辛からし

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See also: 幸こう, 羍, and 푸
辛からし U+8F9B, 辛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9B
← 辚
[U+8F9A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辜 →
[U+8F9C]
⾟ U+2F9F, ⾟
KANGXI RADICAL BITTER
← ⾞
[U+2F9E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾠ →
[U+2FA0]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 160 辛からし

辛からし (Kangxi radical 160, 辛からし+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜ぼく廿にじゅう十じゅう (YTJ), four-corner 00401, composition ⿱立だて十じゅう or ⿱亠𢆉)

  1. Kangxi radical #160, ⾟.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8F9B

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 辛からし
alternative forms 亲

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 辛からし
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛からし) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親おや *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛からし *siŋ
新しん *siŋ
薪たきぎ *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) of a tool—chisel, awl, spike—used to mark slaves and criminals. It is related to 䇂.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin (“liver; heart; bile; bitter”); compare Tibetan མཆིན (mchin, “liver”), Burmese သည်း (sany:, “liver”), Tangut 𗮰 (*sji², “liver”) (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 辛からし
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 心しん (16)
Final (韻いん) 眞しん (43)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 息いき鄰切きり
Baxter sin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sin/
Li
Rong 		/siĕn/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辛からし
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]i[n]/
English pungent; painful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辛からし
Reading # 1/1
No. 13810
Phonetic
component 		辛からし
Rime
group 		眞しん
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		新しん
Old
Chinese 		/*siŋ/
Notes 甲きのえ文ぶん象ぞう黥刺とげ刀かたな具ぐ，
𠞂（皮かわ傷きず）初はつ文ぶん

Definitions

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辛からし

  1. spicy; hot; pungent
    辛からし辣  ―  xīnlà  ―  spicy
  2. hard; laborious; toilsome
    辛からし苦く  ―  xīnkǔ  ―  laborious
  3. sorrowful; miserable; hard
    辛からし酸さん  ―  xīnsuān  ―  bitter
  4. a surname
    辛からし棄疾やまし／辛からし弃疾やまし  ―  Xīn Qìjí  ―  Xin Qiji (Chinese poet during the Southern Song dynasty)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 辣 (“spicy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 辛からし
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 辣, 辛辣しんらつ
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 辣
Taiwan 辣
Chifeng 辣
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 辣
Harbin 辣
Shenyang 辣
Malaysia 辣
Singapore 辣
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 辣
Tangshan 辣
Cangzhou 辣
Baoding 辣
Shijiazhuang 辣
Jinan 辣
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 辣
Qingdao 辣
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 麻あさ
Zhengzhou 辣
Xi'an 辣
Xining 辣
Xuzhou 辣
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 辣
Lanzhou 辣
Ürümqi 辣
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 辣
Chongqing 辣
Wuhan 辣
Guiyang 辣
Kunming 辣
Guilin 辣
Liuzhou 辣
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 辣
Yangzhou 辣
Nantong 辣
Hefei 辣
Cantonese Guangzhou 辣
Hong Kong 辣
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 辣
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 辣
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 辣
Taishan 辣
Dongguan 辣
Yangjiang 辣
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 辣
Singapore (Guangfu) 辣
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 辣
Gan Nanchang 辣
Lichuan 辣
Pingxiang 辣
Hakka Meixian 辣
Dongguan (Qingxi) 辣
Heyuan (Bendihua) 辣
Wengyuan 辣
Liannan 辣
Jiexi 辣
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 辣
Changting 辣
Wuping (Yanqian) 辣
Ninghua 辣
Yudu 辣
Ningdu 辣
Tonggu (Sandu) 辣
Ganzhou (Panlong) 辣
Dayu 辣
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 辣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 辣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 辣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 辣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 辣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 薟
Hong Kong 辣
Mengshan (Xihe) 辣
Luchuan 辣
Senai (Huiyang) 辣
Huizhou Jixi 辣
Shexian 辣
Jin Taiyuan 辣
Xinzhou 辣
Linhe 辣
Jining 辣
Hohhot 辣
Zhangjiakou 辣
Handan 辣
Eastern Min Fuzhou 辣
Southern Min Xiamen 辣
Quanzhou 辣
Zhangzhou 辣
Zhao'an 薟
Dongshan 薟
Taipei 薟
Taipei (Wanhua) 薟
New Taipei (Tamsui) 薟
New Taipei (Sanxia) 薟
New Taipei (Pingxi) 薟
Kaohsiung 薟
Yilan 薟
Changhua (Lukang) 薟
Taichung 薟
Taichung (Wuqi) 薟
Tainan 辣, 薟
Taitung 薟
Hsinchu 薟
Kinmen 辣
Penghu (Magong) 辣
Penang (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
Singapore (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
Manila (Hokkien) 風ふう, 辣
Chaozhou 薟
Shantou 薟
Shantou (Chenghai) 薟
Shantou (Chaoyang) 薟
Jieyang 薟
Haifeng 薟
Bangkok (Teochew) 薟
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 薟
Singapore (Teochew) 薟
Pontianak (Teochew) 薟
Wenchang 辣
Haikou 辣
Qionghai 辣
Singapore (Hainanese) 辣
Puxian Min Putian 辣
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 辣
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 辣
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 辣
Xianyou 辣
Xianyou (Fengting) 辣
Xianyou (Youyang) 辣
Central Min Yong'an 辣
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 辣
Shehua Fu'an 辣
Fuding 辣
Luoyuan 辣
Sanming 辣
Shunchang 辣
Hua'an 辣
Guixi (Zhangping) 辣
Cangnan 辣
Jingning (Hexi) 辣
Lishui 辣
Longyou 辣
Chaozhou 辣
Fengshun 辣
Wu Shanghai 辣
Shanghai (Chongming) 辣
Suzhou 辣
Danyang 辣
Hangzhou 辣
Ningbo 辣
Wenzhou 辣
Jinhua 辣
Jinhua (Tangxi) 辣農
Xiang Changsha 辣
Loudi 辣

