鳩
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See also: 鸠
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1481, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46648
- Dae Jaweon: page 2013, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4613, character 13
- Unihan data for U+9CE9
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | ||
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鸠 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(r)əw (“dove, pigeon”) (Benedict, 1974; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Compare Tibetan འང་གུ ('ang gu, “pigeon”), Proto-Loloish *m-krəw², Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:), Proto-Kuki-Chin *khruu.
In some southern Chinese dialects,
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu1
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jiou1
- Northern Min (KCR): kiú
- Eastern Min (BUC): kiŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1cieu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiou
- Wade–Giles: chiu1
- Yale: jyōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiou
- Palladius: цзю (czju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1 / gau1
- Yale: kāu / gāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1 / gau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1 / geo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- kau1 - common for non-vulgar senses;
- gau1 - common for vulgar senses.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: geu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /keu³³/
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiêu
- Hakka Romanization System: gieu´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gieu1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jiou1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiú
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kiŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰieu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiu
- Tâi-lô: kiu
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiw
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiu
- Tâi-lô: khiu
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiw
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiu1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)u/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ku/
Definitions
[edit]- pigeon; dove (family Columbidae)
- 維
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wéi què yǒu cháo, wéi jiū jū zhī. Zhīzǐ yú guī, bǎi liàng yù zhī. [Pinyin]
- The nest is the magpie's; the dove dwells in it. This young lady is going to her future home; a hundred carriages are meeting her.
鵲 有 巢 ，維鳩 居 之 。之子 于歸 ，百 兩 御 之 。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
维鹊有 巢 ，维鸠居 之 。之子 于归，百 两御 之 。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to gather; to assemble
- (Cantonese, Pingnan Min, vulgar) penis (sometimes especially erect) (Classifier: 轆／辘 c;
條 ／条 c) - (Cantonese, vulgar) fucking (intensifier)
- (Cantonese, vulgar) Negates the meaning of the sentence.
- (Cantonese, vulgar) stupid; dumb
- (Cantonese, vulgar) recklessly
- (Cantonese, vulgar) unseriously
- (Cantonese, vulgar) without aim or plan
- (Cantonese, vulgar) thoughtlessly
- (Cantonese, vulgar) unreasonably; lacking in reason
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]尸 鳩 之 仁 (shījiū zhī rén)尸 鳩 之 平 (shījiū zhī píng)山鳩 ／山 鸠- 戇鳩／戆鸠
- 戇鳩
鳩 ／戆鸠鸠 斑 頸鳩／斑 颈鸠斑鳩 ／斑 鸠 (bānjiū, “turtledove”)斑鳩 跌彈／斑 鸠跌弹森 鳩 ／森 鸠班 鳩 跌彈／班 鸠跌弹關 ……鳩 事 ／关……鸠事雎鳩 ／雎鸠 (jūjiū)雉鳩 ／雉鸠 (zhìjiū)鳩 佔鵲巢 ／鸠占鹊巢 (jiūzhànquècháo)鳩 僭鵲巢 ／鸠僭鹊巢 (jiūjiànquècháo)鳩 占 鵲 巢 ／鸠占鹊巢 (jiūzhànquècháo)鳩合 ／鸠合 (jiūhé)鳩 嗚／鸠呜鳩 噏／鸠噏鳩 奪 鵲 巢 ／鸠夺鹊巢 (jiūduóquècháo)鳩 居 ／鸠居鳩 居 鵲 巢 ／鸠居鹊巢 (jiūjūquècháo)鳩 屎／鸠屎鳩 工 ／鸠工鳩 工 庀材／鸠工庀材鳩 形 鵠 面 ／鸠形鹄面鳩 拙 ／鸠拙 (jiūzhuó)鳩 斂／鸠敛鳩杖 ／鸠杖鳩 槃荼／鸠槃荼 (jiūpántú)鳩 率 ／鸠率鳩 集 ／鸠集 (jiūjí)鳴 鳩 ／鸣鸠 (míngjiū)- 鳲鳩／鸤鸠 (shījiū)
鵠 面 鳩 形 ／鹄面鸠形鵲 巢 鳩 占 ／鹊巢鸠占 (quècháojiūzhàn)鵲 笑 鳩 舞 ／鹊笑鸠舞- 鶻鳩／鹘鸠 (gǔjiū)
鷽 鳩 笑 鵬 ／鸴鸠笑 鹏 (xuéjiūxiàopéng)
Descendants
[edit]- →? Proto-Hmong: *ɴquᴬ (“pigeon”)
References
[edit]- “
鳩 ”, in漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)←きう (kiu, historical)
- Kun: はと (hato,
鳩 ); あつめる (atsumeru,鳩 める) - Nanori: やす (yasu)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
.jpg)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| はと Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
⟨pato1⟩ → */patʷo/ → /ɸato/ → /hato/
From Old Japanese, appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *pato.
Possibly ultimately from はたはた (hatahata), an onomatopoeia for the sound of a dove or pigeon's wings in flight.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]
Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ハト.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
鳩 車 (hatoguruma, “pigeon cart”)鳩 小 屋 (hatogoya, “dovecote”)鳩 根 性 (hato konjō): “pigeon-spirited” → appearing composed while harboring resentment- はと
座 (Hato-za): the Dove or Columba constellation 鳩 酒 (hatozake): an old kind of medicine, wherein a pigeon would be tenderized and the bones broken, then the whole carcass would be covered in sake and miso and stewed, purportedly used to treat back pain and poor circulation in the extremities鳩 染 め (hatozome): “pigeon dyeing” → dyeing, or something dyed, in the colors of the turtledove or Japanese green pigeon鳩 派 (hatoha): (politics) the doves (proponents of peace; as opposed to the hawks, proponents of war)鳩 羽 色 (hatobairo, “pigeon-wing color → a dark blue-gray”)鳩 笛 (hatobue, “pigeon flute”)鳩 吹く (hatofuku, “to make a dove call”, such as by blowing a kind of whistle formed by one's cupped hands)鳩 麦 (hatomugi, “pigeon barley → Job's tears, tear grass”)鳩 胸 (hatomune)
Idioms
[edit]鳩 が豆 鉄 砲 を食 ったよう (hato ga mameteppō o kutta yō, “like a pigeon that ate a peashooter → dumbfounded, taken by surprise”)
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| きゅう Jinmeiyō |
| kan'on |
/kiu/ → /kʲuː/
From Middle Chinese
Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988)
国語 大 辞典 （新装 版 ） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN - ^ “ハト・
鳩 ”, in日本 辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2007–2017. - ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),
大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN - ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK
日本語 発音 アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN - ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997),
新 明解 国語 辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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