矜

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
矜 U+77DC, 矜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77DC
← 矛ほこ
[U+77DB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矝 →
[U+77DD]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

矜 (Kangxi radical 110, 矛ほこ+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓ゆみ竹ちく人じん戈ほこ弓ゆみ (NHOIN), four-corner 18227, composition ⿰矛ほこ今いま)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 822, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23852
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1233, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2764, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+77DC

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 矜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (今いま) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪むさぼ *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟つぼみ *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念ねん *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今いま *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿えり *krɯm
衾ふすま *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴きん *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒とりこ *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟ぎん *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰かげ *qrɯm
霠
飲いん *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭かげ *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Corrupted from 矝, which is a Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ) : semantic 矛ほこ (“spear”) + phonetic 令れい (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Modern Mandarin pronunciation follows the corrupted phonetic part 今いま (jīn).

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 矜
simp. # 矜

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 矜
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲こえ) 見み (28)
Final (韻いん) 蒸ふけ (133)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open
Division (等ひとし) III
Fanqie 居きょ陵りょう切きり
Baxter king
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ging1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矜 矜
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jīn jīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ king › ‹ king ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k-riŋ/ (dialect: *k-r- > k-, *-iŋ > MC -ing) /*k-riŋ/
English pity (v.) boastful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矜
Reading # 3/3
No. 6631
Phonetic
component 		今いま
Rime
group 		蒸ふけ
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		兢
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

矜

  1. to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
trad. 矜
simp. # 矜
alternative forms 𥎊

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 矜 矜
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲こえ) 群ぐん (30) 群ぐん (30)
Final (韻いん) 眞しん (44) 欣 (57)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Open Open
Division (等ひとし) III III
Fanqie 巨きょ巾はば切きり 巨きょ斤きん切きり
Baxter gin gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiɪn/ /ɡɨn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚin/ /ɡɨn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡien/ /ɡiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gjin/ /gɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjĕn/ /ɡiən/
Wang
Li 		/ɡǐĕn/ /ɡĭən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ĕn/ /gi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kan4 kan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矜
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡriŋ/
English kind of lance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矜 矜
Reading # 1/3 2/3
No. 6629 6630
Phonetic
component 		今いま 今いま
Rime
group 		文ぶん 文ぶん
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		𥎊 勤つとむ
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrɯn/ /*ɡɯn/
Notes 𥎊下した注ちゅう古ふる體からだ 𥎊下した注ちゅう古ふる體からだ

Definitions

[edit]

矜

  1. † handle of a spear

Etymology 3

[edit]
trad. 矜
simp. # 矜

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

矜

  1. † Alternative form of 鰥／鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”)
  2. † Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”)

Compounds

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
矜

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. pride
  2. respect

Readings

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun)

  1. pity
  2. feel sorry for
  3. show sympathy for
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=矜&oldid=78655950"