幸
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]- 倖, 㓑, 啈, 𭎬, 婞, 𭖩, 𢔛, 悻, 涬, 逹, 𣈑, 𪲟, 𬍬, 䁄, 䂔, 緈, 䛭(𰵰), 﨨, 𩜜, 𰖹
- 𭄬, 𠦧,
執 , 𠙜, 𢻏, 𢽞, 𪯎,報 , 瓡, 㼬, 𤿹,報 , 𮎙, 𢱬, 𨝜, 𰏮, 𰟚, 𪪉 - 𪡒, 𫳐, 𫈐, 𤲜, 𥦭, 睪, 𢆨, 𢩓, 𦵳, 𢆧, 𢆪, 𨵉, 𫡈, 圉
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 341, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9176
- Dae Jaweon: page 649, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 434, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5E78
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (
Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
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Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xin5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xing3
- Northern Min (KCR): hāing
- Eastern Min (BUC): hâing / hêng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xin4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sìng
- Wade–Giles: hsing4
- Yale: syìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
- Palladius: син (sin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xin4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hang6
- Yale: hahng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hang6
- Guangdong Romanization: heng6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɐŋ²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /haŋ³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xin5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen
- Hakka Romanization System: hen
- Hagfa Pinyim: hen4
- Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xing3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāing
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hâing / hêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /haiŋ²⁴²/, /hɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: xin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕin⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕiŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕiŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕiŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /ɕiə̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕiŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕĩn¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕin³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕin¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕin²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /ɕĩ¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ɕin⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /ɕiŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦiŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦin³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦin¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɦɛ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃²²/ |
Tunxi | /xɛ²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕin⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕin²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hen⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐŋ²²/ |
Nanning | /hɐŋ²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /hɐŋ²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɛiŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xaiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /heŋ³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /heŋ³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: heangX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤreŋʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːŋʔ/
Definitions
[edit]- by fluke; lucky
- alt. forms: 倖/
幸 (xìng)
- alt. forms: 倖/
- fortunate; lucky
三 生 有 幸 ― sānshēngyǒuxìng ― to be very lucky
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Qiū yě xìng, gǒu yǒu guò, rén bì zhī zhī.” [Pinyin]
- [T]the Master said, "I am fortunate! If I have any errors, people are sure to know them."
子 曰:「丘 也幸 ,苟有 過 ,人 必知 之 。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]子 曰:「丘 也幸 ,苟有 过,人 必知 之 。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- luckily; fortunately
- to rejoice
- (literary) to hope; to wish
- (historical, of an emperor) to personally visit
- (literary) to favour; to dote on
