くも

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See also: うん
くも U+96F2, 雲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F2

[U+96F1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+96F3]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order (Taiwan)
12 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

くも (Kangxi radical 173, あめ+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input いちがついちいちほこ (MBMMI), four-corner 10731, composition うん)

  1. Shuōwén Jiězì radical №423

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42235
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1879, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4058, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+96F2

Chinese[edit]

trad. くも
simp. うん*
alternative forms うん ancient
Wikipedia has articles on:
くも

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character くも
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい会意かいい) and phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい形声けいせい, OC *ɢun) : semantic あめ (rain) + phonetic うん (OC *ɢun, cloud). Originally written うん, with the あめ radical added to うん to distinguish from the borrowed sense of “to speak”.

Etymology[edit]

Very few outside cognates exist. Starostin compares it with Mizo vân (sky, the skies, heaven) and Karbi inghun (cloud).

Alternatively, this is a derivation from a root meaning “to revolve”. Compare うん (OC *ɢuns, “to move”), かい (OC *ɡuːl, “to whirl, to circle”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • hûn - vernacular;
  • ûn/în - literary.
Note: hhion (T3) - archaic.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location くも
Mandarin Beijing /yn³⁵/
Harbin /yn²⁴/
Tianjin /yn⁴⁵/
Jinan /yẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /yə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /yn⁴²/
Xi'an /yẽ²⁴/
Xining /yə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁵³/
Ürümqi /yŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn²¹³/
Chengdu /yn³¹/
Guiyang /in²¹/
Kunming /ĩ³¹/
Nanjing /yn²⁴/
Hefei /yn⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /yŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦyŋ²³/
/ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦyən¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦyn²¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /yan⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn¹³/
Xiangtan /yn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /yn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iun¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐn²¹/
Nanning /wɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /wɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /un³⁵/
/hun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /huŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /huŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zun³¹/
/hun³¹/

Rime
Character くも
Reading # 1/1
Initial (こえ) うん (35)
Final (いん) ぶん (59)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (ひらきあい) Closed
Division (ひとし) III
Fanqie おうぶんきり
Baxter hjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɨun/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦiun/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦun/
Li
Rong
/ɣiuən/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wan4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character くも
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yún
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjun ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷə[n]/
English cloud

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character くも
Reading # 1/1
No. 16358
Phonetic
component
うん
Rime
group
ぶん
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
くも
Old
Chinese
/*ɢun/

Definitions[edit]

くも

  1. cloud (Classifier: へん m;  m;  c)
  2. (computing) cloud
  3. (figurative) many; numerous
  4. Short for 雲南うんなんうんみなみ (Yúnnán, “Yunnan”).
  5. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くも

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
くも
くも
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
くも (kumo): an anvil-shaped cumulonimbus cloud

⟨kumo1 → */kumʷo//kumo/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kumo.

Possibly an ancient nativized borrowing from Old Chinese くも (*ɢun).

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

くも(くも) (kumo

  1. a cloud (visible mass of water droplets or other related material suspended in the air)
  2. (by extension) of how clouds are widely spread:
    1. something spreading over like clouds in the sky
    2. something clouded, foggy, or gloomy
  3. (by extension) of how clouds are high above in the sky:
    1. the sky, heavens
    2. a person or object of higher rank or status
    3. something clouded, obscure, or unusual
  4. (by extension) the smoke during cremation that is thought to be the soul of the deceased person ascending into the heavens
  5. a style of 家紋かもん (kamon, family crest) with a design of cloud(s), usually associated with major Buddhist temples
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:くも.

Derived terms[edit]
Idioms[edit]
Proverbs[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

くも(くも) (Kumo

  1. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
くも
うん
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese くも (MC hjun).

Affix[edit]

くも(うん) (un

  1. cloud
  2. (figuratively) high, tall, far-off, or distant
  3. (historical) Short for 出雲いずもくに (Izumo-no-kuni): Izumo Province
Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

くも(うん) (un

  1. (rare) a mochi rice cake

Proper noun[edit]

くも(うん) (Un

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語こくごだい辞典じてん新装しんそうばん [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語にほんご発音はつおんアクセント辞典じてん [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese くも (MC hjun). Recorded as Middle Korean (wun) (Yale: wun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもうかい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

くも (eumhun 구름 (gureum un))

  1. Hanja form? of (cloud).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさけい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅうけいきた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くも

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
くも
くむ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kumo.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

くも(くむ) (kumu

  1. a cloud (visible mass of water droplets or other related material suspended in the air)

Derived terms[edit]

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *kumo.

Noun[edit]

くも (kumo1 → kumo) (kana くも)

  1. a cloud (visible mass of water droplets or other related material suspended in the air)
  2. (by extension) the smoke during cremation that is thought to be the soul of the deceased person ascending into the heavens
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:くも.

Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: くも (kumo)

Etymology 2[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun[edit]

くも (kumu) (kana くむ)

  1. (regional, Southern Eastern Old Japanese) a cloud
Derived terms[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

くも: Hán Việt readings: vân

  1. chữ Hán form of vân (cloud).

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

くも

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kumo.

Noun[edit]

くも(んむ) (nmu

  1. cloud