象ぞう

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See also: 𧰼 and 像ぞう
象ぞう U+8C61, 象
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C61
← 豠
[U+8C60] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 豢 →
[U+8C62]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Stroke order in simplified Chinese
Japanese 象ぞう
Simplified 象ぞう
Traditional 象ぞう

Alternative forms[edit]

Han character[edit]

象ぞう (Kangxi radical 152, 豕いのこ+5 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 豕いのこ+4 in simplified Chinese, 12 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 11 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓ゆみ日にち心しん人じん (NAPO), four-corner 27232, composition ⿱⺈⿻口くち𧰨(GV) or ⿳⺈𫩏𧰨(HT) or ⿸⿳⺈𫩏⿹⿱丿㇁⿱丿丿⿺乀丿(JK))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1195, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36372
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1658, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3611, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8C61

Chinese[edit]

trad. 象ぞう
simp. # 象ぞう
2nd round simp. ⿱⺈𫩏
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 象ぞう
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (象ぞう) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潒 *l'aːŋʔ, *ljaŋʔ
像ぞう *ljaŋʔ
象ぞう *ljaŋʔ
橡とち *ljaŋʔ
蟓 *ljaŋʔ, *hljaŋs
襐 *ljaŋʔ
勨 *ljaŋʔ, *laŋʔ
鱌 *ljaŋʔ
嶑 *ljaŋʔ

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) - pictographic representation of an elephant. ⺈ represents the trunk, 𫩏 represents the head, and 𧰨 represents the body.

Etymology 1[edit]

This character is used to represent two semantic fields ‘elephant; tusk’ and ‘to outline; to depict; to delineate; to represent; to resemble; to map’. Both fields are found from the earliest layers of the edited literature onwards, whereas only the first meaning is amply attested in oracle bone inscriptions.

Traditionally, the two senses are treated as related, with the sense of ‘to depict; to resemble’ considered a derivative of the sense of ‘elephant’. The derivation from the ‘elephant’ meaning to the ‘likeness’ meaning is explained in Han Feizi First attested in the ca. 221 BCE.: “Men rarely see living elephants. As they come by the skeleton of a dead elephant, they imagine its living form according to its features. Therefore it comes to pass that whatever people use for imagining the real is called 象ぞう.”

Modern etymology studies on Old Chinese have challenged this opinion.

As for the ‘elephant; tusk’ sense, this is a widely used area word in East and Southeast Asia. Literature opinions differ on the origin and immediate relationship of this Chinese word; some (e.g. Schuessler, 2007) believe the Chinese form is a loanword from a Southern language, since it is unlikely that peoples all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayan foothills would borrow a word from Northern China to denote an indigenous animal. Others believe the direction of borrowing is reversed (i.e. Tai-Kadai borrowing from Chinese), and that Chinese 象ぞう should be compared with Tibetan གླང (glang), གླང་ཆེན (glang chen, “elephant”) arising from a common Proto-Sino-Tibetan *glaŋ (“ox, bull; elephant”), which may ultimately have an Austroasiatic origin (Behr, 2004). The second viewpoint is supported by the early attestation of this character and the archaeological findings of the historical ranges of elephants. However, Schuessler disputes that second viewpoint and links ST *glaŋ to 犅 (OC *klaːŋ, “ox, bull”).

See below for a tentative borrowing history of the various forms of this general area word.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chhiūⁿ/chhiǔⁿ/chhiōⁿ - vernacular;
  • siōng/sióng/siǒng/chhiāng - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ciên6 / cion6 / siang6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiĕⁿ / tshiŏⁿ / siăng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩẽ³⁵/, /t͡sʰĩõ³⁵/, /siaŋ³⁵/
Note:
  • ciên6 - Chaozhou (“elephant”);
  • cion6 - Shantou (“elephant”);
  • siang6 - other senses.
Rime
Character 象ぞう
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 邪よこしま (17)
Final (韻いん) 陽ひ (105)
Tone (調しらべ) Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 徐じょ兩りょう切きり
Baxter zjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ziɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zɨaŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ziaŋX/
Wang
Li 		/zĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/zi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zoeng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 象ぞう
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-[d]aŋʔ/
English elephant

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 象ぞう
Reading # 1/1
No. 13664
Phonetic
component 		象ぞう
Rime
group 		陽ひ
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		像ぞう
Old
Chinese 		/*ljaŋʔ/

Definitions[edit]

象ぞう (1)
(Chinese Chess) 象ぞう (3)

