認みとめ

See also: 认

認みとめ U+8A8D, 認 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A8D ← 誌し [U+8A8C] CJK Unified Ideographs 誎 → [U+8A8E]

Translingual

Traditional	認みとめ
Simplified	认
Japanese	認みとめ
Korean	認みとめ

Han character

認みとめ (Kangxi radical 149, 言げん+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜ぼく口こう尸しかばね戈ほこ心こころ (YRSIP), four-corner 0763₂, composition ⿰訁忍にん)

Descendants

• 认

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1161, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35502
• Dae Jaweon: page 1626, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3980, character 11
• Unihan data for U+8A8D

Chinese

trad.		認みとめ
simp.		认

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃は) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涊	*nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉	*nɯn
忍にん	*njɯnʔ
荵	*njɯnʔ
刃は	*njɯns
認みとめ	*njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞	*njɯns
軔	*njɯns
韌	*njɯns
肕	*njɯns
牣	*njɯns
杒	*njɯns
訒	*njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *njɯns, *njɯŋs) : semantic 言げん (“speech”) + phonetic 忍にん (OC *njɯnʔ).

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njan (“to hear; to listen”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཉན (nyan, “to listen”), Mizo en (“to look; to look at”). Schuessler (2007) suggests another cognate Jingpho non⁵⁵ (“to think; to consider”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rèn (ren⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁶ / jan⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): nyin⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngin

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngin⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): reng³
• Eastern Min (BUC): nêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): līn / jīn / jīm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ring⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴
    • Yale: rèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jing⁶ / jan⁶
    • Yale: yihng / yahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁶ / jan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁶ / yen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²²/, /jɐn²²/

Note: jing6 - common, jan6 - rare.

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: nyin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲin¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngin
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋin⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: reng³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn
    • Tâi-lô: līn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lin
    • IPA (Taipei): /lin³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn
    • Tâi-lô: jīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jin
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zin³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
    • Tâi-lô: jīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jim
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ring⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziŋ¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnin
    • MiniDict: nyin^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyinH, nyingH

Rime
Character	認みとめ	認みとめ
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲こえ)	日ひ (38)	日ひ (38)
Final (韻いん)	眞しん (43)	蒸ふけ (133)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III	III
Fanqie	而振ふ切きり	而證あかし切きり
Baxter	nyinH	nyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪnH/	/ȵɨŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵinH/	/ȵɨŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjenH/	/ȵʑieŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵinH/	/ȵiŋH/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕnH/	/ȵiəŋH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕnH/	/ȵʑĭəŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕnH/	/ȵʑi̯əŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèn	rèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan6	jing6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nə[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯns/, /*njɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	認みとめ
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rèn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyinH ›
Old Chinese	/*nə[n]-s/
English	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	認みとめ	認みとめ
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10832	10840
Phonetic component	刃は	刃は
Rime group	文ぶん	蒸ふけ
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	刃は	認みとめ
Old Chinese	/*njɯns/	/*njɯŋs/

Definitions

認みとめ

1. to recognize; to know; to understand; to acknowledge
2. to accept; to agree
3. to admit (defeat); to resign (oneself to something)
4. to treat as; to consider as
5. to adopt; to take on
6. to undertake (to do something)

Synonyms

• (to recognize):

edit

• 分ぶん (literary, or in compounds)
• 分別ふんべつ／分ぶん别 (fēnbié)
• 分化ぶんか (fēnhuà)
• 分ぶん揀／分ぶん拣 (fēnjiǎn) (literary)
• 分ぶん辨べん (fēnbiàn)
• 判別はんべつ／判はん别 (pànbié)
• 別べつ白しろ／别白 (biébái) (literary)
• 劃分／划分 (huàfēn)
• 區く／区く (literary, or in compounds)
• 區分くぶん／区分くぶん (qūfēn)
• 區別くべつ／区く别 (qūbié)
• 區劃くかく／区く划 (qūhuà) (literary)
• 甄別／甄别 (zhēnbié)
• 科か別べつ／科か别 (kēbié) (literary)
• 識別しきべつ／识别 (shíbié)
• 辨別べんべつ／辨べん别 (biànbié)
• 辨明べんめい (biànmíng)
• 辨べん析 (biànxī) (to differentiate and analyze)
• 辨べん白しろ (biànbái) (literary)
• 辨べん認みとめ／辨べん认 (biànrèn)
• 辨べん識／辨べん识 (biànshí)
• 鑒別／鉴别 (jiànbié)
• 鑒識／鉴识 (jiànshí)

 

• (to accept): 承認しょうにん／承うけたまわ认 (chéngrèn)

