometimes considered unlucky because 사(四よん) (sa) is homophonous with 사(死し) (sa), the hanja for "death". This is common throughout East Asia.

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

• 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
• 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

• 종이 두 장(張ちょう) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
• 이 분(分ぶん) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
• 서른/삼십 명(名な) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

• 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

• 세 반(班はん) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
• 삼 반(班はん) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

• 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
• 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 社しゃ.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sa

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 社しゃ)

1. (formal) company

   Synonym: 회사(會社かいしゃ) (hoesa)

   그는 사를 나왔다. ― Geu-neun sa-reul nawatda. ― He left the company.

Suffix

—사 • (-sa) (hanja 社しゃ)

1. Short for 회사(會社かいしゃ) (hoesa, “company”).

   ‎신문(新聞しんぶん) (sinmun, “newspaper”) + ‎사(社しゃ) (sa) → ‎신문사(新聞しんぶん社しゃ) (sinmunsa, “newspaper agency”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 社しゃ for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (社しゃ, sa).

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 死し.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sā

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 死し)

1. (literary) death

   Antonym: 생(生せい) (saeng, “life”)

   생과 사의 문제 ― saeng-gwa sa-ui munje ― The question of life and death

   • 1926, 김우진／金きむ祐ゆう鎭<t:Kim Woo-jin>, 死し(사)와 生せい(생)의 理り(이)論ろん(론) [A theory on life and death]:

     아니요. 그러나 死し(사)를 바래고 잇소.

     Aniyo. Geureona sareul baraego itso.

     No. But, I am wishing for death.

Counter

사 • (sa) (hanja 死し)

1. (baseball) out

Derived terms

• 사(死し)하다 (sahada)
• See the hanja entry at 死し for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (死し, sa).

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 私わたし.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sa

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 私わたし)

1. private or personal affair

   Antonym: 공(公おおやけ) (gong)

   공과 사를 구분하다 ― gong-gwa sa-reul gubun-hada ― to distinguish what belongs to one's private and public/business life

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 私わたし for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (私わたし, sa).

Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 史ふみ.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sā

Noun

사 • (sa) (hanja 史ふみ)

1. (formal) history

   Synonym: 역사(歷史れきし) (yeoksa)

Suffix

—사 • (-sa) (hanja 史ふみ)

1. history

   ‎한국(韓國かんこく) (Han'guk, “Korea”) + ‎사(史ふみ) (sa) → ‎한국사(韓國かんこく史し) (han'guksa, “Korean history”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 史ふみ for Sino-Korean compounds of 사 (史ふみ, sa).

Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sa
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sa
McCune–Reischauer?	sa
Yale Romanization?	sa

Noun

사 • (sa)

1. sol (musical note)

Etymology 7

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

사 (sa)

More information

1. 四よん: four

   (eumhun reading: 넉 사 (neok sa))
   (MC reading: 四よん (MC sijH))

2. 巳み:

   (MC reading: 巳み (MC yiX|ziX|yiH))

3. 士し: scholar; gentleman; soldier

   (eumhun reading: 선비 사 (seonbi sa))
   (MC reading: 士し (MC dzriX))

4. 仕つかまつ: serve; official

   (eumhun reading: 섬길 사 (seomgil sa))
   (MC reading: 仕つかまつ (MC dzriX))

5. 寺てら: temple

   (eumhun reading: 절 사 (jeol sa))
   (MC reading: 寺てら (MC ziH))

6. 史ふみ: history

   (eumhun reading: 사기 사 (sagi sa))
   (MC reading: 史ふみ (MC sriX))

7. 使つかい: to use, to employ; envoy

   (eumhun reading: 부릴 사 (buril sa))
   (MC reading: 使つかい (MC sriX|sriH))

8. 舍しゃ: house; residence

   (eumhun reading: 집 사 (jip sa))
   (MC reading: 舍しゃ (MC syaeX|syaeH))

9. 射い: to shoot

   (eumhun reading: 쏠 사 (ssol sa))
   (MC reading: 射い (MC yaeH|zyaeH))

