私
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See also: 厶
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 849, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24913
- Dae Jaweon: page 1271, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2589, character 6
- Unihan data for U+79C1
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
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|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 厶 | |
| alternative forms | 厶 ancient | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (
Displaced the original form 厶.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): si1
- Gan (Wiktionary): si1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): si1
- Northern Min (KCR): sú
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sr1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sih
- Wade–Giles: ssŭ1
- Yale: sz̄
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sy
- Palladius: сы (sy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: si1
- Yale: sī
- Cantonese Pinyin: si1
- Guangdong Romanization: xi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: si1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
- Hakka Romanization System: sii´
- Hagfa Pinyim: si1
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sú
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir
- Tâi-lô: sir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
- Tâi-lô: su
- Phofsit Daibuun: sw
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si
- Tâi-lô: si
- Phofsit Daibuun: sy
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /si³³/
Note:
- sai - vernacular;
- sir/su - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: se1 / sai1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ / sai
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɯ³³/, /sai³³/
Note:
- se1 - literary;
- sai1 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: sij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]əj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sil/
Definitions
[edit]- self; personal; private
- selfish
自 私 ― zìsī ― selfish
- (Can we add an example for this sense?) (Classical, humble) first-person singular pronoun: I; me
- illegal or secret goods
走 私 ― zǒusī ― to smuggle
- stealthily; secretly
私 语 ― sīyǔ ― to whisper
- (obsolete) Used by women to refer to their sister's husband
- reproductive organs; genitals
- (Internet slang) Short for
私 聊 (sīliáo, “to PM, to DM”).
Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]一己 之 私 (yījǐzhīsī)中 私 中 飽私囊／中 饱私囊 (zhōngbǎosīnáng)- 交私
- 以公
滅私 ／以公灭私 - 以私
害 公 - 以私
廢 公 ／以私废公 便 私 借 公 行 私 假 公 濟 私 ／假 公 济私 (jiǎgōngjìsī)假 公營 私 ／假 公 营私停 私 偏 私 (piānsī)先 公 後 私 ／先 公 后 私 光 私 公報 私 仇 ／公 报私仇 (gōngbàosīchóu)公報 私 讎／公 报私雠公平 無私 ／公平 无私公正 無私 ／公正 无私公 爾 忘私／公 尔忘私 公私 (gōngsī)公私 交困公私 兩 便 ／公私 两便公私 兩全 ／公私 两全公私 兩 利 ／公私 两利公私 兩 濟 ／公私 两济公私 兩 盡 ／公私 两尽公私 兼 顧／公私 兼 顾 (gōngsījiāngù)公私 分明 公私 皆 辦／公私 皆 办公私 要 速 公 而忘私 公 耳 忘私兼愛 無私 ／兼 爱无私 出 公 忘私切切 私語 ／切切 私 语 (qièqièsīyǔ)刻 私 協 私 罔上／协私罔上- 受私
吃 私 因 公 假 私 因 公 行 私 國際 私法 ／国 际私法 (guójì sīfǎ)場 私 ／场私外 私 多 私 大公 無私 ／大公 无私 (dàgōngwúsī)大 飽私囊／大 饱私囊- 夾私／夹私
姦 私 ／奸私- 姻私
- 嬿私
官報 私 仇 ／官 报私仇 宴 私 家 私 (jiāsī)寵 私 ／宠私少 私 寡慾／少 私 寡欲 屈 私 己 私 幸 私 床 笫之私 (chuángzǐzhīsī)廢 私立 公 ／废私立 公 彈劾 無私 ／弹劾无私- 徇公
滅私 ／徇公灭私 - 徇私
- 徇私
作 弊 - 徇私
廢 公 ／徇私废公 - 徇私
舞 弊 從 私 ／从私微 服 私行 - 忘私
忝 私 恩 私 情 私 感 私 憂 公 忘私／忧公忘私憂 公 無私 ／忧公无私憂國 忘私／忧国忘私慮 私 ／虑私懷 私 ／怀私我 私 拜 恩 私 第 挾 私 ／挟 私 損 公 肥 私 ／损公肥 私 收 私 - 昧私
暗室 私心 曲 私 有 私 (yǒusī)梟 私 ／枭私- 棄
公營 私 ／弃公营私 植 黨 營私／植 党 营私植 黨 自 私 ／植 党 自 私 橫 私 ／横 私 樹 私 ／树私正直 無私 ／正直 无私殊 私 - 殉私
殖 私 洪 私 滅私 奉公 ／灭私奉公 - 潑家
私 ／泼家私 濟 私 ／济私火 院 家 私 烏 私 ／乌私烏 鳥 私情 ／乌鸟私情 無 私 ／无私 (wúsī)無私 之 光 ／无私之 光 無 私有 弊 ／无私有 弊 無私 有意 ／无私有意 燕 私 - 營私／营私 (yíngsī)
- 營私
作 弊 ／营私作 弊 - 營私
植 黨 ／营私植 党 - 營私罔利／营私罔利
- 營私
舞 弊 ／营私舞 弊 (yíngsīwǔbì) 犯 私 率 私 盜 私 ／盗 私 - 眷私
- 睚眥
