癸みずのと

癸みずのと U+7678, 癸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7678 ← 癷 [U+7677] CJK Unified Ideographs 癹 → [U+7679]

Translingual

Han character

癸みずのと (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓ゆみ人じん一大いちだい (NOMK), four-corner 1243₀, composition ⿱癶天てん)

Derived characters

• 𡎝 𡞳 揆 湀 猤 暌 楑 睽 䙆 聧 䠏 䤆 鍨 騤(骙)
• 鄈 戣 䳫 葵あおい 闋(阕)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 783, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22660
• Dae Jaweon: page 1193, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2760, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7678

Chinese

trad.		癸みずのと
simp. #		癸みずのと
alternative forms		𫻮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 癸みずのと
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (癸みずのと) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
睽	*kʰʷiːl
湀	*kʰʷiːl, *kʷilʔ, *ɡʷilʔ, *kʰʷiːd
聧	*kʰʷiː
藈	*kʰʷiːl
癸みずのと	*kʷilʔ
葵あおい	*ɡʷil
鄈	*ɡʷil
楑	*ɡʷil, *ɡʷilʔ
戣	*ɡʷril
鍨	*ɡʷril
騤	*ɡʷril, *kʷiːd
揆	*ɡʷilʔ
猤	*ɡʷils
闋	*kʰʷiːd

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) - Multiple uncertain interpretations.

Possibly, this was a pictograph of a four handled plow, meant to be operated by 4 people at a time. This character shows how essential and commonplace collective farming was roughly 3000 years ago. Otherwise, it is composed of two halberds (戣 kuí).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Glyph origin from Chinese Wiktionary”)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): guǐ (gui³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kui
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kúi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gui³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gue

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guěi
    • Wade–Giles: kuei³
    • Yale: gwěi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goei
    • Palladius: гуй (guj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: gui⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuei²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwai³
    • Yale: gwai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: guei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kui
    • Hakka Romanization System: gui
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯i⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kúi
    • Tâi-lô: kuí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gui³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kùi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gue
    • MiniDict: gue^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³gue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡue²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjwijX

Rime
Character	癸みずのと
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	見み (28)
Final (韻いん)	脂あぶら (16)
Tone (調しらべ)	Rising (X)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	居きょ誄切きり
Baxter	kjwijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwiX/
Li Rong	/kuiX/
Wang Li	/kwiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷilʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	癸みずのと
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwijX ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷijʔ/
English	10th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	癸みずのと
Reading #	1/1
No.	4644
Phonetic component	癸みずのと
Rime group	脂あぶら
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	癸みずのと
Old Chinese	/*kʷilʔ/
Notes	戴侗雲くも戣初はつ文ぶん；甲きのえ文ぶん象ぞう二に工こう（金きむ文ぶん或ある變へん二に木き）相そう交以度ど圜，本ほん規ぶんまわし初はつ文ぶん

Definitions

癸みずのと

1. the tenth of the ten heavenly stems
2. a surname

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese heavenly stems) 天てん干ひ (tiāngān); 甲きのえ (jiǎ), 乙おつ (yǐ), 丙へい (bǐng), 丁ちょう, 戊つちのえ (wù), 己おのれ (jǐ), 庚かのえ (gēng), 辛からし (xīn), 壬みずのえ (rén), 癸みずのと (guǐ) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)}

Compounds

• 呼よび庚かのえ呼よび癸みずのと
• 天てん癸みずのと
• 履くつ癸みずのと
• 庚かのえ癸みずのと
• 庚かのえ癸みずのと之の呼よび
• 癸みずのと字じ號ごう／癸みずのと字じ号ごう
• 癸みずのと期き
• 癸みずのと水すい

 

Descendants

• → Zhuang: gveiq

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #5236”, in 臺灣たいわん閩南語ご常用じょうよう詞し辭典じてん [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

癸みずのと

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. something J
   1. tenth of the ten heavenly stems
   2. tenth rank

Readings

• Go-on: き (ki)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• Kun: みずのと (mizunoto, 癸みずのと)^{←みづのと (midunoto, 癸みずのと, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
癸みずのと
き Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 癸みずのと (kjwij^X).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) き​ [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

• Homophones: 木き, 樹き, 生せい, 杵きね, 柝, 黄き, 己おのれ, 危, 忌き, 奇き, 季き, 紀きの, 鬼おに, 基もと, 揆, 期き, 簋

Proper noun

癸みずのと(き) • (Ki) 

1. the tenth of the ten heavenly stems;

   Hypernyms: 天てん干ひ (tenkan), 十干じっかん (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲きのえ, 乙おつ, 丙へい, 丁ちょう, 戊つちのえ, 己おのれ, 庚かのえ, 辛からし, 壬みずのえ, 癸みずのと

2. the tenth rank; something J

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
癸みずのと
みずのと Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

水みず (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟おとうと (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みずの​と [mìzúnóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [mʲizɨᵝno̞to̞]

Proper noun

癸みずのと(みずのと) • (Mizunoto) ^{←みづのと (midunoto)?}

1. the tenth of the ten heavenly stems

   Hypernyms: 天てん干ひ (tenkan), 十干じっかん (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲きのえ, 乙おつ, 丙へい, 丁ちょう, 戊つちのえ, 己おのれ, 庚かのえ, 辛からし, 壬みずのえ, 癸みずのと

Korean

Hanja

癸みずのと (eumhun 천간 계 (cheon'gan gye))

1. Hanja form^? of 계 (“tenth heavenly stem”).

Vietnamese

Han character

癸みずのと: Hán Nôm readings: quý, quấy, quậy

1. chữ Hán form of Quý (“tenth of the ten heavenly stems”).

   Hypernyms: 天てん干ひ, 十干じっかん

   Coordinate terms: 甲きのえ, 乙おつ, 丙へい, 丁ちょう, 戊つちのえ, 己おのれ, 庚かのえ, 辛からし, 壬みずのえ, 癸みずのと

Compounds

• 癸みずのと丑うし (Qúy Sửu/Quý Sửu)
• 癸みずのと亥い (Qúy Hợi/Quý Hợi)
• 癸みずのと卯う (Qúy Mão/Quý Mão)
• 癸巳きし (Qúy Tỵ/Quý Tỵ)
• 癸みずのと未ひつじ (Qúy Mùi/Quý Mùi)
• 癸みずのと酉とり (Qúy Dậu/Quý Dậu)