10. 謝しゃ: apologize

    (eumhun reading: 사례할 사 (saryehal sa))
    (MC reading: 謝しゃ (MC zjaeH))

11. 師し: teacher, master; (military) division, army

    (eumhun reading: 스승 사 (seuseung sa))
    (MC reading: 師し (MC srij))

12. 死し: death

    (eumhun reading: 죽을 사 (jugeul sa))
    (MC reading: 死し (MC sijX))

13. 私わたし: private, personal

    (eumhun reading: 사사 사 (sasa sa))
    (MC reading: 私わたし (MC sij))

14. 絲いと:

    (MC reading: 絲いと (MC si))

15. 思おもえ: to think; thought; to yearn for

    (eumhun reading: 생각할 사 (saenggakhal sa))
    (MC reading: 思おもえ (MC si|siH))

16. 事こと: thing; matter

    (eumhun reading: 일 사 (il sa))
    (MC reading: 事こと (MC tsriH|dzriH))

17. 司つかさ:

    (MC reading: 司つかさ (MC si))

18. 詞し: word

    (eumhun reading: 말 사 (mal sa))
    (MC reading: 詞し (MC zi))

19. 蛇へび: long snake

    (eumhun reading: 긴 뱀 사 (gin baem sa))
    (MC reading: 蛇へび (MC zyae))

20. 捨:

    (MC reading: 捨 (MC syaeX))

21. 邪よこしま:

    (MC reading: 邪よこしま (MC yae|zjae))

22. 賜たまもの:

    (MC reading: 賜たまもの (MC sjeH))

23. 斜はす: aslant

    (eumhun reading: 비낄 사 (bikkil sa))
    (MC reading: 斜はす (MC yae|zjae))

24. 詐いつわり:

    (MC reading: 詐いつわり (MC tsraeH))

25. 社しゃ: company; social

    (eumhun reading: 모일 사 (moil sa))
    (MC reading: 社しゃ (MC dzyaeX))

26. 沙すな: sand

    (eumhun reading: 모래 사 (morae sa))
    (MC reading: 沙すな (MC srae|sraeH))

27. 似に:

    (MC reading: 似に (MC ziX))

28. 査: investigate, inspect

    (eumhun reading: 조사할 사 (josahal sa))
    (MC reading: 査 (MC dzrea|dzrae))

29. 寫うつし: copy

    (eumhun reading: 베낄 사 (bekkil sa))
    (MC reading: 寫うつし (MC sjaeX))

30. 辭じ:

    (MC reading: 辭じ (MC zi))

31. 斯:

    (MC reading: 斯 (MC sje))

32. 祀まつ:

    (MC reading: 祀まつ (MC ziX))

33. 泗:

    (MC reading: 泗 (MC sijH))

34. 砂すな:

    (MC reading: 砂すな (MC srae))

35. 糸いと: Alternative form of 絲いと

    (MC reading: 糸いと (MC mek))

36. 紗しゃ:

    (MC reading: 紗しゃ (MC srae))

37. 娑しゃば:

    (MC reading: 娑しゃば (MC sa|saX))

38. 徙:

    (MC reading: 徙 (MC sjeX))

39. 奢おご:

    (MC reading: 奢おご (MC syae))

40. 嗣:

    (MC reading: 嗣 (MC ziH))

41. 赦:

    (MC reading: 赦 (MC syaeH))

42. 乍: (for) a short time

    (eumhun reading: 잠깐 사 (jamkkan sa))
    (MC reading: 乍 (MC dzraeH))

43. 些:

    (MC reading: 些 (MC sjae|saH))

44. 伺:

    (MC reading: 伺 (MC si|siH))

45. 俟:

    (MC reading: 俟 (MC zriX))

46. 僿:

    (MC reading: 僿 (MC syiH))

47. 唆:

    (MC reading: 唆 (MC swa))

48. 柶:

    (MC reading: 柶 (MC sijH))

49. 梭:

    (MC reading: 梭 (MC swa))

50. 渣:

    (MC reading: 渣 (MC tsrae))

51. 瀉:

    (MC reading: 瀉 (MC sjaeX|sjaeH))

52. 獅: lion

    (eumhun reading: 사자 사 (saja sa))
    (MC reading: 獅 (MC srij))