之 私 ／睚眦之 私 萬 貫 家 私 ／万 贯家私 私 下 (sīxià)私 下 裏 ／私 下里 (sīxiàlǐ)私 乘 私 亂 ／私 乱 私 了 (sīliǎo)私事 (sīshì)私事 官 讎／私事 官 雠私 交 (sījiāo)私人 (sīrén)私 仇 (sīchóu)私 仗私 伢私 伺私 侍 私 佼私 便 私 倡私 倖／私 幸 私 倒 私 假 私 債 ／私 债私 傳 ／私 传私 僮私 僻 私 兄弟 私 充 私 入道 私 全 私兵 私 冒 私 凡私 函 (sīhán)私 分 私刑 (sīxíng)私利 (sīlì)私 券 私 刻 私 制 私 劍 ／私 剑私 力 私 勇 私 務 ／私 务私 勞 ／私 劳私 卒 私 卒 君子 私 占 私印 私 厚 私 取 私 史 私 向 私 名 私 合 私 名號 ／私 名号 私 告 私 吞 (sītūn)私 和 私 商 私 問 ／私 问私 單 ／私 单私 喪 ／私 丧私 善 私 嗜私 器 私 囊 (sīnáng)私 回 私 圖 ／私 图私 土 私 地 私 坐 私 填 私 塞 私塾 (sīshú)私塾 先生 私 增 私 士 私 夫 私 奇 (sai-khia) (Min Nan)私 奔 (sībēn)私 奴 私 好 私 姻私 姦 ／私 奸私 威 私娼 (sīchāng)私 婿 私 嫌 私 子 私 孩子 (sīháizi)私學 ／私学 (sīxué)私學 堂 ／私学 堂 私學 館 ／私学 馆私宅 (sīzhái)私 官 私室 私 客 私家 (sījiā)私 宴 私 宰 私 富 私 寓 私 寮 私 封 私 尊 私 就私 局 私 居 私 屬 ／私 属 私 己 (sījǐ)私 布 私 市 私 帑私 幣 ／私 币私 幫／私 帮私 幸 私 庇 私 府 私 底 下 私 度 私 庭 私 廉 私 廟 ／私 庙私 廚／私 厨 私 廩／私 廪私 弊 (sībì)私 徇私 徒 私 微 私 德 (sīdé)私 心 (sīxīn)私 心 妄念 私 心 自 用 私 心 藏 奸私心 話 ／私 心 话私 心 雜念 ／私 心 杂念私 忌 私 志 私 忌日 私 忿私 念 (sīniàn)私怨 私 急 私 恩 私 恚私 恨私 恩 小 惠 私 悅 ／私 悦 私 悖 私 惠 私情 (sīqíng)私情 密 語 ／私情 密 语私意 (sīyì)私 愛 ／私 爱私 感 私 慝私 慮 ／私 虑私 慕私 憂 ／私 忧私慾 ／私欲 (sīyù)私 憎 私憤 ／私 愤 (sīfèn)私 憾私 懷 ／私 怀私 我 私 戚私 房 私 房 話 ／私 房 话 (sīfánghuà)私 房 買 賣 ／私 房 买卖私 房 錢 ／私 房 钱 (sīfángqián)私 押私 拷私 接 私 授私 掠 (sīlüè)私 援私撰 私 支 私 政 私 教 (sījiào)私 敬 私 斂／私 敛私 文 私 方 私 族 私 易 私 昵私 春 私 智 私 暱／私 昵私曲 (sīqū)私書 ／私 书 (sīshū)私 會 ／私 会 (sīhuì)私有 (sīyǒu)私有 主 私有 制 (sīyǒuzhì)私有 制度 私有 觀念 ／私有 观念私有 財產 ／私有 财产 (sīyǒu cáichǎn)私服 私 望 私 朝 私 本 私 校 保險 ／私 校 保 险私 梟 ／私 枭私 椷私 業 ／私 业私 榮 ／私 荣私 樹 ／私 树私 橈／私 桡私 橐私權 ／私 权 (sīquán)私欲 (sīyù)私 款私 歷 ／私 历私 殊 私 殖 私 求 私法 (sīfǎ)私 注 私淑 私淑 弟子 私淑 艾 私 溺 私 潤 ／私 润私 火 私 為 ／私 为私 煮 私 煎 私 照 私 燕 私營 ／私 营 (sīyíng)私 燭 ／私 烛私 牘／私 牍私 牙 子 私 獨 ／私 独 私 理 私生子 (sīshēngzǐ)私生活 (sīshēnghuó)私產 ／私 产 (sīchǎn)私產 制度 ／私 产制度 私用 私 田 私 畜私 當 ／私 当 私 痛 私 瘞／私 瘗私 白 私益 私 盟 私 相 授受 (sīxiāngshòushòu)私 眷私 知 私 短 私 神 私 祭 私 祧私 視 ／私 视私 禁 私 福 私 私 私 科 子 私 秩私 稱 ／私 称 私 穀 ／私 谷 私 積 ／私 积私 窠私 窟 私 窠子私 窩子／私 窝子私 竊／私 窃私立 (sīlì)私 童 私 童 史 私 第 (sīdì)私 篋／私 箧私 簿 私 糴／私 籴私 糶 ／私 粜私 約 ／私 约私 納 ／私 纳私 累 私 繫／私 系 私 置 私 罪 私 署 私 罰 ／私 罚私 羡私 義 ／私 义私 習／私 习私 耽 私 聽／私 听私 肥 私 股 私 胎私腹 私 臆 私 臣 私 自 (sīzì)私 舍 私 艱／私 艰私 茶 私 著 私 蓄 (sīxù)私藏 私 處 ／私 处 (sīchù)私行 私 術 ／私 术私 衙私 衣 私 衷 (sīzhōng)私製 ／私 制 私 褚私 褻 ／私 亵 (sīxiè)私 覆 私見 ／私 见 (sījiàn)私 親 ／私 亲私 覲／私 觐私 覿／私 觌私 覿官／私 觌官私 解 私 言 私 言 切 語 ／私 言切 语私 計 ／私 计私記 ／私 记私 訪 ／私 访 (sīfǎng)私設 公 堂 ／私 设公堂 私 詞 ／私 词私 訶國／私 诃国私 訶條國 ／私 诃条国 私 試 ／私 试私話 ／私 话 (sīhuà)私 誠 ／私 诚私 說 ／私 说私語 ／私 语 (sīyǔ)私 誓 私 談 ／私 谈私 請／私 请私論 ／私 论私 誼 ／私 谊 (sīyì)私 諼／私 谖私 謁／私 谒私 諱 ／私 讳 (sīhuì)私 諡 ／私 谥私 諧歡好 ／私 谐欢好 私 謚／私 谥私 謝 ／私 谢私 謾／私 谩私議 ／私 议 (sīyì)私 譴／私 谴私 譽 ／私 誉 私 讎／私 雠 (sīchóu)私 讖／私 谶私 豵獻豜／私 𫎆献 豜私 負 ／私 负私財 ／私 财 (sīcái)私 責 ／私 责私 販／私 贩私 貨／私 货 (sīhuò)私 貺／私 贶私 貯／私 贮私 貼 ／私 贴私費 ／私 费私 賊 ／私 贼私 賄 ／私 贿私 資 ／私 资私 賂 ／私 赂私 賞 ／私 赏私 賣 ／私 卖私 贓／私 赃私 贖／私 赎私 起 私 越 私 路 私 身 私 躬私 車 ／私 车私 載 ／私 载私 辦／私 办私 辰 私 巡 私 逃私 逋私 造 私通 (sītōng)私 逮私 違 ／私 违私 過 ／私 过私 遁私道 私 邑私 邪 私邸 (sīdǐ)私 酒 私 酤私 醞／私 酝私 釀／私 酿私 重 私 金 私 鈚頭／私 𬬫头私 錢 ／私 钱私 鑄 錢 ／私 铸钱私 門 ／私 门私 門 子 ／私 门子私 門生 ／私 门生私 閒 ／私 闲私 闖／私 闯 (sīchuǎng)私 阿 私 附 私 隙 私 隱 ／私 隐 (sīyǐn)私 隸／私 隶私 面 私 章 私 願 ／私 愿 私 飽／私 饱私 養 ／私 养私 養 錢 ／私 养钱私 館 ／私 馆私 鬥／私 斗 私 鬻私 鹽 ／私 盐 (sīyán)私 鹽 包 ／私 盐包私 鹽 私 醋 ／私 盐私醋 私黨 ／私党 (sīdǎng)私 黷／私 黩私 齎／私 赍- 秉公
滅私 ／秉公灭私 - 秉公
無私 ／秉公无私 - 秉正
無私 ／秉正无私 - 竊竊
私 私 ／窃窃私 私 - 竊竊
私語 ／窃窃私 语 (qièqièsīyǔ) - 竊竊
私議 ／窃窃私 议 結黨 營私／结党营私 (jiédǎngyíngsī)緣 私 ／缘私- 緝私／缉私 (jīsī)
- 耍
私情 聖 私 ／圣私肥 私 背 公 向 私 背 公營 私 ／背 公 营私自 私 (zìsī)自 私 自利 (zìsīzìlì)至 公 無私 ／至 公 无私- 蓄私
藏 私 行 私 - 衷私
角 巾 私 第 言 不 及私託 公報 私 ／托 公 报私託 公 行 私 ／托 公 行 私 設 私 ／设私話 私 ／话私謀 私 ／谋私謝 私 ／谢私讌 私 ／宴 私 - 豔私／艳私
- 販私／贩私 (fànsī)
貪 私 ／贪私貴 私 ／贵私買 私 ／买私賀 私 ／贺私- 賈女
私 窺／贾女私 窥 賣 公營 私 ／卖公营私賣 私 ／卖私賞 私 ／赏私- 賤私／贱私
- 購私／购私
贊 私 ／赞私- 贍私／赡私
贐 私 ／赆私- 贓私／赃私
- 贓私
狼 籍 ／赃私狼 籍 - 贓私
狼藉 ／赃私狼 借 走 私 (zǒusī)退 私 通 私 逞 私 - 遏私
還 私 ／还私- 鄰私／邻私
銅 斗 家 私 鐵筆 無私 ／铁笔无私鐵 面 無私 ／铁面无私 (tiěmiànwúsī)開 私 門 ／开私门阿 私 陰 私 ／阴私 (yīnsī)隆 私 隱 私 ／隐私 (yǐnsī)隱 私權 ／隐私权 (yǐnsīquán)- 顧私／顾私
骨肉 私情 - 鬻私
鴻 私 ／鸿私
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kun: わたくし (watakushi,
私 , Jōyō); わたし (watashi,私 , Jōyō); ひそかに (hisokani,私 かに)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わたし Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
Shift from watakushi below.[1][2]
This reading was already prevalent in early modern times, possibly around the mid-late Muromachi to early-Edo period.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- (polite) first-person singular pronoun: I, me
私 はイギリス人 です。- Watashi wa Igirisu-jin desu.