象ぞう

  1. elephant (Classifier: 頭あたま／头 m; 隻せき／只ただ m c mn)
    幼よう象ぞう  ―  yòu xiàng  ―  young elephant
  2. ivory; tusk
    Synonym: 象牙ぞうげ (xiàngyá)
    象ぞう床ゆか  ―  xiàngchuáng  ―  ivory-decorated bed
  3. (xiangqi) elephant (on the black side) (Classifier: 隻せき／只ただ c)
    Synonym: 相そう
  4. (chess) bishop
  5. symbol; emblem
    象ぞう徵ちょう／象ぞう征せい  ―  xiàngzhēng  ―  symbol
  6. appearance; shape; phenomenon
    天てん象ぞう  ―  tiānxiàng  ―  celestial phenomenon
    現げん象ぞう／现象ぞう  ―  xiànxiàng  ―  phenomenon
    景けい象ぞう  ―  jǐngxiàng  ―  scene
  7. (traditional Chinese medicine) complexion
    病やまい象ぞう  ―  bìngxiàng  ―  disease signs and symptoms
  8. image; picture; portrait
    See also: 像ぞう
  9. sign; indication
  10. (obsolete) law; legislation
  11. (obsolete) principle
  12. (obsolete) calendar
  13. (literary) to imitate; to follow the example of
    象ぞう形かたち  ―  xiàngxíng  ―  pictogram
    象ぞう聲こえ詞し／象ぞう声こえ词  ―  xiàngshēngcí  ―  onomatopoeia
  14. (literary) to trace; to outline; to depict
  15. to resemble
    See also: 像ぞう
  16. (historical) government official that translates southern languages
  17. (～郡ぐん) (historical) Xiang, a commandery of Han China
  18. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
  • (elephant):
Dialectal synonyms of 大だい象ぞう (“elephant”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 象ぞう
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 象ぞう
Taxonomic name 象ぞう
Mandarin Taiwan 大だい象ぞう
Luoyang 象ぞう
Wanrong 象ぞう
Xi'an 象ぞう
Ürümqi 象ぞう
Wuhan 象ぞう
Chengdu 象ぞう
Guiyang 象ぞう
Liuzhou 大だい象ぞう
Singapore 大だい象ぞう
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 象ぞう
Cantonese Guangzhou 大だい笨象
Hong Kong 大だい笨象
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 象ぞう
Macau 大だい笨象
Guangzhou (Panyu) 大だい笨象
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 大だい笨象
Guangzhou (Conghua) 大だい笨象
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 大だい笨象
Foshan 大だい笨象
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 大だい笨象
Foshan (Shunde) 大だい笨象
Foshan (Sanshui) 大だい笨象
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 大だい象ぞう
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 大だい笨象
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 大だい笨象
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 象ぞう
Zhuhai (Doumen) 象ぞう
Jiangmen (Baisha) 象ぞう
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 象ぞう
Taishan 象ぞう, 大だい笨象
Taishan (Guanghai) 大だい象ぞう哥, 大だい象ぞう
Kaiping (Chikan) 象ぞう
Enping (Niujiang) 象ぞう
Heshan (Yayao) 象ぞう
Dongguan 大だい笨象
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 大だい笨象
Nanning 大だい笨象
Wuzhou 大だい笨象
Yulin 大だい象ぞう
Hepu (Lianzhou) 大だい象ぞう
Guiping 大だい笨象
Mengshan (Xihe) 象ぞう
Guigang (Nanjiang) 大だい笨象
Beiliu (Tangliao) 象ぞう
Baise 大だい笨象
Bobai 大だい象ぞう
Lingshan 象ぞう
Pubei 象ぞう
Qinzhou 大だい笨象
Beihai 大だい笨象
Ningming 大だい象ぞう
Hengzhou 大だい象ぞう
Hezhou (Pumen) 大だい象ぞう
Mandalay (Taishan) 象ぞう
Gan Nanchang 象ぞう
Hakka Meixian 象ぞう
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 大だい笨象
Dongguan (Qingxi) 象ぞう
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 大だい笨象
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 大だい笨象
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 大だい笨象
Conghua (Lütian) 大だい象ぞう
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 象ぞう仔こ, 大だい象ぞう
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 象ぞう仔こ, 大だい象ぞう
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 象ぞう, 大だい象ぞう
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 象ぞう, 大だい象ぞう
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 象ぞう, 大だい象ぞう
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 象ぞう, 大だい象ぞう
Beiliu (Tang'an) 象ぞう
Mashan (Pianlian) 象ぞう
Jin Taiyuan 象ぞう
Northern Min Jian'ou 象ぞう
Eastern Min Fuzhou 象ぞう
Southern Min Xiamen 象ぞう
Quanzhou 象ぞう
Zhangzhou 象ぞう
Zhao'an 象ぞう
Dongshan 象ぞう
Taipei 象ぞう
New Taipei (Sanxia) 象ぞう
Kaohsiung 象ぞう
Yilan 象ぞう
Changhua (Lukang) 象ぞう
Taichung 象ぞう
Taichung (Wuqi) 象ぞう
Tainan 象ぞう
Taitung 象ぞう
Hsinchu 象ぞう
Kinmen 象ぞう
Penghu (Magong) 象ぞう
Penang (Hokkien) 象ぞう
Singapore (Hokkien) 象ぞう, 大だい象ぞう
Manila (Hokkien) 象ぞう
Pingnan (Shangdu) 象ぞう
Shantou 象ぞう
Shantou (Chaoyang) 象ぞう
Haikou 象ぞう
Puxian Min Putian 象ぞう
Central Min Yong'an 象ぞう
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 大だい笨象, 大だい象ぞう
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 大だい象ぞう
Wu Shanghai 象ぞう, 象ぞう鼻はな頭あたま
Shanghai (Chongming) 象ぞう
Suzhou 象ぞう
Danyang 象ぞう
Hangzhou 象ぞう
Xiang Quanzhou 大だい象ぞう
  • (like):
Coordinate terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (象ぞう):

