念ねん

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See also: 唸うな
念ねん U+5FF5, 念
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FF5
← 忴
[U+5FF4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忶 →
[U+5FF6]
念 U+F9A3, 念
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A3
← 廉
[U+F9A2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 捻 →
[U+F9A4]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

念ねん (Kangxi radical 61, 心しん+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人ひと戈ほこ弓ゆみ心こころ (OINP), four-corner 80332, composition ⿱今いま心しん)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2274, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5FF5

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 念ねん
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (今いま) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪むさぼ *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟つぼみ *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念ねん *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今いま *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿えり *krɯm
衾ふすま *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴きん *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒とりこ *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟ぎん *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰かげ *qrɯm
霠
飲いん *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭かげ *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *nɯːms) : phonetic 今いま (OC *krɯm) + semantic 心しん (“heart”).

Alternatively: Ideogrammic compound (會意かいい／会意かいい) : 今いま + 心しん (see: 張ちょう富海とどみ：《利用りよう諧聲かいせい構擬上じょう古音こおん應おう該註意い的てき幾いく個こ問題もんだい》，《出土しゅつど文獻ぶんけん》，2021年ねん第だい1期き，頁ぺーじ134。)

Etymology[edit]

trad. 念ねん
simp. # 念ねん
alternative forms 𫝹

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ (nyam), ཉམས (nyams, “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ (snyam, “to think, to feel”) (Quan, 1996). Related to 恁 (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).

Schuessler (2007) notes it may be an area word; compare Khmer ចំណាំ (cɑmnam, “memory; recollection”), Proto-Austronesian *nemnem (“to think”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • niam6 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
  • liam6 - Chaozhou;
  • niang6 - Chenghai.
Rime
Character 念ねん
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 泥どろ (8)
Final (韻いん) 添 (157)
Tone (調しらべ) Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) IV
Fanqie 奴やつ店みせ切きり
Baxter nemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nemH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nemH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nɛmH/
Li
Rong 		/nemH/
Wang
Li 		/niemH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/niemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		niàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		nim6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 念ねん
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		niàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nemH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁim-s/
English think of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 念ねん
Reading # 1/1
No. 6588
Phonetic
component 		今いま
Rime
group 		侵おかせ
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		念ねん
Old
Chinese 		/*nɯːms/
Notes 或ある以心しん含會かい意い

Definitions[edit]

念ねん

  1. to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall
  2. to consider; to contemplate
  3. Alternative form of 廿にじゅう (niàn, “twenty”)
  4. to worry; to be anxious about
  5. to feel compassion for; to pity
  6. to show tender affection for
  7. to commemorate; to memorialise; to pay tribute to
  8. idea; thought
  9. to nag
  10. (Buddhism) memory
  11. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to miss):
  • (to consider):
  • (idea):

Pronunciation 2[edit]

trad. 念ねん/唸うな
simp. 念ねん

Note:
  • niam7 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping;
  • liam7 - Chaozhou;
  • niang7 - Chenghai.

Definitions[edit]

念ねん

  1. to read aloud; to chant; to recite
    • 2022 October 16, “69歲さい習近平ひら20大だい政治せいじ報告ほうこく 未讀みどく全文ぜんぶん省略しょうりゃく1小しょう時じ”, in Central News Agency‎[1], archived from the original on 16 October 2022‎[2]:
      除じょ了りょう報告ほうこく內容外がい，今年ことし外界がいかい關せき注ちゅう，已やめ69歲さい的てき習近平ひら是ぜ否ひ會かい比ひ照あきら5年ねん前まえ的てき19大だい朗讀ろうどく報告ほうこく全文ぜんぶん。19大だい的てき政治せいじ報告ほうこく總そう共とも3萬まん2000多た字じ，當時とうじ習近平ひら以近3個こ小しょう時じ唸うな完全かんぜん文ぶん。
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. to study (at a school); to learn
  3. (Taiwan) to nag

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

念ねん

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Noun[edit]

念ねん(ねん) • (nen) 

  1. sense
  2. feeling

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

念ねん (eumhun 생각 념 (saenggak nyeom), word-initial (South Korea) 생각 염 (saenggak yeom))

  1. Hanja form? of 념/염 (“thought”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

念ねん: Hán Nôm readings: niệm, niềm, núm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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