匠
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2605
- Dae Jaweon: page 345, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 83, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5320
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
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|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 匞 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (
In more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit]Several etymologies have been proposed:
- Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
- Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang4
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jion3
- Northern Min (KCR): tiōng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chióng
- Southern Min
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zian5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
- Wade–Giles: chiang4
- Yale: jyàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
- Palladius: цзян (czjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zoeng6
- Yale: jeuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng6
- Guangdong Romanization: zêng6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sœːŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siong
- Hakka Romanization System: xiong
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiong4
- Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jion3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Changtai, Longyan, Tainan)
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siūⁿ
- Tâi-lô: siūnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: sviu
- IPA (Zhangpu): /siũ³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiǔⁿ
- Tâi-lô: tshiǔnn
- IPA (Lukang): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiāng
- Tâi-lô: tshiāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiang
- IPA (Longyan): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
- Tâi-lô: siāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siang
- IPA (Zhangpu): /siaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng
- Tâi-lô: tsiōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciong
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
Note:
- chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ/siūⁿ - vernacular;
- chhiōng/chhiāng/siāng/chiōng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ciên7 / cion7 / ziang6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiēⁿ / tshiōⁿ / tsiăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/
Note:
- ciên7/cion7 - vernacular (ciên7 - Chaozhou);
- ziang6 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: dzjangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.baŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sbaŋs/
Definitions
[edit]Compounds
[edit]一 代 宗匠 丁 匠 刀匠 剃 頭 匠 ／剃 头匠 (tìtóujiàng)劣 匠 匠 人 (jiàngrén)匠 作 匠 伯 匠 師 ／匠 师匠 心 (jiàngxīn)匠 意 匠 成 匠 戶 ／匠 户匠 氏 匠氣 ／匠 气 (jiàngqì)匠 石 (jiàngshí)匣 匠 哲 匠 大 匠 大 匠 不 斲字 匠 宗匠 (zōngjiàng)將 作 大 匠 ／将 作 大 匠 將 匠 ／将 匠 小 爐 兒 匠 ／小 炉 儿匠工匠 (gōngjiàng)巨匠 (jùjiàng)巧 匠 (qiǎojiàng)帖 匠 帽 匠 弓 匠 心 匠 意匠 (yìjiàng)把 式 匠 接骨 匠 - 摟包
兒 匠 ／搂包儿匠 教書 匠 ／教 书匠 (jiāoshūjiàng)木 匠 (mùjiàng)桶 匠 梓 匠 梓 匠 輪 輿 ／梓 匠 轮舆棚 匠 (péngjiang)機 匠 ／机 匠 毛 毛 匠 法 匠 泥水 匠 (níshuǐjiàng)油 漆 匠 泥 瓦 匠 (níwǎjiàng)漆 匠 理髮 匠 ／理 发匠瓦 匠 (wǎjiàng)甕 子 匠 ／瓮子匠 (wèngzǐjiàng)畫 匠 ／画 匠 (huàjiàng)皮 匠 (píjiàng)石 匠 筆 匠 ／笔匠- 篾匠 (mièjiàng)
- 繡匠／绣匠
臭 皮 匠 (chòupíjiàng)船 匠 (chuánjiàng)良 匠 (liángjiàng)花 匠 (huājiàng)衣 匠 - 裱糊
匠 解 匠 譯 匠 ／译匠 (yìjiàng)車 匠 ／车匠 (chējiàng)軍 匠 ／军匠- 郢匠
- 郢匠揮斤／郢匠挥斤
都 料 匠 醫 匠 ／医 匠 金 匠 (jīnjiàng)針 筆 匠 ／针笔匠 銅 匠 ／铜匠 (tóngjiàng)銀 匠 ／银匠 (yínjiàng)錫 匠 ／锡匠 (xījiàng)鎖 匠 ／锁匠 (suǒjiàng)鐵 匠 ／铁匠 (tiějiàng)陶 匠 (táojiàng)- 雕刻
匠 靴 匠 (xuējiàng)- 鞋匠 (xiéjiàng)
香 匠
Descendants
[edit]- → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)
- → Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)
- → Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)
References
[edit]- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (
教育 部 異體 字 字典 ), A00420 - “
匠 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぞう (zō)←ざう (zau, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: たくみ (takumi,
匠 )
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| たくみ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
Noun
[edit]- craftsman, artisan
- craft, craftsmanship, skill
Proper noun
[edit]- a male given name
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| しょう Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese
Hanja
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (
國際 退 溪 學會 大邱 慶 北 支部 ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子 字典 . [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese terms derived from Mon-Khmer languages
- Chinese terms derived from Sino-Tibetan languages
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
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- Chinese nouns
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- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
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- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with
匠 - Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぞう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ざう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading たくみ
- Japanese terms spelled with
匠 read as たくみ - Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with
匠 - Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Japanese terms spelled with
匠 read as しょう - Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters