社しゃ

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社しゃ U+793E, 社
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-793E
← 礽
[U+793D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 礿 →
[U+793F]

社 U+FA4C, 社
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA4C
← 碑
[U+FA4B] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 祉 →
[U+FA4D]
㊓ U+3293, ㊓
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SOCIETY
← ㊒
[U+3292] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊔ →
[U+3294]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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社しゃ (Kangxi radical 113, 示しめせ+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈ほこ火ひ土ど (IFG), four-corner 34210, composition ⿰礻土ど)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 839, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24631
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1257, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2386, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+793E

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 社しゃ
alternative forms 䄕

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 社しゃ
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (土ど) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
社しゃ *ɦljaːʔ
肚 *ʔl'aːʔ, *l'aːʔ
土ど *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ
吐 *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l̥ʰaːs
芏 *l̥ʰaːʔ
杜もり *l'aːʔ
靯 *l'aːʔ
荰 *l'aːʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 示しめせ (“god; deity”) + 土ど (“soil”)

Etymology

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Probably related to 土ど (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, “earth, soil”); Takashima (2004) considers them an etymological doublet.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 社しゃ
Mandarin Beijing /ʂɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂɤ⁵³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ʂə²¹/
Qingdao /ʃə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂɤ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʂɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʂə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /sɤ³⁵/
Chengdu /se¹³/
Guiyang /t͡se²¹³/
Kunming /ʂə²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂae⁴⁴/
/ʂe⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʂe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
Hohhot /sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zo²³/
Suzhou /zo³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷei¹³/
Wenzhou /zei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕie³⁵/
/ɕia³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕia²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂə⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ʂe⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sa⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛ²³/
Nanning /sɛ²⁴/
Hong Kong /sɛ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sia²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sia²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ia⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /sia³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /te³³/
/se³⁵/ 俗ぞく
Rime
Character 社しゃ
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 常つね (25)
Final (韻いん) 麻あさ (100)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 常つね者もの切きり
Baxter dzyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑiaX/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiaX/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭaX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		se6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 社しゃ
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyæX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-tʰAʔ/
English sacrifice to the spirit of the soil

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 社しゃ
Reading # 1/1
No. 12497
Phonetic
component 		土ど
Rime
group 		魚さかな
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		社しゃ
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦljaːʔ/

Definitions

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社しゃ

  1. (historical) god of the soil
  2. (historical) altar for offering sacrifices to the god of the soil
  3. (historical) festival for offering sacrifices to the god of the soil
    春はる社しゃ  ―  chūnshè  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  4. (historical) to offer sacrifices to the god of the soil
  5. (historical) an ancient grass-root administrative unit
  6. organized body; society; association
    結ゆい社しゃ／结社しゃ  ―  jiéshè  ―  to form an association
    報ほう社しゃ／报社しゃ  ―  bàoshè  ―  newspaper publisher; newspaper office
  7. agency (used for certain agencies that provide services)
    旅行りょこう社しゃ  ―  lǚxíngshè  ―  travel agency
  8. a surname: She
  9. (in Vietnam) commune (third level division along with wards and commune-level towns)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (社しゃ):
  • → Japanese: 社しゃ(しゃ) (sha)
  • → Korean: 사(社しゃ) (sa)
  • → Vietnamese: xã (社しゃ)

Japanese

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Shinjitai 社しゃ
Kyūjitai
[1]
社
&#xFA4C;
or
社しゃ+&#xFE00;?
社しゃ󠄁
社しゃ+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
社しゃ󠄃
社しゃ+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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社しゃ

(Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 社)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
社しゃ
しゃ
Grade: 2
kan'on
Alternative spelling
社 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 社しゃ (MC dzyaeX).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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社しゃ(しゃ) • (-sha) 

  1. Short for 会社かいしゃ (kaisha): company, co.
    毎まい(まい)日ひ新しん(にちしん)聞(ぶん)社しゃ(しゃ) ― Mainichi Shinbun-sha ― The Mainichi Newspapers [Company]
    Note: when in parentheses, it is an abbreviation of 社団しゃだん法人ほうじん (shadan hōjin), a type of incorporated association.
  2. (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal settlement
    Coordinate term: 庄しょう (shō, “Han settlement”)
Coordinate terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
社しゃ
やしろ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
社 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 社しゃ – see the following entry.
【やしろ】
[noun] (Shinto) a shrine
(This term, 社しゃ, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ “社しゃ”, in 漢字かんじぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 社しゃ (MC dzyaeX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 썅〯 (Yale: ssyǎ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 샤직 (Yale: syacik) 샤 (Yale: sya)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

社しゃ (eumhun 모일 사 (moil sa))

  1. hanja form? of 사 (“company”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 사 (“social”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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社しゃ: Hán Nôm readings: xã

  1. rural commune (administrative subdivision of Vietnam)

Compounds

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