辜

辜 U+8F9C, 辜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9C ← 辛からし [U+8F9B] CJK Unified Ideographs 辝 → [U+8F9D]

Translingual

Han character

辜 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛からし+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十じゅう口くち卜ぼく廿にじゅう十じゅう (JRYTJ), four-corner 4040₁, composition ⿱古ふる辛からし)

Derived characters

• 嫴 橭 䐻 𠽿 𢡇 𥢍 𧬕 𨬟/𨬕 𨑀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38636
• Dae Jaweon: page 1730, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 7
• Unihan data for U+8F9C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		辜
alternative forms		𡱨 𡲞 𢩍 𢻄 𧬕 𡱨 𡲞 𢩍 𢻄 𧬕 𨑀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 辜
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (古ふる) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個こ	*kaːls
居きょ	*kɯ, *kas
橭	*kaː, *kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑しゅうと	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	*kaː, *kaːʔ
古ふる	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故こ	*kaːs
固かた	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼しこり	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦く	*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫にんにく	*qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖みずうみ	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊のり	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡えびす	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据すえ	*ka
裾すそ	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	*ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	*ka, *ɡa
鋸のこ	*kas
倨	*kas
踞うずくま	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kaː) : phonetic 古ふる (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic 辛からし.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gū (gu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kû
• Northern Min (KCR): gú
• Eastern Min (BUC): gŭ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gu¹ / gou¹

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ku / ¹kou

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gū
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gu
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹
    • Yale: gū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
    • Palladius: гу (gu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gu¹
    • Yale: gū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû
    • Hakka Romanization System: gu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔu⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: koo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kof
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gu¹ / gou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ku / kou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³³/, /kou³³/

Note:

• gu1 - literary;
• gou1 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ku
    • MiniDict: ku^平ひらた
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ku
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku⁵³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹kou
    • MiniDict: kou^平ひらた
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kəu⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: ku

Rime
Character	辜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	見み (28)
Final (韻いん)	模も (23)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	古ふる胡えびす切きり
Baxter	ku
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/
Li Rong	/ko/
Wang Li	/ku/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	辜
Reading #	1/1
No.	4213
Phonetic component	古ふる
Rime group	魚さかな
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孤こ
Old Chinese	/*kaː/

Definitions

辜

1. crime; wrong; sin
2. to let down
3. a surname

   辜振ふ甫はじめ  ―  Gū Zhènfǔ  ―  Koo Chen-fu (Taiwanese businessman)

Compounds

• 不ふ辜 (bùgū)
• 保ほ辜限
• 戕害不ふ辜 (qiānghàibùgū)
• 死し有餘ゆうよ辜／死し有余ゆうよ辜 (sǐyǒuyúgū)
• 無辜むこ／无辜 (wúgū)
• 辜人
• 辜恩背せ義よし／辜恩背せ义
• 辜恩負ふ義よし／辜恩负义
• 辜榷
• 辜汪會談かいだん／辜汪会かい谈
• 辜負／辜负 (gūfù)

 

References

• “辜”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

辜

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: つみ (tsumi, 辜)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 辜 (MC ku).

Hanja

辜 (eumhun 허물 고 (heomul go))

1. hanja form^? of 고 (“crime; wrong; sin”)

Compounds

• 무고 (無辜むこ, mugo, “innocence”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

辜: Hán Nôm readings: cô

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.