53. 祠ほこら:

    (MC reading: 祠ほこら (MC zi))

54. 肆:

    (MC reading: 肆 (MC sijH))

55. 莎:

    (MC reading: 莎 (MC swa))

56. 蓑みの:

    (MC reading: 蓑みの (MC swa))

57. 裟:

    (MC reading: 裟 (MC srae))

58. 飼: to feed; to raise

    (eumhun reading: 기를 사 (gireul sa))
    (MC reading: 飼 (MC ziH))

59. 駟し:

    (MC reading: 駟し (MC sijH))

60. 麝: musk deer

    (eumhun reading: 사향노루 사 (sahyangnoru sa))
    (MC reading: 麝 (MC zyaeH))

61. 篩ふるい:

    (MC reading: 篩ふるい (MC srij))

62. 傞:

    (MC reading: 傞 (MC tsha|sa))

63. 剚:

    (MC reading: 剚 (MC tsriH))

64. 卸おろし:

    (MC reading: 卸おろし (MC sjaeH))

65. 咋:

    (MC reading: 咋 (MC tsraeH))

66. 姒:

    (MC reading: 姒 (MC ziX))

67. 楂:

    (MC reading: 楂 (MC dzrae))

68. 榭:

    (MC reading: 榭 (MC zjaeH))

69. 汜:

    (MC reading: 汜 (MC ziX))

70. 痧:

    (MC reading: 痧)

71. 皶:

    (MC reading: 皶)

72. 竢:

    (MC reading: 竢 (MC zriX))

73. 笥け:

    (MC reading: 笥け (MC siH))

74. 蜡:

    (MC reading: 蜡 (MC tshjoH|dzraeH))

75. 覗:

    (MC reading: 覗 (MC si|siH))

76. 駛:

    (MC reading: 駛 (MC sriX|sriH))

77. 魦:

    (MC reading: 魦 (MC srae))

78. 鯊はぜ:

    (MC reading: 鯊はぜ (MC srae))

79. 鰤ぶり:

    (MC reading: 鰤ぶり (MC srij))

80. 涘:

    (MC reading: 涘 (MC zriX))

81. 禠:

    (MC reading: 禠 (MC sje))

82. 佘:

    (MC reading: 佘)

83. 倳:

    (MC reading: 倳 (MC tsriH))

84. 倽:

    (MC reading: 倽)

85. 傻:

    (MC reading: 傻 (MC srwaeX|srwaeH))

86. 儩:

    (MC reading: 儩 (MC sjeH))

87. 厙:

    (MC reading: 厙 (MC syaeH))

88. 厶: any

    (eumhun reading: 사사 사 (sasa sa))
    (MC reading: 厶 (MC sij))

89. 唦:

    (MC reading: 唦)

90. 啥:

    (MC reading: 啥)

91. 喳:

    (MC reading: 喳)

92. 嗄しゃがれ:

    (MC reading: 嗄しゃがれ (MC sraeH))

93. 嗍:

    (MC reading: 嗍)

94. 噝:

    (MC reading: 噝)

95. 塮:

    (MC reading: 塮)

96. 㝍:

    (MC reading: 㝍)

97. 屣:

    (MC reading: 屣 (MC srjeX|srjeH))

98. 峫:

    (MC reading: 峫)

99. 戺:

    (MC reading: 戺 (MC dzriX))

100. 挱:

     (MC reading: 挱 (MC sa))

101. 挲:

     (MC reading: 挲 (MC sa))

102. 揸:

     (MC reading: 揸)

103. 摣:

     (MC reading: 摣 (MC nrae))

104. 柌:

     (MC reading: 柌 (MC zi))

105. 柤:

     (MC reading: 柤 (MC tsrae))

106. 桫:

     (MC reading: 桫 (MC sa))

107. 楒:

     (MC reading: 楒 (MC si))

108. 榹:

     (MC reading: 榹 (MC sje))

109. 槎:

     (MC reading: 槎 (MC dzrae|dzraeX))

110. 樝:

     (MC reading: 樝 (MC tsrae))

111. 檨:

