丘おか

See also: 丠, 坵, and 兵へい

丘おか U+4E18, 丘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E18 ← 丗 [U+4E17] CJK Unified Ideographs 丙へい → [U+4E19]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丘おか (Kangxi radical 1, 一いち+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人ひと一いち (OM), four-corner 7210₁, composition ⿱斤きん一いち)

1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №293

Derived characters

• 𠰋, 坵, 㚱, 岴, 拞, 㳋, 𬮾, 𪯫, 𪲀, 𣧭, 𥙂, 𪽽, 𥅔, 䂡, 𥿤, 𮎈, 蚯, 𡲌, 𧣜, 𧦺, 𧲰, 𧻁, 䟬, 𨈬, 𫒒, 𬰘, 𩚨, 駈か, 𩨼, 𪖛
• 𪟘, 邱, 𣢥, 屔, 𫠴, 𮨆, 𣉠, 𫘶, 𩿨, 𠇯, 𡘄, 𡶦, 𢇹, 茊, 𤵢, 𠤢, 𡙅, 𥬨, 𧟬, 虗, 𩬡, 𦦛, 乒, 乓, 兵へい, 𠔊, 𡊣, 岳たけ, 𠬿, 𨚬

Further reading

Wikisource

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33
• Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 17, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4E18

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丘おか
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j19598 j19599 j19600 j19601 j19602 j19603 j19604 j19605 j19606 j19607 j19608 j19609 j19610 j19611 j19612 j19613 j19614 j19615 j19616 j19618 j19619 j19620 j19621 j19622 j19623 Bronze inscriptions b12629 b12630 b12631 b12632 b12633 Small seal script s05951 s05952 Transcribed ancient scripts L11667 L11668 L11669 L11670 L11671 L11672 L11673 L11674 L11675 L11676 L11677 L11678 L11679 L11680 L11665 L11666
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丘おか) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丘おか	*kʰʷɯ
邱	*kʰʷɯ
蚯	*kʰʷɯ
丠	*kʰʷɯ

Ideogram (指事しじ) – hill. Earlier form closer to 丠, as in 虛きょ (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). Compare 山やま.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		丘おか
alternative forms		丠 㐀 𡊣 㘳 坵 丠 㐀 𡊣 㘳 坵 𠀈 𠀉 𠀌

Wang (1982) relates this word to 墟 (xū) "ruin-mound". However, Schuessler (2007) disagrees.

Schuessler considers two homophones 丘おか, "hill, mound" and 丘おか "village, district" to be the same word as settlements were often built on elevated grounds (for a parallel see 京きょう (jīng)) and traces this word's etymology to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”); within Sinitic, 丘おか (OC *kʰʷɯ) is cognate with 里さと (OC *rɯʔ) "village" and 街まち (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), and Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiū (qiu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiu¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): qiu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hiû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hiu¹

• Northern Min (KCR): kiú
• Eastern Min (BUC): kŭ / kiŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khu / khiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ku¹ / kiu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹chieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiu¹
    • Yale: chyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
    • Palladius: цю (cju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau¹
    • Yale: yāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hiu⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiu⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kŭ / kiŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵/, /kʰieu⁵⁵/

Note:

• kŭ - vernacular;
• kiŭ - literary (incl. surname).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu / khiu
    • Tâi-lô: khu / khiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qw, qiw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu³³/, /kʰiu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/

Note:

• khu - vernacular (incl. surname);
• khiu - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ku¹ / kiu¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu / khiu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³³/, /kʰiu³³/

Note:

• ku1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
• kiu1 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹chieu
    • MiniDict: chieu^平ひらた
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khjuw

Rime
Character	丘おか
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	溪けい (29)
Final (韻いん)	尤ゆう (136)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	去さ鳩ばと切きり
Baxter	khjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuw/
Li Rong	/kʰiu/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丘おか
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰə/
English	hill, mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丘おか
Reading #	1/1
No.	10523
Phonetic component	丘おか
Rime group	之これ
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	丘おか
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷɯ/

Definitions

丘おか

1. mound; hill

   山やま丘おか  ―  shānqiū  ―  hill

   沙すな丘おか  ―  shāqiū  ―  dune

2. grave
3. to place a coffin in a temporary shelter pending burial
4. (dialectal) Classifier for fields: plot
5. (obsolete) ruins
6. (obsolete) empty
7. a surname

   丘おか成なり桐きり [Cantonese]  ―  jau¹ sing⁴ tung⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  Shing-Tung Yau (mathematician)

Usage notes

See 邱 (qiū).