Others:

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 象ぞう – see 像ぞう (“picture; image; photograph; figure; statue; figure; sculpture; etc.”).
(This character is the former (1964–1986) first-round simplified form of 像ぞう).
Notes:

Usage notes[edit]

  • 象ぞう was the official simplified form of 像ぞう (xiàng) only until 1986.

See also[edit]

Chess pieces in Mandarin · 國際こくさい象棋しょうぎ棋子／国くに际象棋しょうぎ棋子 (guójì xiàngqí qízǐ) (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
王おう (wáng),
國王こくおう／国王こくおう (guówáng) 		后きさき (hòu),
皇后こうごう (huánghòu) 		車くるま／车 (jū),
城しろ堡 (chéngbǎo) 		象ぞう (xiàng),
主教しゅきょう (zhǔjiào) 		馬うま／马 (mǎ),
騎士きし／骑士 (qíshì) 		兵へい (bīng)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2011) First and second person singular pronouns: a pillar or a pillory of the ‘Altaic’ hypothesis?‎[1], pages 271–272
  2. ^ 李り榮さかえ (1998) 成都せいと方言ほうげん詞し典てん（現代げんだい漢語かんご方言ほうげん大だい詞し典てん·分ぶん卷まき）, 江蘇こうそ教育きょういく出版しゅっぱん社しゃ, →ISBN

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

象ぞう

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 𧰼)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
象ぞう (zō, kisa): an Asian elephant.
Kanji in this term
象ぞう
ぞう
Grade: 5
goon

/zau/ → /zɔː/ → /zoː/

From Middle Chinese 象ぞう (zjangX, “elephant; image, resemblance”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zoeng6.

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

象ぞう(ぞう) or 象ぞう(ゾウ) • (zō) ←ざう (zau)? (counter 頭あたま)

  1. elephant
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
象ぞう
しょう
Grade: 5
kan’on

/sjau/ → /sjɔː/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 象ぞう (zjangX, “elephant; image, resemblance”). Compare modern Min Nan reading siōng or Mandarin xiàng.

The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

象ぞう(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. likeness, appearance
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
象ぞう
きさ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 橒 (kisa, “wood grain”), from the way that ivory also has a grain.[3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

象ぞう(きさ) • (kisa) 

  1. (obsolete) elephant
    • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 7, page 52:
      象ぞう [...] 岐佐 [...] 獣しし名めい、似に水牛すいぎゅう、大だい耳みみ、長ちょう鼻はな、眼め細ほそ、牙きば長者ちょうじゃ也
      Elephant, [...] kisa a kind of beast, looks like water buffalo, having big ears, long nose, slender eyes and long teeth
    • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari, page Toshikage:
      それより西にしを行くだりケば、虎狼ころうひと山やまさワぐ所有しょゆうり。キサ出だしデてその山やまをこしつ。
      When he went west from there, there was a place where tigers and monkeys clamoured on a mountain. Elephants had set out and crossed that mountain

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 象ぞう (MC zjangX). Recorded as Middle Korean 샤ᇰ〮 (syáng) (Yale: syang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

象ぞう (eumhun 코끼리 상 (kokkiri sang))

  1. Hanja form? of 상 (“elephant”).
  2. Hanja form? of 상 (“shape; figure; appearance”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

象ぞう: Hán Nôm readings: tượng

Definitions[edit]

  1. (in compounds) elephant
  2. a xiangqi piece which represents an elephant
  3. shape; scene
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