工こう

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See also: エ [U+30A8 KATAKANA LETTER E], ㆲ [U+31B2 BOPOMOFO LETTER ONG], and Appendix:Variations of "i"
工こう U+5DE5, 工
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DE5
← 巤
[U+5DE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 左ひだり →
[U+5DE6]
⼯ U+2F2F, ⼯
KANGXI RADICAL WORK
← ⼮
[U+2F2E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼰ →
[U+2F30]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 48 工こう

工こう (Kangxi radical 48, 工こう+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一いち中ちゅう一いち (MLM), four-corner 10100, composition ⿱一いち丄 or ⿱丅一いち)

  1. Kangxi radical #48, ⼯.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 325, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8714
  • Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 410, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5DE5

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 工こう
alternative forms
𠜝
㠪
𢀚
𢒅
㣉
𠜝
㠪
𢀚
𢒅
㣉
𢒄
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 工こう
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (工こう) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江こう *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠ゆずりは *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹にじ *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控ひかえ *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項こう *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功こう *koːŋ
工こう *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻おさむ *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢みつぎ *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空そら *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅べに *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻おおとり *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐こわ *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – a bladed tool.

Etymology 1

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An area word; compare Burmese ခိုင်း (hkuing:, “to order or ask someone to do something”), Old Mon kloñ (kloɲ, “to work”), Old Mon klon (klon, “to have charge of cultivation”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Cognate with 功こう (OC *koːŋ, “merit; achievement”), 攻おさむ (OC *koːŋ, *kuːŋ, “to attack”). The senses evolved in the following manner: 工こう (“work artisan”) > 功こう (“merit; achievement”) > 攻おさむ (“to attack”) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gĕ̤ng - vernacular;
  • gŭng - literary.
Note:
  • kong - literary;
  • kang - vernacular;
  • khang - vernacular (in 工こう課か).
Note: gong1 - one of the symbols in Gongchepu.
Rime
Character 工こう
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 見み (28)
Final (韻いん) 東ひがし (1)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 古ふる紅べに切きり
Baxter kuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kuŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gung1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 工こう 工こう
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gōng gōng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwng › ‹ kuwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁoŋ/ /*kˁoŋ/
English officer work

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 工こう
Reading # 1/1
No. 4022
Phonetic
component 		工こう
Rime
group 		東ひがし
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		公おおやけ
Old
Chinese 		/*koːŋ/

Definitions

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工こう

  1. labour; work (Classifier: 份 c)
    工こう作さく  ―  gōngzuò  ―  work
    罷やめ工こう／罢工こう  ―  bàgōng  ―  to strike
    偷工こう減げん料りょう／偷工こう减料  ―  tōugōngjiǎnliào  ―  to do shoddy work and use inferior materials
  2. (regional or dialectal, including Southeast Asia) work; job; profession (Classifier: 份 c)
    你做什麼いんも工こう？／你做什么工こう？  ―  Nǐ zuò shénme gōng?  ―  What is your job?
    你失しつ咗業ごう咁耐たい，仲なか唔快こころよ啲搵返かえし份工こう！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你失しつ咗业咁耐たい，仲なか唔快こころよ啲揾返かえし份工こう！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    From: 開放かいほう詞し典てん／开放词典 [Kaifang Cidian]
    nei5 sat1 zo2 jip6 gam3 noi6, zung6 m4 faai3 di1 wan2 faan1 fan6 gung1! [Jyutping]
    It's been a while since you lost your job; you need to find a new job soon!
  3. (Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min) working day; daytime; a day (24 hours)
  4. worker; labourer
    女おんな工こう  ―  nǚgōng  ―  female worker
    礦工こう／矿工こう  ―  kuànggōng  ―  miner
    陶とう瓷工こう  ―  táocígōng  ―  potter
    工こう農のう／工こう农  ―  gōngnóng  ―  workers and peasants
  5. man-day
  6. construction
    工こう地ち  ―  gōngdì  ―  construction site
    竣工こう  ―  jùngōng  ―  to finish construction
  7. industry
    化か工こう  ―  huàgōng  ―  chemical industry
  8. engineer
  9. skill; technique
  10. to be good at; to be skilled in
  11. delicate; exquisite; fine
    工こう巧たくみ  ―  gōngqiǎo  ―  delicate; exquisite

