抽象
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Chinese
[edit]to draw out; to smoke (cigarettes); to pump | shape; form; appearance shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. ( |
抽 | ||
simp. #( |
抽 |
Etymology
[edit]Wasei kango (
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cau1 zoeng6
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): thiu-siǒng / thiu-siōng / thiu-chhiāng
- (Teochew, Peng'im): tiu1 siang6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄡ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chousiàng
- Wade–Giles: chʻou1-hsiang4
- Yale: chōu-syàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choushianq
- Palladius: чоусян (čousjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cau1 zoeng6
- Yale: chāu jeuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsau1 dzoeng6
- Guangdong Romanization: ceo1 zêng6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sœːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-siǒng
- Tâi-lô: thiu-siǒng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiu³³ siɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-siōng
- Tâi-lô: thiu-siōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiusiong
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiu-chhiāng
- Tâi-lô: thiu-tshiāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiuchiang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiu⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tiu1 siang6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiu siăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiu³³⁻²³ siaŋ³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Adjective
[edit]- abstract (not specific)
Synonyms
[edit]空洞 (kōngdòng)
Antonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]- to form a general idea from particular circumstances; to abstract
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
抽 | |
ちゅう Grade: S |
しょう Grade: 5 |
on'yomi | kan'on |
Etymology
[edit]Appeared in the 1881 work
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]抽
- abstraction
- 1927, Kiyoshi Miki, Yuibutshu-shikan to Gendai no Ishiki[2]:
私 はこのことをマルクスから學 んだ。それは實 にマルクスが「歴 史 的 抽象 」(historische Abstraktion)と呼 んだところの過 程 である。- Watashi wa kono koto o Marukusu kara mananda. Sore wa jitsu ni Marukusu ga “rekishiteki chūshō” (historische Abstraktion) to yonda tokoro no katei de aru.
- I learned this from Marx: he called it “historical abstraction” (historische Abstraktion).
Derived terms
[edit]- 抽
象 化 (chūshōka) - 抽
象 画 (chūshōga) - 抽
象 概 念 (chūshō gainen) - 抽
象 芸 術 (chūshō geijutsu) - 抽
象 性 (chūshōsei) - 抽
象 代 数 学 (chūshō daisūgaku) - 抽
象 的 (chūshōteki) - 抽
象 表 現 主 義 (chūshō hyōgen shugi) - 抽
象 名 詞 (chūshō meishi) - 抽
象 論 (chūshōron)
Verb
[edit]抽
- to grasp the abstract points
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "抽象 する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ちゅうしょうし | chūshō shi | ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ちゅうしょうし | chūshō shi | ||
Shūshikei ("terminal") | ちゅうしょうする | chūshō suru | ||
Rentaikei ("attributive") | ちゅうしょうする | chūshō suru | ||
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ちゅうしょうすれ | chūshō sure | ||
Meireikei ("imperative") | ちゅうしょうせよ¹ ちゅうしょうしろ² |
chūshō seyo¹ chūshō shiro² | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | ちゅうしょうされる | chūshō sareru | ||
Causative | ちゅうしょうさせる ちゅうしょうさす |
chūshō saseru chūshō sasu | ||
Potential | ちゅうしょうできる | chūshō dekiru | ||
Volitional | ちゅうしょうしよう | chūshō shiyō | ||
Negative | ちゅうしょうしない | chūshō shinai | ||
Negative continuative | ちゅうしょうせず | chūshō sezu | ||
Formal | ちゅうしょうします | chūshō shimasu | ||
Perfective | ちゅうしょうした | chūshō shita | ||
Conjunctive | ちゅうしょうして | chūshō shite | ||
Hypothetical conditional | ちゅうしょうすれば | chūshō sureba | ||
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Descendants
[edit]- → Chinese:
抽象 (chōuxiàng) - → Korean: 추상(
抽象 ) (chusang) - → Vietnamese: trừu tượng
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998),
広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN - ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881)
哲学 字彙 [Dictionary of Philosophy][1], University of Tokyo, page 1 - ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),
新 明解 国語 辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
抽 |
Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 추상 (“abstraction”)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
抽 |
Adjective
[edit]- chữ Hán form of trừu tượng (“abstract”).
Categories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Wasei kango
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
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- Mandarin verbs
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- Chinese terms spelled with 抽
- Chinese terms spelled with
象 - Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 抽 read as ちゅう
- Japanese terms spelled with
象 read as しょう - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
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