認識
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See also: 认识
Chinese
[edit]to recognize; to know; to admit | to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge | ||
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trad. ( |
識 | ||
simp. (认识) | 认 | 识 | |
anagram | 識認/识认 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jing6 sik1
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): nêng-sék
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): līn-siak / jīn-sek / līn-sek / jīn-sit
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gnin-seq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, mainland China)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ˙ㄕ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rènshi̊h
- Wade–Giles: jên4-shih5
- Yale: rèn-shr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn.shy
- Palladius: жэньши (žɛnʹši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rènshìh
- Wade–Giles: jên4-shih4
- Yale: rèn-shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rennshyh
- Palladius: жэньши (žɛnʹši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, mainland China)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jing6 sik1
- Yale: yihng sīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: jing6 sik7
- Guangdong Romanization: ying6 xig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɪŋ²² sɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngin-sṳt
- Hakka Romanization System: ngin siidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngin4 sid5
- Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵ sɨt̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nêng-sék
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ (s-)nɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-siak
- Tâi-lô: līn-siak
- Phofsit Daibuun: lixnsiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹⁻²² siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-sek
- Tâi-lô: jīn-sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: jixnseg
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin³³⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-sek
- Tâi-lô: līn-sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: lixnseg
- IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /lin³³⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-sit
- Tâi-lô: jīn-sit
- Phofsit Daibuun: jixnsid
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²⁻²¹ sit̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
Verb
[edit]- (Mandarin) to know (somebody); to be acquainted with
- to recognize (somebody or something)
- to know; to understand; to be familiar with
- to be aware of; to appreciate
Usage notes
[edit]The sense "to be aware of; to appreciate" is often followed by the verb
Synonyms
[edit]- (to know somebody):
Dialectal synonyms of 認識 (“to know (somebody)”) [map]
了解 (liǎojiě)- 佔有/
占有 (zhànyǒu) 分 曉 /分 晓 (fēnxiǎo)參 悟 /参 悟 (cānwù)悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)- 懂 (dǒng)
- 懂得 (dǒngde)
打 生 (Wenzhounese)把握 (bǎwò)掌握 (zhǎngwò)明 (ming4) (Cantonese)明白 明瞭 /明 了 (míngliǎo)曉 得 /晓得 (xiǎode)會 悟 /会 悟 (huìwù) (literary)洞 悉 (dòngxī)清 亮 (mainland China)清楚 熟 似 (Hokkien)熟 悉 (shúxī)熟 稔 (shúrěn) (literary)熟 識/熟 识 (shúshí)理會 /理会 (lǐhuì)理解 (lǐjiě)瞭 悟 /了 悟 (liǎowù) (literary)知 影 (Hokkien, Teochew)知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)知 曉 /知 晓 (zhīxiǎo)知識 /知 识 (zhīshí) (literary)知道 覺 /觉覺悟 /觉悟 (juéwù)覺醒 /觉醒 (juéxǐng)- 諳曉/谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
- 諳達/谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通 /贯通 (guàntōng)通曉 /通 晓 (tōngxiǎo)通 解 (tōngjiě) (literary)通達 /通 达 (tōngdá)達 /达 (literary, or in compounds)- 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
開 悟 /开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)領 悟 /领悟 (lǐngwù)領會 /领会 (lǐnghuì)領 略 /领略 (lǐnglüè)
Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
識 | |
にん Grade: 6 |
しき Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese compound
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- recognition, awareness
- understanding
- (computing) recognition
音声 認識 - onsei ninshiki
- speech recognition
Derived terms
[edit]再 認 識 (saininshiki)認 識票 (ninshikihyō, “dog tag”)認 識論 (ninshikiron, “epistemology”)
Verb
[edit]- to recognize something, to be aware of something
- to understand something
- (computing) to recognize something
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "認識 する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | にんしきし | ninshiki shi | ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | にんしきし | ninshiki shi | ||
Shūshikei ("terminal") | にんしきする | ninshiki suru | ||
Rentaikei ("attributive") | にんしきする | ninshiki suru | ||
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | にんしきすれ | ninshiki sure | ||
Meireikei ("imperative") | にんしきせよ¹ にんしきしろ² |
ninshiki seyo¹ ninshiki shiro² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | にんしきされる | ninshiki sareru | ||
Causative | にんしきさせる にんしきさす |
ninshiki saseru ninshiki sasu | ||
Potential | にんしきできる | ninshiki dekiru | ||
Volitional | にんしきしよう | ninshiki shiyō | ||
Negative | にんしきしない | ninshiki shinai | ||
Negative continuative | にんしきせず | ninshiki sezu | ||
Formal | にんしきします | ninshiki shimasu | ||
Perfective | にんしきした | ninshiki shita | ||
Conjunctive | にんしきして | ninshiki shite | ||
Hypothetical conditional | にんしきすれば | ninshiki sureba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
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識 |
Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 인식 (“recognition”)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
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識 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
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- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Mandarin terms with multiple pronunciations
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- Mandarin lemmas
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