     (MC reading: 檨)

112. 泀:

     (MC reading: 泀)

113. 洍:

     (MC reading: 洍 (MC yi|ziX))

114. 涻:

     (MC reading: 涻 (MC syaeH))

115. 溮:

     (MC reading: 溮)

116. 漇:

     (MC reading: 漇)

117. 灺:

     (MC reading: 灺 (MC zjaeX))

118. 㸺:

     (MC reading: 㸺)

119. 猀:

     (MC reading: 猀)

120. 猞:

     (MC reading: 猞)

121. 猹:

     (MC reading: 猹)

122. 獻けんじ:

     (MC reading: 獻けんじ (MC sa))

123. 畬:

     (MC reading: 畬 (MC yo))

124. 皻:

     (MC reading: 皻 (MC tsrae))

125. 砟:

     (MC reading: 砟 (MC dzak))

126. 硰:

     (MC reading: 硰 (MC srae|tshaX))

127. 碴:

     (MC reading: 碴)

128. 磃:

     (MC reading: 磃 (MC sje))

129. 禗:

     (MC reading: 禗 (MC si))

130. 簑みの:

     (MC reading: 簑みの)

131. 簁:

     (MC reading: 簁 (MC srje|srjeX))

132. 纚:

     (MC reading: 纚 (MC srjeX))

133. 耍:

     (MC reading: 耍)

134. 耜:

     (MC reading: 耜 (MC ziX))

135. 耶:

     (MC reading: 耶 (MC yae))

136. 肂:

     (MC reading: 肂 (MC sijH))

137. 莏: Alternative form of 莎

     (MC reading: 莏 (MC swa))

138. 葸:

     (MC reading: 葸 (MC siX))

139. 蒒:

     (MC reading: 蒒 (MC srij))

140. 蓰:

     (MC reading: 蓰)

141. 蕬:

     (MC reading: 蕬 (MC si))

142. 蕼:

     (MC reading: 蕼 (MC sijH))

143. 虒:

     (MC reading: 虒 (MC sje))

144. 蜤:

     (MC reading: 蜤 (MC sje))

145. 螄:

     (MC reading: 螄 (MC srij))

146. 蟴:

     (MC reading: 蟴 (MC sje))

147. 衺:

     (MC reading: 衺 (MC zjae))

148. 貄:

     (MC reading: 貄)

149. 賖:

     (MC reading: 賖)

150. 蹅:

     (MC reading: 蹅)

151. 蹝:

     (MC reading: 蹝)

152. 躧:

     (MC reading: 躧 (MC srjeX|sreaX))

153. 逤:

     (MC reading: 逤)

154. 鈶:

     (MC reading: 鈶 (MC ziX))

155. 鉈:

     (MC reading: 鉈 (MC dzyae))

156. 鉰:

     (MC reading: 鉰)

157. 䤬:

     (MC reading: 䤬 (MC sa))

158. 闍:

     (MC reading: 闍 (MC dzyae))

159. 食しょく: feed

     (eumhun reading: 먹이 사 (meogi sa))
     (MC reading: 食しょく (MC yiH))

160. 飤:

     (MC reading: 飤 (MC ziH))

161. 騇:

     (MC reading: 騇 (MC syaeX|syaeH))

162. 魳:

     (MC reading: 魳 (MC tsop))

163. 鮻:

     (MC reading: 鮻)

164. 鶳:

     (MC reading: 鶳)

165. 鷥:

     (MC reading: 鷥)

166. 鼶:

     (MC reading: 鼶 (MC sje))

167. 齄:

     (MC reading: 齄)

168. 齇:

     (MC reading: 齇)

169. 佀: Alternative form of 似に

     (MC reading: 佀 (MC ziX))

170. 冩: Alternative form of 寫うつし

     (MC reading: 冩)

171. 簔: Alternative form of 蓑みの

     (MC reading: 簔)

172. 缷: Alternative form of 卸おろし

     (MC reading: 缷)

173. 辞じ: Alternative form of 辭じ

     (MC reading: 辞じ)

174. 鯋: Alternative form of 鯊はぜ

     (MC reading: 鯋)