- I am British.
Usage notes
[edit]Watashi is the usual polite term for referring to oneself.
Quotations
[edit]For quotations using this term, see Citations:
Coordinate terms
[edit]Japanese first-person pronouns
Japanese first-person pronouns by speakers and situations according to Yuko Saegusa, Concerning the First Personal Pronoun of Native Japanese Speakers (2009)
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち 49% | First name 26% | あたし 15% |
| In the family | First name 33% | あたし 29% | うち 23% | |
| In a class | わたし 86% | あたし 7% | うち 6% | |
| To an unknown visitor | わたし 75% | あたし, first name, うち 8% each | ||
| To the class teacher | わたし 66% | First name 13% | あたし 9% | |
| Male | To friends | おれ 72% | ぼく 19% | First name 4% |
| In the family | おれ 62% | ぼく 23% | うち 6% | |
| In a class | ぼく 85% | おれ 13% | First name, nickname 1% each | |
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく 64% | おれ 26% | First name 4% | |
| To the class teacher | ぼく 67% | おれ 27% | First name 3% | |
| Speaker | Situation | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | To friends | うち 39% | あたし 30% | わたし 22% |
| In the family | あたし 28% | First name 27% | うち 18% | |
| In a class | わたし 89% | あたし 7% | ||
| To an unknown visitor | わたし 81% | あたし 10% | ||
| To the class teacher | わたし 77% | あたし 17% | ||
| Male | To friends | おれ 87% | うち 4% | わたし, |
| In the family | おれ 88% | ぼく, | ||
| In a class | わたし 48% | ぼく 22% | ||
| To an unknown visitor | ぼく 36% | わたし 22% | ||
| To the class teacher | ぼく 29% | わたし 22% | ||
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わたくし Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese
A surface analysis suggests a compound term. However, no likely etyma are known.
- From first-person pronoun
我 (wa, “I, me”) + takusi: although the first element seems likely, the original meaning of watakushi was “private”, as opposed to “public”, with no first-person pronoun usage until the late 13th century. - From wata + kusi: the only phonetic matches are
綿 (wata, “cotton; cotton batting”),腸 (wata, “guts, one's innards”, likely derived from the “batting” sense),海 (wata, “sea, ocean”) +串 (kusi, “skewer”),奇 し (kusi, “magic, fantastic, supernatural”, adjective),酒 (kusi, “alcoholic beverage”, likely derived from the “magic” sense),櫛 (kusi, “comb”). - From wataku + si: no such word wataku appears to exist.
- From wa + ta + ku + si: unknown.