Compounds

• 不ふ認みとめ／不ふ认
• 不ふ認みとめ人じん／不ふ认人
• 不ふ認みとめ帳ちょう／不ふ认帐
• 不ふ認みとめ得え／不ふ认得
• 不ふ認みとめ得え字じ的てき／不ふ认得字じ的てき
• 供きょう認みとめ／供きょう认 (gòngrèn)
• 俯首認罪にんざい／俯首认罪
• 六ろく親おや不ふ認みとめ／六ろく亲不认 (liùqīnbùrèn)
• 公認こうにん／公おおやけ认 (gōngrèn)
• 冒おかせ認みとめ／冒おかせ认 (màorèn)
• 半道はんみち兒じ認みとめ姐あね姐あね／半道はんみち儿认姐あね姐あね
• 只ただ認みとめ錢ぜに不ふ認みとめ人じん／只ただ认钱不ふ认人
• 否認ひにん／否いや认 (fǒurèn)
• 國家こっか承認しょうにん／国家こっか承うけたまわ认
• 強制きょうせい認みとめ領りょう／强制きょうせい认领
• 承認しょうにん／承うけたまわ认 (chéngrèn)
• 招認／招认 (zhāorèn)
• 指ゆび認みとめ／指ゆび认
• 攤認／摊认
• 文書ぶんしょ認證にんしょう／文ぶん书认证
• 死し不ふ認みとめ錯／死し不ふ认错
• 法定ほうてい認みとめ領りょう／法定ほうてい认领
• 無む可か否認ひにん／无可否ひ认 (wúkěfǒurèn)
• 理性りせい認識にんしき／理性りせい认识
• 相あい認みとめ／相あい认 (xiāngrèn)
• 矢口やぐち否認ひにん／矢口やぐち否ひ认 (shǐkǒufǒurèn)
• 確認かくにん／确认 (quèrèn)
• 給きゅう個こ棒ぼう錘おもり當とう針はり認みとめ／给个棒ぼう锤当针认
• 翻こぼし臉不認みとめ人じん／翻こぼし脸不认人 (fānliǎn bù rèn rén)
• 自認じにん／自じ认 (zìrèn)
• 自認じにん倒たおせ楣／自じ认倒楣
• 色いろ認みとめ／色いろ认
• 記き認みとめ／记认 (jìrèn)
• 認みとめ了りょう／认了
• 認みとめ分ぶん／认分
• 認可にんか／认可 (rènkě)
• 認みとめ同どう／认同 (rèntóng)
• 認みとめ同どう卡／认同卡
• 認みとめ命いのち／认命 (rènmìng)
• 認みとめ字じ／认字 (rènzì)
• 認定にんてい／认定 (rèndìng)
• 認みとめ屍かばね／认尸 (rènshī)
• 認みとめ帳ちょう／认帐 (rènzhàng)
• 認みとめ床ゆか／认床 (rènchuáng)
• 認みとめ得え／认得 (rènde)
• 認みとめ捐／认捐
• 認みとめ旗はた／认旗
• 認みとめ清きよし／认清 (rènqīng)
• 認みとめ準じゅん／认准 (rènzhǔn)
• 認みとめ為ため／认为 (rènwéi)
• 認みとめ犯はん頭あたま／认犯头
• 認みとめ生せい／认生 (rènshēng)
• 認みとめ真しん／认真 (rènzhēn)
• 認知にんち／认知 (rènzhī)
• 認みとめ祖そ歸き宗むね／认祖归宗 (rènzǔguīzōng)
• 認罪にんざい／认罪 (rènzuì)
• 認みとめ義よし／认义
• 認みとめ股また／认股
• 認みとめ背せ／认背
• 認みとめ親おや／认亲 (rènqīn)
• 誤認ごにん／误认 (wùrèn)
• 認識にんしき／认识
• 認證にんしょう／认证 (rènzhèng)
• 認識にんしき論ろん／认识论
• 認みとめ賊ぞく作さく父ちち／认贼作さく父ちち (rènzéizuòfù)
• 認みとめ賊ぞく為ため子こ／认贼为子
• 認みとめ賠／认赔
• 認みとめ購／认购 (rèngòu)
• 認みとめ路ろ／认路
• 認みとめ輸／认输 (rènshū)
• 認みとめ錯／认错 (rèncuò)
• 認みとめ領りょう／认领 (rènlǐng)
• 認みとめ頭あたま／认头 (rèntóu)
• 認みとめ養やしなえ／认养
• 認みとめ養やしなえ人じん／认养人じん
• 識認／识认 (shírèn)
• 身分みぶん認證にんしょう／身分みぶん认证
• 辨べん認みとめ／辨べん认 (biànrèn)
• 追認ついにん／追つい认 (zhuīrèn)
• 錯認顏がお標しるべ／错认颜标
• 體認たいにん／体からだ认 (tǐrèn)
• 默認もくにん／默だま认 (mòrèn)

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	認みとめ
Kyūjitai	認みとめ󠄁 認みとめ+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	認みとめ󠄃 認みとめ+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

認みとめ

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. recognize, appreciate

Readings

From Middle Chinese 認みとめ (MC nyinH):

• Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: じん (jin)

From Middle Chinese 認みとめ (MC nyingH):

• Go-on: にょう (nyō)^{←によう (nyou, historical)}
• Kan-on: じょう (jō)^{←じよう (zyou, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

• Kun: みとめる (mitomeru, 認みとめる, Jōyō)^{←みとむ (mitomu, 認みとめむ, historical)}、したためる (shitatameru, 認みとめる)^{←したたむ (sitatamu, 認みとめむ, historical)}
• Nanori: もろ (moro)

Compounds

• 認みとめ(にん)可か(か) (ninka)
• 認みとめ(にん)識(しき) (ninshiki)
• 認みとめ(にん)証あかし(しょう) (ninshō)
• 認みとめ(にん)知ち(ち) (ninchi)
• 認みとめ(にん)定じょう(てい) (nintei)
• 確かく(かく)認みとめ(にん) (kakunin)

Proper noun

認みとめ(みとむ) • (Mitomu) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

認みとめ (eumhun 알 인 (al in))

1. hanja form^? of 인 (“know”)
2. hanja form^? of 인 (“recognition”)
3. hanja form^? of 인 (“authorization”)
4. hanja form^? of 인 (“approval”)

Compounds

• 인지 (認知にんち, inji, “recognition”)
• 인정 (認定にんてい, injeong, “recognition, acknowledgment, authorization”)

Vietnamese

Han character

認みとめ: Hán Nôm readings: nhận

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.