太ふとし后きさき

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Chinese

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too (much); very; extremely
too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest
 empress; queen; surname
simp. and trad.
(太ふとし后きさき) 		太ふとし 后きさき

Etymology

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Attested earliest in Stratagems of the Warring States:

周しゅう君きみ之これ秦はた。謂いい周しゅう最さい曰：「不ふ如譽ほまれ秦はた王おう之これ孝こう也，因いん以應おう為ため太ふとし后きさき養やしなえ地ち。秦はた王おう、太ふとし后きさき必喜き，是これ公おおやけ有ゆう秦はた也。交善ぜん，周しゅう君きみ必以為公おおやけ功こう；交惡あく，勸すすむ周しゅう君きみ入いれ秦はた者もの，必有罪ゆうざい矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
周しゅう君きみ之これ秦はた。谓周しゅう最さい曰：「不ふ如誉ほまれ秦はた王おう之これ孝こう也，因いん以应为太ふとし后きさき养地ち。秦はた王おう、太ふとし后きさき必喜き，是これ公おおやけ有ゆう秦はた也。交善ぜん，周しゅう君きみ必以为公おおやけ功こう；交恶，劝周しゅう君きみ入いれ秦はた者もの，必有罪ゆうざい矣。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5th – 3rd centuries BCE
Zhōujūn zhī qín. Wèi Zhōu Zuì yuē: “Bùrú yù Qínwáng zhī xiào yě, yīn yǐ yìng wèi tàihòu yǎngdì. Qínwáng, tàihòu bì xǐ, shì gōng yǒu Qín yě. Jiāo shàn, Zhōujūn bì yǐwèi gōng gōng; jiāo è, quàn Zhōujūn rù Qín zhě, bì yǒuzuì yǐ.” [Pinyin]
The Lord of Zhou was going to Qin, and someone spoke to Zhou Zui, saying: "You could do no better than to praise the filial piety of the King of Qin, and take the opportunity to provide land to support the Queen Dowager. The King of Qin and the Queen Dowager will certainly be pleased, and this being so you will gain Qin's support. If relations improve, the Lord of Zhou will attribute the success to you. If they decline, whoever prompted him to go to Qin will certainly be blamed."

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 太ふとし 后きさき 后きさき
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲こえ) 透とおる (6) 匣くしげ (33) 匣くしげ (33)
Final (韻いん) 泰やすし (25) 侯ほう (137) 侯ほう (137)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open Open Open
Division (等ひとし) I I I
Fanqie 他た蓋ぶた切きり 胡えびす口くち切きり 胡えびす遘切きり
Baxter thajH huwX huwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑiH/ /ɦəuX/ /ɦəuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑiH/ /ɦəuX/ /ɦəuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑiH/ /ɣəuX/ /ɣəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰajH/ /ɦəwX/ /ɦəwH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑiH/ /ɣuX/ /ɣuH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑiH/ /ɣəuX/ /ɣəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑiH/ /ɣə̯uX/ /ɣə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tài hòu hòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		taai3 hau6 hau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 太ふとし 后きさき
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tài hòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thajH › ‹ huwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/ /*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/
English great sovereign; queen

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 太ふとし 后きさき 后きさき
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 1937 5168 5172
Phonetic
component 		大だい 后きさき 后きさき
Rime
group 		祭まつり 侯ほう 侯ほう
Rime
subdivision 		1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		泰やすし 厚あつ 𠋫
Old
Chinese 		/*tʰaːds/ /*ɡoːʔ/ /*ɡoːs/

Noun

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太ふとし后きさき

  1. empress dowager

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (太ふとし后きさき):
  • → Thai: ไทเฮา (tai-hao)

    • Japanese

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    太ふとし 后きさき
    たい
    Grade: 2     		こう
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 太ふとし后きさき (MC thajH huwX|huwH).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    太ふとし(たい)后きさき(こう) • (taikō) 

    1. an empress dowager
      Synonym: 皇太后こうたいごう (kōtaigō)

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    太ふとし 后きさき
    おお
    Grade: 2     		きさき > きさい
    Grade: 6
    nanori kun’yomi

    Extension of 大だい后きさき (ōkisaki, “empress”), also read as later ōkisai.

    Noun

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    太ふとし(おお)后きさき(きさき) • (ōkisaki) ←おほきさき (ofokisaki)? or 太ふとし(おお)后きさき(きさい) • (ōkisai) ←おほきさい (ofokisai)?

    1. (archaic) an empress dowager
      • c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Sakaki)
        大だい(おほ)后きさき(きさき)も参まいり(まゐ)りたまはむとするを...
        ōkisaki mo mairi-tamahan to suru o...
        Though the Empress Dowager also thought she would visit him...
    Derived terms
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    References

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    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja in this term
    太ふとし后きさき

    Noun

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    太ふとし后きさき • (taehu) (hangeul 태후)

    1. Hanja form? of 태후 (“empress dowager”).

    Old Japanese

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    Etymology

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    Extension of 大だい后きさき (opoki₁saki₁, “empress”).

    Noun

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    太ふとし后きさき (opoki₁saki₁) (kana おほきさき)

    1. an empress dowager

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Vietnamese

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    chữ Hán Nôm in this term
    太ふとし后きさき

    Noun

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    太ふとし后きさき

    1. chữ Hán form of thái hậu (“empress dowager”).
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