認識にんしき

See also: 认识

Chinese

		to recognize; to know; to admit	to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge
trad. (認識にんしき)		認みとめ	識
simp. (认识)		认	识
anagram		識認／识认

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rènshi, rènshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ ˙ㄕ, ㄖㄣˋ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁶ sik¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngin-sṳt

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngin⁴ sed⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): nêng-sék
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): līn-siak / jīn-sek / līn-sek / jīn-sit
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnin-seq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, mainland China)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rènshi
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ˙ㄕ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rènshi̊h
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴-shih⁵
    • Yale: rèn-shr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn.shy
    • Palladius: жэньши (žɛnʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹ ʂʐ̩¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rènshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rènshìh
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴-shih⁴
    • Yale: rèn-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rennshyh
    • Palladius: жэньши (žɛnʹši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁶ sik¹
    • Yale: yihng sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁶ sik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁶ xig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²² sɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngin-sṳt
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngin siid^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngin⁴ sid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵ sɨt̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngin⁴ sed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵³⁻⁵⁵ sət̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nêng-sék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡiŋ²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(s-)nɛiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-siak
    • Tâi-lô: līn-siak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lixnsiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹⁻²² siak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-sek
    • Tâi-lô: jīn-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jixnseg
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin³³⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn-sek
    • Tâi-lô: līn-sik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lixnseg
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²⁻²¹ siɪk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin³³⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn-sit
    • Tâi-lô: jīn-sit
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jixnsid
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²⁻²¹ sit̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnin-seq
    • MiniDict: nyin^去さ seh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin-seq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²² səʔ⁴⁴/

Verb

認識にんしき (transitive)

1. (Mandarin) to know (somebody); to be acquainted with

   他た是これ通過つうか電腦でんのう紅娘てんとうむし認識にんしき他た妻子さいし的てき。 [MSC, trad.]
   他た是これ通つう过电脑红娘认识他た妻子さいし的てき。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā shì tōngguò diànnǎo hóngniáng rènshi tā qīzi de. [Pinyin]

   He met his wife through a computer dating agency.

2. to recognize (somebody or something)

   好こう像ぞう他た根本こんぽん就不ふ認識にんしき周圍しゅうい的てき任にん何なに人ひと。 [MSC, trad.]
   好こう像ぞう他た根本こんぽん就不ふ认识周しゅう围的てき任にん何なに人ひと。 [MSC, simp.]

   Hǎoxiàng tā gēnběn jiù bù rènshi zhōuwéi de rènhé rén. [Pinyin]

   It seems he does not recognize any people around him.

3. to know; to understand; to be familiar with

   你認識にんしき所有しょゆう的てき字母じぼ嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   你认识所有しょゆう的てき字母じぼ吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ rènshi suǒyǒu de zìmǔ ma? [Pinyin]

   Do you know your ABCs?

   你不ふ認識にんしき字じ嗎？／你不ふ认识字じ吗？  ―  Nǐ bù rènshi zì ma?  ―  Can't you read?

   我わが們解決かいけつ一いち個こ問題もんだい必先さき認識にんしき這個こ問題もんだい的てき本質ほんしつ。 [MSC, trad.]
   我わが们解かい决一いち个问题必先さき认识这个问题的てき本ほん质。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen jiějué yīge wèntí bì xiān rènshi zhè ge wèntí de běnzhì. [Pinyin]

   To solve a problem we must first understand its nature.

4. to be aware of; to appreciate

   現在げんざい越來ごえく越えつ多おお的てき人ひと認識にんしき到いた環境かんきょう保護ほご的てき重要じゅうよう性せい。 [MSC, trad.]
   现在越来ごえく越えつ多おお的てき人ひと认识到いた环境保ほ护的てき重要じゅうよう性せい。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xiànzài yuèláiyuè duō de rén rènshi dào huánjìngbǎohù de zhòngyàoxìng. [Pinyin]

   Now more and more people are aware of the importance of environmental protection.

Usage notes

The sense "to be aware of; to appreciate" is often followed by the verb 到いた (dào).

Synonyms

• (to know somebody):

Dialectal synonyms of 認識にんしき (“to know (somebody)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		認識にんしき
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	認識にんしき
	Taiwan	認識にんしき
	Singapore	認識にんしき
Cantonese	Guangzhou	識得, 識
	Hong Kong	識得, 識
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	識
	Yangjiang	識得, 識
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	識
	Singapore (Guangfu)	識
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	識得
Hakka	Meixian	識, 識得
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	識
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	識
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	識
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	識
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	識
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	識
	Senai (Huiyang)	識
Jin	Taiyuan	認みとめ得え
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	捌, 捌傳
Southern Min	Xiamen	捌
	Quanzhou	捌
	Shishi	捌
	Zhangzhou	捌
	Taipei	捌
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	捌
	Kaohsiung	捌
	Yilan	捌
	Changhua (Lukang)	捌
	Taichung	捌
	Tainan	捌
	Hsinchu	捌
	Kinmen	捌
	Penghu (Magong)	捌
	Penang (Hokkien)	捌
	Singapore (Hokkien)	捌
	Manila (Hokkien)	捌
	Chaozhou	捌
	Shantou	捌
	Shantou (Chenghai)	捌
	Jieyang	捌
	Bangkok (Teochew)	捌
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	捌
	Singapore (Teochew)	捌
	Leizhou	捌
	Wenchang	捌
	Haikou	捌
	Singapore (Hainanese)	捌
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	捌, 捌得
Wu	Shanghai	認みとめ得え, 相あい熟じゅく dated
	Suzhou	認みとめ得え
	Wuxi	認識にんしき
	Wenzhou	識