The meaning evolved over time from “private” or “privatization”, to refer to things that are personal, to refer to one's own person, and then finally to serve as a generic first-person pronoun. The full form watakushi is still used in modern Japanese as a formal, highly polite first-person pronoun. The abbreviated form watashi is now the most common and neutrally polite first-person pronoun.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a personal or private matter
- (by extension) selfishness
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
私 する (watakushisuru)私 商 い (watakushi akinai)私 雨 (watakushi ame, “sudden rain shower falling in just a small area”)私 戦 ,私 軍 (watakushi ikusa, “private feud”)私 銀 ,私 金 (watakushigane, “personal money, secret savings, financial nest egg”)私 事 (watakushigoto)私 戦 い (watakushi tatakai, “private feud”)私 戯 れ (watakushi tawabure, “chatting up a go-between or mediator, as an aside to the main issue being mediated”)
Pronoun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Watakushi is the formal term, only used in certain circumstances, such as by TV announcers or public figures such as politicians. Conversely, it is too formal for casual conversation for men, where terms like
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| し Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |
/si/ → /ɕi/
From Middle Chinese
Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
私 愛 (shiai, “favoritism, partiality; a secret love for a woman; the woman so loved”)私 安 警察 (shian-keisatsu, “private police”)私 案 (shian, “private plan or proposal”)私 意 (shī, “personal opinion; bias; selfishness”)私 印 (shīn, “private sigil, signet, stamp, or seal”)私 印 偽 造 (shīngizō, “creating a copy of someone else's sigil to forge their stamp”)私 営 (shiei, “private operation, privately operated”)私 営鉄 道 (shiei tetsudō, “privately-operated railway, private rails”)私 営田 (shieiden): in the Heian Period, fields used for large-scale private farming by powerful clans, rather than public farming by the state私 益 (shieki, “private or individual profit or gain”)私 謁 (shietsu, “audience with the emperor regarding a private matter; a private rather than public request”)私 怨 (shien, “private grudge, hatred, ill will”)私 恩 (shion, “favor or duty owed to an individual”)私 家 (shika, “one's own home; an individual's home, as opposed to the palace or an office”)私 家 集 (shikashū): in the Edo Period and earlier, an individual's collection or anthology of poetry私 家 版 (shikaban, “self-publishing, generally without profit motive and with limited distribution; private printing or private edition”)私 学 (shigaku, “individual's school of thought”)私 学 校 (shigakkō, “private school”)私 学 助 成 (shigaku josei, “government subsidization of private education”)私 感 (shikan, “one's personal feeling about something”)私 間 法 (shikanhō, “conflict of laws; private international law”)私 企 業 (shikigyō, “private enterprise; privately-owned company”)私 記 (shiki, “private record of something”)私 擬 -憲 法 (shigikenpō, “privately drafted constitution”, more specifically the Japanese constitution created during 1880-1887)私 義 務 (shi gimu, “duty or obligation arising from private law”)私 議 (shigi, “secret criticism, badmouthing; personal or private opinion”)私 教 類 聚 (shikyō-ruijū, Japan's oldest collection of moral instructions, written by Kibi Makibi in the 700s)私 業 (shigyō, “work done as an individual; work done for individual profit”)私 曲 (shikyoku, “unjust act committed solely to benefit oneself”)私 金 (shikin, “private money; money owned by an individual”)私 刑 (shikei, “punishment meted out by vigilante or mob justice”)私 恵 (shikei, “private favor”)私 経 済 (shikeizai, “private economy: economic dealings between private individuals or companies”)私 計 (shikei, “one's own thoughts and opinions; one's own schemes or plans”)私 隙 (shigeki, “private discord”)私 権 (shiken, “private or personal rights”)私 見 (shiken, humble word for “one's own personal opinions”)私 語 (shigo, “whisper, whispering, private conversation”)私 交 (shikō, “personal or private friendship or socializing”)私 考 (shikō, “one's own personal thoughts”)私 行 (shikō, “private actions in one's own life; secret act; going out for personal reasons; sneaking out”)私 田 (shiden)私 稲 (shitō): in the Nara and Heian periods, rice plants owned by an individual rather than by the state私 法 (shihō)
Noun
[edit]- a personal or private matter
- selfishness
- privacy, secrecy
- (women's speech, obsolete) a brother-in-law
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| あたし Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 5
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| あたくし Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 6
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| あっし Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 7
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| あし Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of |
(The following entry is uncreated: あし.)
Etymology 8
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| あたい Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 9
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| あて Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 10
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わい Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 11
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わし Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 12
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わっし Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 13
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わっち Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
Etymology 14
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わたい Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of |
(The following entry is uncreated: わたい.)
Etymology 15
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わちき Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of |
(The following entry is uncreated: わちき.)
Etymology 16
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わて Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of |
(The following entry is uncreated: わて.)
Etymology 17
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| わらわ Grade: 6 |
| irregular |
| For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
| (This term, |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995)
大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]私 田 (watakusida)
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese:
私 (watakushi, watashi)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Categories:
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