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U+9ED4, 黔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED4

[U+9ED3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9ED5]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 203, くろ+4, 16 strokes, cangjie input じんほこゆみ (WFOIN), four-corner 68327, composition くろいま)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48056
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2052, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4744, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+9ED4

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい形声けいせい, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm) : semantic くろ (black) + phonetic いま (OC *krɯm)

Etymology

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Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (black) (Schuessler, 2007). See also and こん.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • khiâm - literary;
  • khâm - vernacular.
Note:
  • kim5/ngim5 - literary (ngim5 - alternative pronunciation);
  • kam5 - vernacular.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (こえ) ぐん (30) ぐん (30)
    Final (いん) おかせ (140) しお (154)
    Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
    Openness (ひらきあい) Open Open
    Division (ひとし) III III
    Fanqie きょきむきり きょきり
    Baxter gim gjem
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɡˠiɪm/ /ɡˠiᴇm/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɡᵚim/ /ɡᵚiɛm/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɡiem/ /ɡiæm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /gjim/ /gjiam/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɡjəm/ /ɡjɛm/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɡĭĕm/ /ɡĭɛm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /gi̯əm/ /gi̯ɛm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    qín qián
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    kam4 kim4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    qián
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ gjem ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɡ](r)[o]m/
    English black

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 6580 6606
    Phonetic
    component
    いま いま
    Rime
    group
    だん おかせ
    Rime
    subdivision
    1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    きん
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡram/ /*ɡrɯm/

    Definitions

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    1. (literary) black
    2. (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke
    3. (しゅう) Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou.
    4. Short for しゅう贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”).
    5. a surname

    Synonyms

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    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Hyōgai kanji)

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    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (geom, geum) (hangeul , , revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: kiềm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.