• (to recognize): 認みとめ得え／认得 (rènde)
• (to understand):

edit

• 了解りょうかい (liǎojiě)
• 佔有／占有せんゆう (zhànyǒu)
• 分ぶん曉あかつき／分ぶん晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 參まいり悟さとる／参まいり悟さとる (cānwù)
• 悟さとる (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 懂 (dǒng)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 打だ生せい (Wenzhounese)
• 把握はあく (bǎwò)
• 掌握しょうあく (zhǎngwò)
• 明あきら (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
• 明白めいはく
• 明瞭めいりょう／明あきら了りょう (míngliǎo)
• 曉あかつき得とく／晓得 (xiǎode)
• 會かい悟さとる／会かい悟さとる (huìwù) (literary)
• 洞ほら悉 (dòngxī)
• 清せい亮あきら (mainland China)
• 清楚せいそ
• 熟つくづく似に (Hokkien)
• 熟じゅく悉 (shúxī)
• 熟つくづく稔みのる (shúrěn) (literary)
• 熟じゅく識／熟じゅく识 (shúshí)
• 理會りかい／理会りかい (lǐhuì)
• 理解りかい (lǐjiě)
• 瞭あきら悟さとる／了りょう悟さとる (liǎowù) (literary)
• 知ち影かげ (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 知悉ちしつ (zhīxī) (literary)
• 知ち曉あかつき／知ち晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 知識ちしき／知ち识 (zhīshí) (literary)
• 知道ともみち
• 覺さとし／觉
• 覺悟かくご／觉悟 (juéwù)
• 覺醒かくせい／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
• 諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
• 貫通かんつう／贯通 (guàntōng)
• 通曉つうぎょう／通つう晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通つう解かい (tōngjiě) (literary)
• 通達つうたつ／通つう达 (tōngdá)
• 達いたる／达 (literary, or in compounds)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 開ひらけ悟さと／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
• 領りょう悟さとる／领悟 (lǐngwù)
• 領會りょうかい／领会 (lǐnghuì)
• 領りょう略りゃく／领略 (lǐnglüè)

 

Noun

認識にんしき

1. knowledge; understanding; cognition

   認識にんしき過程かてい／认识过程  ―  rènshi guòchéng  ―  cognitive process

Synonyms

edit

• 學問がくもん／学がく问 (xuéwèn)
• 心得こころえ (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
• 所ところ知とも (suǒzhī) (literary)
• 智識ちしき／智さとし识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
• 知識ちしき／知ち识
• 聞見／闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)
• 見聞けんぶん／见闻 (jiànwén)
• 見識けんしき／见识 (jiànshí)
• 識見しきけん／识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

 

Derived terms

• 感性かんせい認識にんしき／感性かんせい认识
• 認識にんしき論ろん／认识论

 

See also

• 曉あかつき得とく／晓得 (xiǎode)
• 知道ともみち (zhīdao)
• 識認／识认 (shírèn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
認みとめ	識
にん Grade: 6	しき Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese compound 認識にんしき／认识 (nyin^H syik, literally “know, recognize; know, remember”). Compare modern Mandarin rènshi, Eastern Min nêng-sék.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) にんしき [nìńshíkí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ĩɰ̃ɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

認みとめ(にん)識(しき) • (ninshiki) 

1. recognition, awareness
2. understanding

   その認識にんしき(にんしき)で正ただし(ただ)しいと思おもえ(おも)う。

   Sono ninshiki de tadashii to omou.

   I believe you are correct.

   (literally, “I believe your understanding is correct.”)

3. (computing) recognition

   音声おんせい(おんせい)認識にんしき(にんしき)

   onsei ninshiki

   speech recognition

Derived terms

• 再さい(さい)認みとめ(にん)識(しき) (saininshiki)
• 認みとめ(にん)識(しき)票ひょう(ひょう) (ninshikihyō, “dog tag”)
• 認みとめ(にん)識(しき)論ろん(ろん) (ninshikiron, “epistemology”)

 

Verb

認みとめ(にん)識(しき)する • (ninshiki suru) transitive suru (stem 認みとめ(にん)識(しき)し (ninshiki shi), past 認みとめ(にん)識(しき)した (ninshiki shita))

1. to recognize something, to be aware of something
2. to understand something
3. (computing) to recognize something

Conjugation

Conjugation of "認識にんしきする" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	認識にんしきし	にんしきし	ninshiki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	認識にんしきし	にんしきし	ninshiki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	認識にんしきする	にんしきする	ninshiki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	認識にんしきする	にんしきする	ninshiki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	認識にんしきすれ	にんしきすれ	ninshiki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	認識にんしきせよ¹ 認識にんしきしろ²	にんしきせよ¹ にんしきしろ²	ninshiki seyo¹ ninshiki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	認識にんしきされる	にんしきされる	ninshiki sareru
Causative	認識にんしきさせる 認識にんしきさす	にんしきさせる にんしきさす	ninshiki saseru ninshiki sasu
Potential	認識にんしきできる	にんしきできる	ninshiki dekiru
Volitional	認識にんしきしよう	にんしきしよう	ninshiki shiyō
Negative	認識にんしきしない	にんしきしない	ninshiki shinai
Negative continuative	認識にんしきせず	にんしきせず	ninshiki sezu
Formal	認識にんしきします	にんしきします	ninshiki shimasu
Perfective	認識にんしきした	にんしきした	ninshiki shita
Conjunctive	認識にんしきして	にんしきして	ninshiki shite
Hypothetical conditional	認識にんしきすれば	にんしきすれば	ninshiki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
認みとめ	識

Noun

認識にんしき • (insik) (hangeul 인식)

1. hanja form^? of 인식 (“recognition”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
認みとめ	識

Noun

認識にんしき

1. chữ Hán form of nhận thức (“awareness”).