See also

• (hills): 山やま (shān)

Compounds

• 一いち丘おか一いち壑
• 一いち丘おか之の貉むじな (yīqiūzhīhé)
• 下した視し丘おか／下しも视丘 (xiàshìqiū)
• 丘おか中有ちゅうう麻あさ
• 丘おか井い
• 丘おか八はち (qiūbā)
• 丘おか園えん／丘おか园
• 丘おか堡 (qiūbǎo)
• 丘おか墓ぼ
• 丘おか墳ふん／丘おか坟
• 丘おか墟 (qiūxū)
• 丘おか壑 (qiūhè)
• 丘おか壟／丘おか垄
• 丘おか嫂あによめ
• 丘山おかやま
• 丘おか木き
• 丘おか林りん (Qiūlín)
• 丘おか疹 (qiūzhěn)
• 丘おか腦のう／丘おか脑 (qiūnǎo)
• 丘陵きゅうりょう (qiūlíng)
• 丘おか隴／丘おか陇
• 丹たん丘たかし
• 九きゅう丘おか
• 五ご比丘びく
• 介かい丘おか
• 八はち索さく九きゅう丘おか
• 員いん丘山おかやま／员丘山やま
• 商しょう丘おか (Shāngqiū)
• 圓まどか丘たかし／圆丘
• 圜丘
• 土ど丘おか (tǔqiū)
• 太ふとし丘おか道廣みちひろ／太ふとし丘おか道どう广
• 如丘而止
• 宛あて丘おか
• 宗廟そうびょう丘おか墟／宗そう庙丘墟
• 寢ね丘おか之の志こころざし／寝ね丘おか之の志こころざし
• 山やま丘おか (shānqiū)
• 島しま狀じょう丘陵きゅうりょう／岛状丘陵きゅうりょう
• 左ひだり丘たかし (Zuǒqiū)
• 巴ともえ丘たかし
• 恥はじ丘おか／耻丘
• 恩おん重じゅう丘山おかやま
• 放ひ情じょう丘おか壑
• 旄丘
• 曹丘
• 松丘まつおか
• 梧丘之の魂たましい
• 比丘びく (bǐqiū)
• 比丘尼びくに (bǐqiūní)
• 沙すな丘おか (shāqiū)
• 泌丘
• 溪けい丘おか灣わん／溪けい丘おか湾わん (Xīqiūwān)
• 炎ほのお丘おか
• 狐きつね丘おか之の誡／狐きつね丘おか之の诫
• 狐きつね死し首くび丘おか
• 畝うね丘おか／亩丘
• 皖南丘陵きゅうりょう
• 皮かわ諾だく丘おか／皮かわ诺丘
• 砂丘さきゅう
• 視み丘おか／视丘
• 穹丘 (qióngqiū)
• 糟かす丘おか
• 胸むね有ゆう丘おか壑
• 膠にかわ東ひがし丘陵きゅうりょう／胶东丘陵きゅうりょう
• 華はな屋や丘おか墟／华屋丘おか墟
• 華はな屋山ややま丘おか／华屋山ややま丘おか
• 虎とら丘おか
• 融とおる丘おか
• 資し丘おか／资丘 (Zīqiū)
• 赫丘利り斯
• 陵りょう丘おか
• 零落れいらく山さん丘おか
• 青あお丘たかし (Qīngqiū)
• 首くび丘おか
• 首くび丘おか之の念ねん
• 首くび丘おか之の思おもえ
• 首くび丘おか之の情じょう
• 首くび丘おか之の望もち
• 首くび丘おか夙願／首くび丘おか夙愿
• 麥むぎ丘おか老人ろうじん／麦むぎ丘おか老人ろうじん
• 黎はじむ丘おか丈人たけと
• 鼻はな丘おか

 

Pronunciation 2

Since Song dynasty, this character may be read as 某ぼう (mǒu) to prevent mentioning name of Confucius.

