紺こん

See also: 绀

紺こん U+7D3A, 紺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D3A ← 紹 [U+7D39] CJK Unified Ideographs 紻 → [U+7D3B]

Translingual

Han character

紺こん (Kangxi radical 120, 糸いと+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 女おんな火ひ廿にじゅう一いち (VFTM), four-corner 2497₀, composition ⿰糹甘あま)

1. dark blue or reddish color

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 920, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27362
• Dae Jaweon: page 1352, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3378, character 12
• Unihan data for U+7D3A

Chinese

trad.		紺こん
simp.		绀

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 紺こん
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甘あま) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紺こん	*kɯːms
姏	*mɡaːm
嵌はま	*sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm
甘あま	*kaːm
柑	*kaːm
苷	*kaːm
泔	*kaːm
坩	*kaːm, *kʰaːm
蚶	*ɢaːm, *ɢaːm
酣たけなわ	*ɢaːm
甝	*ɢaːm
魽	*ɢaːm
邯	*ɡaːm, *ɡaːm
鉗	*ɡram
箝	*ɡram
黚	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
拑	*ɡram

Phono-semantic compound (形聲けいせい／形声けいせい, OC *kɯːms) : semantic 糸いと (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 甘あま (OC *kaːm).

Etymology 1

An areal word. Compare Proto-Tai *klamᴮ (“dark (red)”) (whence Thai คล้ำ (klám, “dark”)), Proto-Austronesian *kelam (“dark”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 黔 and 黮.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàn (gan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gam¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵koe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàn
    • Wade–Giles: kan⁴
    • Yale: gàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gam³
    • Yale: gam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
    • Tâi-lô: kàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kam
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kam³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵koe
    • MiniDict: koe^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²koe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: komH

Rime
Character	紺こん
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	見み (28)
Final (韻いん)	覃 (159)
Tone (調しらべ)	Departing (H)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Open
Division (等ひとし)	I
Fanqie	古ふる暗くら切きり
Baxter	komH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kəmH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəmH/
Li Rong	/kᴀmH/
Wang Li	/kɒmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紺こん
Reading #	1/1
No.	3649
Phonetic component	甘あま
Rime group	侵おかせ
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	紺こん
Old Chinese	/*kɯːms/

Definitions

紺こん

1. purple; violet; blackish red

Compounds

• 發はつ紺こん／发绀 (fāgàn)
• 紺こん坊ぼう／绀坊
• 紺こん宇／绀宇
• 紺こん殿どの／绀殿
• 紺こん珠たま／绀珠
• 紺こん紫むらさき／绀紫
• 紺青こんじょう／绀青

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 紺こん (kon), from Middle Chinese 紺こん (kʌm^H), see previous etymology for detail.

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khóng

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng
    • Tâi-lô: khóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qorng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/

Definitions

紺こん

1. (Taiwanese Hokkien) navy blue; dark blue

Synonyms

• 紺色こんいろ／绀色

References

• “紺こん”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

紺こん

(Jōyō kanji)

1. navy blue

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
紺こん
こん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こん [kóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

Noun

紺こん(こん) • (kon) 

1. navy blue, dark blue

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 紺こん (MC komH). Recorded as Middle Korean 감〯 (kǎm) (Yale: kǎm) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙くんもう字じ會かい / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠m]
• Phonetic hangul: [감]

Hanja

Wikisource

紺こん (eumhun 감색 감 (gamsaek gam))

1. hanja form^? of 감 (“navy blue; dark blue”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 감색 (紺色こんいろ, gamsaek)
• 감벽 (紺碧こんぺき, gambyeok)
• 감청 (紺靑こんじょう, gamcheong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際こくさい退すさ溪けい學會がっかい 大邱たいきゅう慶けい北きた支部しぶ) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子でんし字典じてん. [2]

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

紺こん: Hán Nôm readings: cám, tim, tím

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