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (to hope):
企 待 (qǐdài) (literary)企 望 (qǐwàng)企 盼 (qǐpàn)- 冀望 (jìwàng) (literary)
向 望 (ǹg-bāng) (Hokkien)夢想 /梦想 (mèngxiǎng)寄 望 (jìwàng)巴 望 (bāwàng) (regional)希 冀 (xījì) (literary)希望 (xīwàng)- 引領/引领 (yǐnlǐng) (literary)
思 (literary, or in compounds)想望 (xion2 von3) (Jin)承 望 (chéngwàng)指 望 (zhǐwàng)期 冀 (qījì) (literary)期待 (qīdài)期 望 (qīwàng)渴望 (kěwàng)- 盼 (pàn)
- 盼望 (pànwàng)
願 /愿 (yuàn)願意 /愿 意 (yuànyì)鵠 望 /鹄望 (húwàng) (literary)
Compounds
[edit]三 生 有 幸 (sānshēngyǒuxìng)不幸 (bùxìng)不幸 之 幸 (bùxìngzhīxìng)- 佞幸
- 僥幸/侥幸 (jiǎoxìng)
- 召幸
多幸 (duōxìng)大幸 (dàxìng)天 幸 (tiānxìng)家門 不幸 /家 门不幸 家門 有 幸 /家 门有幸 寵 幸 /宠幸 (chǒngxìng)幸 不 辱 命 幸 位 幸 倡幸 免 (xìngmiǎn)幸喜 (xìngxǐ)幸 好 (xìnghǎo)幸 得 (xìngdé)幸 會 /幸 会 (xìnghuì)幸 民 幸 災 樂 禍 /幸 灾乐祸 (xìngzāilèhuò)幸 為 先 容 /幸 为先容 幸 然 幸 獲 識荊/幸 获识荆幸甚 (xìngshèn)幸生 (xìngshēng)幸福 (xìngfú)幸 童 幸 而 (xìng'ér)幸 臣 幸 蒙 幸 虧/幸 亏 (xìngkuī)幸 逢幸 進 /幸 进幸運 /幸 运 (xìngyùn)幸運 兒 /幸 运儿 (xìngyùn'ér)幸運 券 /幸 运券得 幸 - 徼幸 (jiǎoxìng)
恩 幸 愛幸 /爱幸慶 幸 /庆幸 (qìngxìng)所 幸 (suǒxìng)有 幸 (yǒuxìng)望 幸 榮 幸 /荣幸 (róngxìng)樂 禍 幸 災 /乐祸幸 灾權 幸 /权幸沒 幸 /没 幸 狼 心 狗 幸 (lángxīn gǒu xìng)短 幸 萬 幸 /万 幸 (wànxìng)- 竊幸
乘 寵 /窃幸乘 宠 臨幸 /临幸 (línxìng)藏 幸 行幸 (xíngxìng)貴幸 /贵幸巡幸 (xúnxìng)進 幸 /进幸- 邀天
之 幸
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of (This character is the simplified form of 倖). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of (This character is a variant form of 㚔). |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←ぎやう (gyau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: しあわせ (shiawase,
幸 せ, Jōyō)←しあはせ (siafase,幸 せ, historical); さいわい (saiwai,幸 い, Jōyō)←さいはひ (saifafi,幸 ひ, historical); さきわい (sakiwai,幸 い)←さきはひ (sakifafi,幸 ひ, historical); さき (saki); さちわい (sachiwai,幸 い)←さちはひ (satifafi,幸 ひ, historical); さち (sachi,幸 , Jōyō); さつ (satsu) - Nanori: ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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こう Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
/kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The good fortune and happiness senses are generally considered as overlapping.
Synonyms
[edit]- (good fortune):
幸 福 (kōfuku);幸 い (saiwai);幸 (sachi) - (happiness):
仕 合 せ (shiawase),幸 せ (shiawase) - (imperial appearance):
行幸 (miyuki),御 行 (miyuki),御 幸 (miyuki);御 幸 (gokō)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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しあわせ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of | ||
| ||
(This term, |
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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さいわい Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/ → /saiwai/
Derived from sakiwai below.[2][1]
More often spelled as
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]- very fortunate and happy, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
- favorable, ideal (often used in polite constructions)
- お
返 事 をいただければ幸 いです。- O-henji o itadakereba saiwai desu.
- It would be favorable if I could have your reply. → I would greatly appreciate your reply.
- お
Conjugation
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective ( |
さいわいだろ | saiwai daro | |
Continuative ( |
さいわいで | saiwai de | |
Terminal ( |
さいわいだ | saiwai da | |
Attributive ( |
さいわいな | saiwai na | |
Hypothetical ( |
さいわいなら | saiwai nara | |
Imperative ( |
さいわいであれ | saiwai de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | さいわいではない さいわいじゃない |
saiwai de wa nai saiwai ja nai | |
Informal past | さいわいだった | saiwai datta | |
Informal negative past | さいわいではなかった さいわいじゃなかった |
saiwai de wa nakatta saiwai ja nakatta | |
Formal | さいわいです | saiwai desu | |
Formal negative | さいわいではありません さいわいじゃありません |
saiwai de wa arimasen saiwai ja arimasen | |
Formal past | さいわいでした | saiwai deshita | |
Formal negative past | さいわいではありませんでした さいわいじゃありませんでした |
saiwai de wa arimasen deshita saiwai ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | さいわいで | saiwai de | |
Conditional | さいわいなら(ば) | saiwai nara (ba) | |
Provisional | さいわいだったら | saiwai dattara | |
Volitional | さいわいだろう | saiwai darō | |
Adverbial | さいわいに | saiwai ni | |
Degree | さいわいさ | saiwaisa |
Adverb
[edit]- fortunately, luckily, happily
幸 、怪我 はなかった。- Saiwai, kega wa nakatta.
- Luckily, no one was hurt.
Usage notes
[edit]When used as an adverb without a particle, this term usually comes at the start of the sentence. It also appears used with advervial particles に (ni) and と (to), or, perhaps more commonly, in an adverbial construction as
Noun
[edit]- very good fortune and happiness, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
- an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
- (derivation unknown) the tail and back fins of a carp or other fish, as used in cooking
Synonyms
[edit]- (favorable occurrence):
幸 せ (shiawase) - (happiness):
幸 せ (shiawase),幸福 (kōfuku) - (fish tail and back fins):
尾 鰭 (ohire)
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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さきわい Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/
The
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above.
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
さき Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.[2] Possibly cognate with
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (obsolete) good luck, good fortune; happiness
-
大夫 能 許 己 呂 於毛保 由 於保伎美能 美 許 登 佐吉 乎 聞者多 布 刀 美 大夫 の心 思 ほゆ大君 の御言 の幸 を聞 けば貴 み- ますらをの こころおもほゆ おほきみの みことのさきを きけばたふとみ
- Masurawo no | kokoro omohoyu | Ohokimi no | mikoto no saki wo | kikeba tafutomi
- “Such manliness of spirit is brought to mind. How noble to hear of the happiness / good fortune of the words of the emperor...”
-
Usage notes
[edit]The good fortune and happiness senses are generally considered as overlapping.
Saki in this sense appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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さちわい Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
/sat͡ɕipapi/ → /sat͡ɕiɸaɸi/ → /sat͡ɕiwahi/ → /sat͡ɕiwai/
The
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (obsolete, rare) an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
- (obsolete, rare) good luck or good fortune itself
Usage notes
[edit]Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above. In historical Japanese, sachiwai appears to be a rarer variant of sakiwai above.
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
さち Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.[2] Possibly cognate with Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”). Possibly also related with saki above.
The kanji may have originally been applied to this word for the source Chinese term's associations with good fortune.
This is the standalone form of satsu below.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective ( |
さちだろ | sachi daro | |
Continuative ( |
さちで | sachi de | |
Terminal ( |
さちだ | sachi da | |
Attributive ( |
さちな | sachi na | |
Hypothetical ( |
さちなら | sachi nara | |
Imperative ( |
さちであれ | sachi de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | さちではない さちじゃない |
sachi de wa nai sachi ja nai | |
Informal past | さちだった | sachi datta | |
Informal negative past | さちではなかった さちじゃなかった |
sachi de wa nakatta sachi ja nakatta | |
Formal | さちです | sachi desu | |
Formal negative | さちではありません さちじゃありません |
sachi de wa arimasen sachi ja arimasen | |
Formal past | さちでした | sachi deshita | |
Formal negative past | さちではありませんでした さちじゃありませんでした |
sachi de wa arimasen deshita sachi ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | さちで | sachi de | |
Conditional | さちなら(ば) | sachi nara (ba) | |
Provisional | さちだったら | sachi dattara | |
Volitional | さちだろう | sachi darō | |
Adverbial | さちに | sachi ni | |
Degree | さちさ | sachisa |
Noun
[edit]- (archaic) a hunting implement; the spirit of a hunting implement
- a bounteous catch (for fishing), amply caught game (for hunting); food (specifically animal protein caught in the wild: fish or game)
- good fortune, good luck; happiness
Derived terms
[edit]幸 あれ (sachiare)
Etymology 8
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
さつ Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.[2] Possibly cognate with Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”). Possibly also related with saki above.
The kanji may have originally been applied to this word for the source Chinese term's associations with good fortune.
This is the bound form of sachi above. This form is only ever used in compounds. Possibly the original form.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]- (obsolete) hunting, for hunting
幸 矢 、幸 弓 、幸 人 - satsuya, satsuyumi, satsuhito
- a hunting arrow, a hunting bow, a hunter
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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