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǒu (mou³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄡˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǒu
    • Wade–Giles: mou³
    • Yale: mǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moou
    • Palladius: моу (mou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʊ̯²¹⁴/

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘おか – see 兵へい (“weapon; army; troops; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 兵へい).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘おか – see 蚯 (“earthworm”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚯).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

丘おか

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: おか (oka, 丘おか, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 丘おか(きゅう)上うえ(じょう) (kyūjō)
• 丘おか(きゅう)疹(しん) (kyūshin)
• 丘おか(おか)辺あたり(べ) (okabe)
• 丘おか(きゅう)陵りょう(りょう) (kyūryō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
丘おか
おか Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘おか – see the following entry.

【おか】 [noun] hill [proper noun] a surname Alternative spelling 岡おか

(This term, 丘おか, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Alternative forms

• 㐀

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 丘おか (MC khjuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu) (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

丘おか (eumhun 언덕 구 (eondeok gu))

1. hanja form^? of 구 (“small hill”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 구강 (丘おか岡おか, gugang)
• 구롱 (丘おか壟, gurong)
• 구릉 (丘陵きゅうりょう, gureung)
• 구목 (丘おか木き, gumok)
• 구묘 (丘おか墓ぼ, gumyo)
• 구민 (丘おか民みん, gumin)
• 구부 (丘おか阜, gubu)
• 구분 (丘おか墳ふん, gubun)
• 구사 (丘おか史ふみ, gusa)
• 구산 (丘山おかやま, gusan)
• 구수 (丘おか嫂あによめ, gusu)
• 구수 (丘おか首くび, gusu)
• 구언 (丘おか言げん, gueon)
• 구우 (丘おか隅すみ, guu)
• 구원 (丘おか園えん, guwon)
• 구정 (丘おか亭てい, gujeong)
• 구진 (丘おか疹, gujin)
• 구질 (丘おか垤ありづか, gujil)
• 구총 (丘おか冢, guchong)
• 구판 (丘おか坂ざか, gupan)
• 구학 (丘おか壑, guhak)
• 구허 (丘おか墟, guheo)
• 고구 (古こ丘おか, gogu)
• 고구 (故こ丘おか, gogu)
• 고구 (高こう丘たかし, gogu)
• 공구 (孔あな丘おか, Gonggu)
• 능구 (陵りょう丘おか, neunggu)
• 단구 (丹たん丘たかし, dan'gu)
• 비구 (比丘びく, bigu)
• 사구 (沙すな丘おか, sagu)
• 상구 (上丘かみおか, sanggu)
• 소구 (小しょう丘おか, sogu)
• 아구 (阿おもね丘おか, agu)
• 연구/련구 (連れん丘おか, yeon'gu/ryeon'gu)
• 원구 (圜丘/圓まどか丘たかし, won'gu)
• 이구/니구 (泥どろ丘おか, igu/nigu)
• 잔구 (殘ざん丘おか, jan'gu)
• 잠구 (潛せん丘おか, jamgu)
• 청구 (靑あお丘たかし, cheonggu)
• 치구 (恥はじ丘おか, chigu)
• 파구 (波なみ丘おか, pagu)
• 하구 (下しも丘おか, hagu)
• 해구 (海うみ丘おか, haegu)
• 화구 (火ひ丘おか, hwagu)
• 비구니 (比丘尼びくに, biguni)
• 수정구 (受精じゅせい丘おか, sujeonggu)
• 구리지언 (丘里おかざと之の言げん, gurijieon)
• 일구지학 (一いち丘おか之の貉むじな, ilgujihak)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [1]

Kunigami

Kanji

丘おか

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Kun: ふぁーい (fāi, 丘おか)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 丘おか(おか) (oka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸaːi/

Noun

丘おか(ふぁーい) (fāi) 

1. hill

Vietnamese

Han character

丘おか: Hán Việt readings: khiêu, khâu, khưu
丘おか: Nôm readings: khâu, kheo, khưu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation