太ふとし

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See also: 大だい and 犬いぬ
太ふとし U+592A, 太
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592A
← 天てん
[U+5929] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夫おっと →
[U+592B]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

太ふとし (Kangxi radical 37, 大だい+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大だい戈ほこ (KI), four-corner 40030, composition ⿵大だい丶)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 248, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5834
  • Dae Jaweon: page 505, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 524, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592A

Chinese[edit]

Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (大だい) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
馱 *daːl, *daːds
大だい *daːds, *daːds
忕 *tʰaːds, *daːds, *djads
太ふとし *tʰaːds
汰 *tʰaːds
汏 *daːds, *tʰaːd
軑 *daːds, *deːds
釱 *daːds, *deːds
达 *tʰeːds
杕 *deːds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *tʰaːds) : phonetic 大だい (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big; great”) + semantic 丶 – excessive.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 太ふとし
alternative forms 冭

A superlative derivative of 大だい (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big”) – be too great, very great, excessive.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Rime
Character 太ふとし
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 透とおる (6)
Final (韻いん) 泰やすし (25)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 他た蓋ぶた切きり
Baxter thajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰajH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		taai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 太ふとし
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/
English great

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 太ふとし
Reading # 1/1
No. 1937
Phonetic
component 		大だい
Rime
group 		祭まつり
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		泰やすし
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰaːds/
Definitions[edit]

太ふとし

  1. too; so (modifying adjectives; often used with 了りょう (le) at the end of the sentence for emphasis)
    太ふとし熱ねつ了りょう！／太ふとし热了りょう！  ―  Tài rè le!  ―  It's so hot!
    別べつ吃ども太ふとし多おお派は。／别吃ども太ふとし多おお派は。  ―  Bié chī tài duō pài.  ―  Don't eat too much pie.
  2. (usually in negative sentences) very; quite
    他た不ふ太ふとし舒服。 [Taiwanese Mandarin]  ―  Tā bù tài shūfú. [Pinyin]  ―  He's not very well.
  3. most; utmost
  4. highest; greatest
  5. senior; noble
  6. Short for 太たい湖こ (Tàihú, “Lake Tai, a lake in Southern Jiangsu, China”).
  7. Short for 太平洋たいへいよう (Tàipíngyáng, “Pacific Ocean”).
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 太ふとし (“too; excessively”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 太ふとし, 過か於
Mandarin Beijing 太ふとし, 忒
Taiwan 太ふとし
Tianjin 太ふとし, 忒
Jinan 太ふとし, 忒
Wanrong 太ふとし
Xi'an 太ふとし
Yinchuan 太ふとし
Wuhan 太ふとし, 忒
Chengdu 太ふとし
Guiyang 太ふとし
Guilin 太ふとし
Xuzhou 忒
Yangzhou 太ふとし
Hefei 太ふとし
Malaysia 太ふとし
Singapore 太ふとし
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 太ふとし
Cantonese Guangzhou 太ふとし, 得え滯とどこお >, 過か頭あたま >
Hong Kong 太ふとし, 太ふと過か, 得え滯とどこお >, 過か頭あたま >, 過か龍りゅう >
Taishan 得え滯とどこお >
Dongguan 得え滯とどこお >
Yangjiang 得え滯とどこお >
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 太ふとし
Singapore (Guangfu) 太ふとし
Gan Nanchang 太ふとし
Lichuan 太ふとし
Pingxiang 太ふとし
Hakka Meixian 忒
Dongguan (Qingxi) 太ふとし, 過か頭あたま >
Wuhua (Huacheng) 忒
Heyuan (Bendihua) 太ふとし
Wengyuan 太ふとし
Liannan 太ふとし
Jiexi 忒
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 太ふとし, 忒
Changting 忒
Wuping 忒
Wuping (Yanqian) 忒
Liancheng 忒
Ninghua 忒
Yudu 太ふとし
Ningdu 太ふとし, 忒
Tonggu (Sandu) 忒
Ganzhou (Panlong) 太ふとし
Dayu 太ふとし
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 忒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 忒
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 忒
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 忒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 忒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 忒
Hong Kong 太ふとし, 過か頭あたま >
Yangxi (Tangkou) 太ふとし
Yangchun (Sanjia) 太ふとし
Xinyi (Sihe) 太ふとし
Xinyi (Qianpai) 太ふとし
Gaozhou (Xindong) 太ふとし
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 太ふとし
Huazhou (Xin'an) 忒
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 忒
Lianjiang (Qingping) 太ふとし
Mengshan (Xihe) 太ふとし
Luchuan 太ふとし
Senai (Huiyang) 過か頭あたま >
Kuching (Hepo) 過か頭あたま
Huizhou Jixi 太ふとし
Jin Taiyuan 太ふとし
Northern Min Jian'ou 忒
Jian'ou (Dikou) 忒
Songxi 忒
Zhenghe 忒
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 忒
Jianyang 忒
Wuyishan 忒
Pucheng (Shibei) 忒
Eastern Min Fuzhou 過か, 恰
Changle 恰
Lianjiang 恰
Fuqing 恰
Pingtan 恰
Yongtai 恰
Minqing 恰
Gutian 恰
Pingnan 恰
Luoyuan 恰
Fu'an 恰
Ningde 恰
Xiapu 恰
Zherong 恰
Shouning 恰
Zhouning 恰
Fuding 恰
Southern Min Xiamen 傷きず, 傷きず過か
Xiamen (Tong'an) 傷きず
Quanzhou 傷きず, 傷きず過か
Jinjiang 傷きず, 太ふとし
Nan'an 傷きず
Shishi 傷きず
Hui'an 傷きず
Anxi 傷きず
Yongchun 傷きず
Dehua 傷きず
Zhangzhou 傷きず, 傷きず過か
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 傷きず
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 傷きず
Hua'an 傷きず
Nanjing 傷きず
Pinghe 傷きず
Zhangpu 傷きず
Yunxiao 傷きず
Zhao'an 傷きず
Dongshan 傷きず
Taipei 傷きず
New Taipei (Sanxia) 傷きず
Kaohsiung 傷きず
Yilan 傷きず
Changhua (Lukang) 傷きず
Taichung 傷きず
Tainan 傷きず
Hsinchu 傷きず
Kinmen 傷きず
Penghu (Magong) 傷きず
Penang (Hokkien) 傷きず, 太ふとし
Singapore (Hokkien) 傷きず, 傷きず過か, 過か, 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 傷きず, 傷きず過か
Longyan 蓋ぶた
Zhangping 傷きず
Chaozhou 佮
Shantou 佮, 過か
Jieyang 佮, 過か
Bangkok (Teochew) 佮
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮, 過か
Puxian Min Putian 傷きず
Xianyou 傷きず
Central Min Yong'an 太ふとし
Sanyuan 忒
Shaxian 太ふとし
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 太ふとし, 過か頭あたま >
Wu Shanghai 忒, 過か於, 忒煞, 忒以 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 忒
Suzhou 忒
Hangzhou 忒
Ningbo 忒
Wenzhou 忒
Jinhua 太ふとし, 忒
Xiang Changsha 太ふとし
Shuangfeng 太ふとし, 忒
Note > - after adjective or adverb
See also[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • tài - when used as 1-character title;
  • tai - when used after 太ふとし.
Note: taai3-2 - “Mrs.” when used on its own.
Definitions[edit]

太ふとし

  1. Short for 太ふと太ふと (tàitai, “wife; Miss; Mrs”).
    李り太ふとし [Cantonese]  ―  lei5 taai3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Mrs. Li
    陳ひね太ふとし／陈太ふとし [Cantonese]  ―  can4 taai3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Mrs. Chan

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Definitions[edit]

太ふとし

  1. † Only used in 太ふと末すえ.

