掌握
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Chinese
[edit]| palm (of hand); in charge of | shake hands; to hold; to grasp | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. ( |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng2 ak1 / zoeng2 aak1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng-vok
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tsan-oq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngwò
- Wade–Giles: chang3-wo4
- Yale: jǎng-wò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangwoh
- Palladius: чжанво (čžanvo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zoeng2 ak1 / zoeng2 aak1
- Yale: jéung āk / jéung āak
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng2 ak7 / dzoeng2 aak7
- Guangdong Romanization: zêng2 eg1 / zêng2 ag1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ ɐk̚⁵/, /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ aːk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng-vok
- Hakka Romanization System: zong` vog`
- Hagfa Pinyim: zong3 vog5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹ vok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ak
- Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ak
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'ag
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng-ok
- Tâi-lô: tsióng-ok
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng'og
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ok
- Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ok
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'og
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zion2 og4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsióⁿ ok
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sĩõ⁵²⁻³⁵ ok̚²/
- Wu
Verb
[edit]- to be in control of; to take charge of; to hold
- to master; to grasp; to know well
Synonyms
[edit]- (to be in control of):
主宰 (zhǔzǎi)主張 ／主 张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)克 制 (kèzhì)克治 (kèzhì) (literary)制禦 ／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)制約 ／制 约 (zhìyuē)君 (jūn) (literary)執 掌 ／执掌 (zhízhǎng)壓制 ／压制 (yāzhì)局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)局限 (júxiàn)左右 (zuǒyòu)把 抑制 (yìzhì)把持 (bǎchí)把 控 (bǎkòng)把 攬／把 揽 (bǎlǎn)- 抵制 (dǐzhì)
拘束 (jūshù)- 按 (àn)
- 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
控 (literary, or in compounds)控 制 (kòngzhì)掌 控 (zhǎngkòng)提 控 (tíkòng) (literary)撥 弄 ／拨弄 (bōnòng)- 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
操 控 (cāokòng)操縱 ／操 纵 (cāozòng)- 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
- 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
支配 (zhīpèi)收斂 ／收 敛 (shōuliǎn)束 (literary, or in compounds)束縛 ／束 缚 (shùfù)柄 (literary, or in compounds)框 (kuàng)禁錮 ／禁 锢 (jìngù) (figurative)積 壓 ／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)節制 ／节制 (jiézhì)節 撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)管制 (guǎnzhì)管 束 (guǎnshù)約束 ／约束 (yuēshù)統御 ／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)統治 ／统治 (tǒngzhì)- 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)- 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
- 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
限 (xiàn)限 乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)限 制 (xiànzhì)駕 ／驾 (jià)駕 馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)
- (to know well):
了解 (liǎojiě)- 佔有／
占有 (zhànyǒu) 分 曉 ／分 晓 (fēnxiǎo)參 悟 ／参 悟 (cānwù)悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)- 懂 (dǒng)
- 懂得 (dǒngde)
打 生 (Wenzhounese)把握 (bǎwò)明 (ming4) (Cantonese)明白 明瞭 ／明 了 (míngliǎo)曉 得 ／晓得 (xiǎode)會 悟 ／会 悟 (huìwù) (literary)洞 悉 (dòngxī)清 亮 (mainland China)清楚 熟 似 (Hokkien)熟 悉 (shúxī)熟 稔 (shúrěn) (literary)熟 識／熟 识 (shúshí)理會 ／理会 (lǐhuì)理解 (lǐjiě)瞭 悟 ／了 悟 (liǎowù) (literary)知 影 (Hokkien, Teochew)知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)知 曉 ／知 晓 (zhīxiǎo)知識 ／知 识 (zhīshí) (literary)知道 覺 ／觉覺悟 ／觉悟 (juéwù)覺醒 ／觉醒 (juéxǐng)認識 ／认识- 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
- 諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通 ／贯通 (guàntōng)通曉 ／通 晓 (tōngxiǎo)通 解 (tōngjiě) (literary)通達 ／通 达 (tōngdá)達 ／达 (literary, or in compounds)- 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
開 悟 ／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)領 悟 ／领悟 (lǐngwù)領會 ／领会 (lǐnghuì)領 略 ／领略 (lǐnglüè)
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| しょう Grade: S |
あく Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Noun
[edit]Verb
[edit]- to control
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "掌握 する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | しょうあくし | shōaku shi | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | しょうあくし | shōaku shi | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | しょうあくする | shōaku suru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | しょうあくする | shōaku suru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | しょうあくすれ | shōaku sure | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | しょうあくせよ¹ しょうあくしろ² |
shōaku seyo¹ shōaku shiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | しょうあくされる | shōaku sareru | ||
| Causative | しょうあくさせる しょうあくさす |
shōaku saseru shōaku sasu | ||
| Potential | しょうあくできる | shōaku dekiru | ||
| Volitional | しょうあくしよう | shōaku shiyō | ||
| Negative | しょうあくしない | shōaku shinai | ||
| Negative continuative | しょうあくせず | shōaku sezu | ||
| Formal | しょうあくします | shōaku shimasu | ||
| Perfective | しょうあくした | shōaku shita | ||
| Conjunctive | しょうあくして | shōaku shite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | しょうあくすれば | shōaku sureba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
Noun
[edit]- Hanja form? of 장악 (“domination; control”).
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