Synonyms

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  • (time period):
Dialectal synonyms of 天てん (“day (24 hours)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 日ひ
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 日ひ, 天てん
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 天てん
Taiwan 天てん
Malaysia 天てん
Singapore 天てん
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 天てん
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 天てん
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 天てん
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 天てん
Guiyang 天てん
Guilin 天てん
Liuzhou 天てん
Cantonese Guangzhou 日ひ
Hong Kong 日ひ
Taishan 日ひ
Taishan (Guanghai) 日ひ
Guiping (Jintian) 日ひ
Chongzuo (Laituan) 天てん
Fusui (Qujiu) 日ひ
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 日ひ
Singapore (Guangfu) 日ひ
Mandalay (Taishan) 日ひ, 天てん
Gan Nanchang 日ひ
Lichuan 日ひ
Pingxiang 工こう, 日ひ
Hakka Meixian 日ひ
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 日ひ
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 日ひ
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 日ひ
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 日ひ
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 日ひ
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 日ひ
Huizhou Jixi 日ひ
Jin Taiyuan 天てん
Northern Min Jian'ou 工こう
Eastern Min Fuzhou 日ひ, 工こう
Gutian 工こう
Pingnan 工こう
Fu'an 工こう
Ningde 工こう
Xiapu 工こう
Zherong 工こう
Shouning 工こう
Zhouning 工こう
Fuding 工こう
Southern Min Xiamen 日ひ
Quanzhou 日ひ, 工こう
Anxi 工こう
Yongchun 日ひ, 工こう
Zhangzhou 日ひ
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 日ひ
Zhao'an 日ひ
Dongshan 日ひ
Taipei 工こう, 日ひ
New Taipei (Sanxia) 工こう, 日ひ
Kaohsiung 工こう, 日ひ
Yilan 工こう, 日ひ
Changhua (Lukang) 工こう, 日ひ
Taichung 日ひ, 工こう
Taichung (Wuqi) 工こう
Tainan 工こう, 日ひ
Taitung 日ひ
Hsinchu 日ひ, 工こう
Kinmen 工こう
Penghu (Magong) 工こう
Penang (Hokkien) 日ひ
Singapore (Hokkien) 工こう, 日ひ
Manila (Hokkien) 日ひ
Datian 工こう
Pingnan (Pingtian) 日ひ
Guilin (Biyange) 日ひ
Chaozhou 日ひ
Shantou 日ひ
Singapore (Teochew) 日ひ
Haikou 日ひ
Singapore (Hainanese) 日ひ
Puxian Min Putian 工こう, 日ひ
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 工こう
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 日ひ
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 工こう
Xianyou 工こう
Xianyou (Fengting) 工こう
Xianyou (Youyang) 工こう
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dabu) 日ひ
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 日ひ
Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 日ひ
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 日ひ
Wu Shanghai 天てん, 日ひ, 日にち天てん
Suzhou 日ひ
Hangzhou 日ひ
Ningbo 日ひ
Wenzhou 日ひ
Jinhua 日ひ
Xiang Changsha 天てん
Dialectal synonyms of 職業しょくぎょう (“job; occupation; profession”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 職しょく, 業ごう
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 職業しょくぎょう, 工作こうさく
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 工作こうさく
Singapore 工こう, 工作こうさく
Cantonese Guangzhou 工こう
Hong Kong 工こう
Singapore (Guangfu) 工こう
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭あたま路ろ
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭あたま路ろ
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭あたま路ろ
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭あたま路ろ
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭あたま路ろ
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭あたま路ろ
Southern Min Xiamen 頭あたま路ろ, 工こう課か, 穡路
Quanzhou 頭あたま路ろ, 工こう課か, 穡路
Jinjiang 頭あたま路ろ
Zhangzhou 頭あたま路ろ, 工こう課か, 穡路
Taipei 頭あたま路ろ
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭あたま路ろ, 職業しょくぎょう
Kaohsiung 工こう課か, 頭あたま路ろ, 穡頭, 職業しょくぎょう
Yilan 工こう課か, 頭あたま路ろ, 職業しょくぎょう
Changhua (Lukang) 工こう課か, 頭あたま路ろ, 職業しょくぎょう
Taichung 頭あたま路ろ, 工こう課か, 穡頭
Tainan 工こう課か, 頭あたま路ろ, 穡頭, 職業しょくぎょう
Hsinchu 頭あたま路ろ, 工こう課か
Kinmen 頭あたま路ろ, 工こう課か
Penghu (Magong) 工こう課か
Penang (Hokkien) 工こう課か, 工こう
Singapore (Hokkien) 工こう, 頭あたま路ろ, 工こう課か
Manila (Hokkien) 頭あたま路ろ
Jieyang 工こう課か
Singapore (Teochew) 工こう, 工こう課か
Singapore (Hainanese) 工こう
Wu Shanghai 工作こうさく, 生活せいかつ, 生なま意い, 行當ゆきあた, 飯めし碗わん figuratively, 飯めし碗わん頭あたま figuratively
Shanghai (Chongming) 生活せいかつ, 營生
Suzhou 行當ゆきあた
Danyang 生活せいかつ
Ningbo 生活せいかつ, 行當ゆきあた
Wenzhou 行當ゆきあた
Jinhua 行當ゆきあた, 事こと幹みき, 生活せいかつ

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 工こう

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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工こう

  1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note mi (3).
  2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note mi (3).

Derived terms

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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工こう

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. work, craft, art, skill
  2. workman, artisan

Readings

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  • Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: たくみ (takumi, 工こう)、たくむ (takumu, 工たくむ)、つかさ (tsukasa, 工こう)、わざ (waza, 工こう)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
工こう
たくみ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 工こう – see the following entry.
【たくみ】
[noun] 工こう, 匠たくみ: workman, artisan, mechanic, carpenter
[noun] 工こう, 匠たくみ: craft, skill; means, idea
[verb] stem or continuative form of たくむ (takumu) [godan]
Alternative spellings
匠たくみ, 巧だくみ
(This term, 工こう, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 工こう (MC kuwng).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

工こう (eumhun 장인 공 (jang'in gong))

  1. hanja form? of 공 (“master craftsman; master artisan”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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工こう: Hán Nôm readings: công, cong, côông, gồng, trong, cung

  1. chữ Hán form of công (“work; worker”).

Compounds

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