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See Korean 太ふとし.

Definitions[edit]

太ふとし

  1. (Korean Classical Chinese) soybean
    Synonym: 大豆だいず (dàdòu)

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 太ふとし – see 泰やすし (“big; large; great; extensive; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 泰やすし).
Notes:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

太ふとし

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (adjective): fat

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

太ふとし(ふと) • (futo) 

  1. fatness
  2. a fat person, a fatty
  3. fat-necked shamisen
  4. thick thread
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Prefix[edit]

太ふとし(ふと) • (futo-) 

  1. added to words describing gods or the emperor or other exalted subjects to denote greatness or excellence
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 17, poem 4031:
      ; text here
      奈加等とう美乃よしの 敷じき刀がたな能のう里さと⟨等とう其⟩等とう 伊比いび波なみ良りょう倍ばい 安やす⟨賀が⟩布ぬの伊能いのう知とも毛け 多おお我わが多た米べい尓奈礼れい
      中ちゅう臣しんの 太ふとし祝詞のりと言げん 言げんひ祓はらいへ 贖ふ命いのちも 誰だれがために汝なんじれ
      なかとみの ふとのりとごと いひはらへ あかふいのちも たがためになれ
      Nakatomi no / futonoritogoto / iiharae / akau inochi mo / ta ga tame ni nare
      Reciting the Nakatomi's excellent ritual offering, whose [long] life was prayed for? Yours.
  2. added to regular nouns to denote fatness or thickness
    太ふとし(ふと)腿もも(もも)、太ふとし(ふと)箸はし(ばし)
    futo-momo, futo-bashi
    the thigh (the thick part of the leg), fat chopsticks (used at New Years)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

The Old Japanese 終止しゅうし形がた (shūshikei, “terminal (sentence-final) form”) of adjective 太ふとい (futoi, “fat, thick, big”).[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [ɸɯ̟̊ᵝto̞ɕi]

Proper noun[edit]

太ふとし(ふとし) • (Futoshi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 3[edit]

Derived from the root word 大だい (ō, “great, big”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

太ふとし(おお) • (Ō) ←おほ (ofo)?

  1. a surname

Etymology 4[edit]

From Middle Chinese 太ふとし (thajH). Compare modern Mandarin 太ふとし (tài).

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

太ふとし(たい) • (tai-) 

  1. big, fat, great
Usage notes[edit]
  • Only found in compounds.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 5[edit]

From a colloquial form of 太ふとし in Middle Chinese. Compare the similar corruption in Mandarin 大だい (dà).

Pronunciation[edit]

Prefix[edit]

太ふとし(た) • (ta-) 

  1. big, fat, great
Usage notes[edit]

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくご大だい辞典じてん（新装しんそう版ばん） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource


Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 太ふとし (MC thajH). The "pollock" sense is supposedly from the surname, after a fisherman.

Hanja[edit]

太ふとし (eumhun 클 태 (keul tae))

  1. Hanja form? of 태 (“large; great; big; excessive”). [affix]
  2. Hanja form? of 태. [surname]
  3. Hanja form? of 태 (“pollock”). [affix]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

A Korean graphic abbreviation of Chinese 大豆だいず (dàdòu, “soybean”, literally “big bean”), perhaps attested as early as the eighth century.

Presumably, it was originally used as a logogram for the native Korean word 코ᇰ (Yale: khwòng, “soybean”), without a Sino-Korean reading of its own. At some point—perhaps after the logogramic representation of native Korean words declined following the invention of the Hangul alphabet in the 1400s—it became conflated with the visually identical character 太ふとし (“large; great”) and now shares its Sino-Korean reading, 태 (tae).

Hanja[edit]

太ふとし (eumhun 콩 태 (kong tae))

  1. Hanja form? of 태 (“soybean”). [affix]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

太ふとし: Hán Nôm readings: Thái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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