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 辛からし
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 心しん (16)
Final (韻いん) 眞しん (43)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 息いき鄰切きり
Baxter sin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sin/
Li
Rong 		/siĕn/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辛からし
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*si[n]/
English 8th heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辛からし
Reading # 1/1
No. 13810
Phonetic
component 		辛からし
Rime
group 		眞しん
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		新しん
Old
Chinese 		/*siŋ/
Notes 甲きのえ文ぶん象ぞう黥刺とげ刀かたな具ぐ，
𠞂（皮かわ傷きず）初はつ文ぶん

Definitions

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辛からし

  1. eighth of the ten heavenly stems
  2. (in a list) eighth; number 8; VIII
  3. (organic chemistry) octa-
Coordinate terms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (辛からし):

Others:

  • → Zhuang: sin

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from English symplectic.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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辛からし

  1. (mathematics, attributive) symplectic

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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辛からし

  1. Used in transcription.

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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辛からし

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. spicy, hot, acrid
  2. bitter, painful, difficult

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
辛からし
しん
Grade: S
on'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese 辛からし (sin).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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辛からし(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天てん干ひ (tenkan), 十干じっかん (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲きのえ, 乙おつ, 丙へい, 丁ちょう, 戊つちのえ, 己おのれ, 庚かのえ, 辛からし, 壬みずのえ, 癸みずのと

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
辛からし
かのと
Grade: S
kun'yomi

金きむ (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟おとうと (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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辛からし(かのと) • (Kanoto) 

  1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天てん干ひ (tenkan), 十干じっかん (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲きのえ, 乙おつ, 丙へい, 丁ちょう, 戊つちのえ, 己おのれ, 庚かのえ, 辛からし, 壬みずのえ, 癸みずのと

Korean

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Hanja

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辛からし (eumhun 매울 신 (mae'ul sin))

  1. bitter
  2. toilsome, laborious
  3. 8th heavenly stem

Vietnamese

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Han character

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辛からし: Hán Nôm readings: tân, tăn, tơn

  1. chữ Hán form of Tân (“eighth of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天てん干ひ, 十干じっかん
    Coordinate terms: 甲きのえ, 乙おつ, 丙へい, 丁ちょう, 戊つちのえ, 己おのれ, 庚かのえ, 辛からし, 壬みずのえ, 癸みずのと

Compounds

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