凡
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]凡 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input
Derived characters
[edit]- 𠆩, 𪞖, 㕨, 𪢵, 𫰉, 𭒺,
帆 , 𫶿, 忛,汎 , 䏎, 杋, 𬂢, 𤆘, 𤖫, 𤜦, 㺬, 𤬨, 𡴉, 𥃵, 矾, 𬗄, 舤, 舧, 䖠, 訉, 𨈔, 軓, 𨟱, 釩(钒), 𨥵, 𠙜, 𩖛, 𩚑, 䭵, 𣔗, 𢔫, 骪, 𠔮, 𠥷, 𬹐, 𣋰, 𨙮, 𩾨 - 𪜠, 㞩, 竼, 芃, 𠘻, 𭴄, 𭃓, 𠫨, 梵, 𤈺, 𫷵, 𪎒, 𩬰, 䴟, 𠙩, 𠙮, 𠙱, 𮚝
風 ,鳳 (originally contain 凡)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1739
- Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 276, character 3
- Unihan data for U+51E1
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 凡 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (
Borrowed for abstract meanings. Another character
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
凡 |
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According to Schuessler (2007), Sino-Tibetan in origin; compare Mizo pum (“whole; all”), Burmese ဘုံ (bhum, “common, public, communal”). Cognate with
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faan4
- Gan (Wiktionary): fan4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): fan1
- Eastern Min (BUC): huàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ve
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fán
- Wade–Giles: fan2
- Yale: fán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
- Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: faan4
- Yale: fàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: faan4
- Guangdong Romanization: fan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /faːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /fan³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fàm
- Hakka Romanization System: famˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fam2
- Sinological IPA: /fam¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: fan1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
- Tâi-lô: hâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: haam
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
- Tâi-lô: huān
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang5 / huam5 / huang6 / huam6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huâm / huăng / huăm
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /huam⁵⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/
- huang5/huam5 - "ordinary" (huang5 - Shantou, huam5 - Chaozhou);
- huang6/huam6 - “outline, every, altogether, surname” (huang6 - Shantou, huam6 - Chaozhou).
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 凡 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /fan³⁵/ |
Harbin | /fan²⁴/ /fan⁵³/ ~ | |
Tianjin | /fan⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /fã⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /fã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /fan⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /fã²⁴/ | |
Xining | /fã²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /fan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /fɛ̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /fan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /fan²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /fan³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /fan²¹/ | |
Kunming | /fã̠³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /faŋ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /fæ̃⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /fæ̃¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /xuɑŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /fæ̃³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ve²³/ |
Suzhou | /ve̞¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /vẽ̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /va³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /fɛ⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /fuːə⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /fan¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɸan¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fan⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /fan¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /fɑm¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fan²¹/ |
Nanning | /fan²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /fan²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /huan³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huaŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /uaiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /huaŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /faŋ³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: bjom
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rom/
- (Zhengzhang): /*bom/
Definitions
[edit]凡
- in general; every, all, any; indicates that the statement applies generally, to all cases.
- 凡
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Fán wèi rénzǐ zhī lǐ: dōng wēn ér xià qìng, hūn dìng ér chén xǐng, zài chǒuyí bù zhēng. [Pinyin]
- For all sons it is the rule: In winter, to warm [the bed for their parents], and to cool it in summer; in the evening, to adjust everything [for their repose], and to inquire [about their health] in the morning; and, when with their companions, not to quarrel.
為 人 子 之 禮 :冬 溫 而夏 凊,昏定 而晨省 ,在 醜 夷 不 爭 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
凡为人 子 之 礼 :冬 温 而夏 凊,昏定 而晨省 ,在 丑 夷 不 争 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- altogether; in total (of numbers)
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Jūn yī wèi, qīng yī wèi, dàfū yī wèi, shàngshì yī wèi, zhōngshì yī wèi, xiàshì yī wèi, fán liù děng. [Pinyin]
- The Ruler again constituted one dignity; the Chief Minister one; the Great Officers one; the Scholars of the First Class one; those of the Middle Class one; and those of the Lowest Class one - altogether six degrees of dignity.
君 一 位 ,卿 一 位 ,大夫 一 位 ,上士 一 位 ,中 士 一 位 ,下士 一 位 ,凡六 等 。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- ordinary; commonplace
- worldly; mortal; earthly
- (literary) outline; gist
- a surname
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “ordinary”):
偉 /伟 (wěi) (extraordinary)
Compounds
[edit]一 表 非凡 下 凡 (xiàfán)不 凡 (bùfán)不同 凡響/不同 凡响 (bùtóngfánxiǎng)不 平凡 不知 凡幾/不知 凡几 (bùzhīfánjǐ)- 丰標
不 凡 伊 凡諾夫 /伊 凡诺夫 但 凡 (dànfán)入 聖 超凡 /入 圣超凡 - 凡事 (fánshì)
凡人 (fánrén)凡作 凡例 (fánlì)凡俗 (fánsú)- 凡勢/凡势 (hoān-sè) (Min Nan)
- 凡品
- 凡士
林 (fánshìlín) 凡夫 (fánfū)凡夫 俗 子 (fánfūsúzǐ)凡夫 肉眼 凡庸 (fányōng)- 凡心
凡愚 凡才 - 凡是 (fánshì)
- 凡材
- 凡桃
俗 李 - 凡民
- 凡火
- 凡爾/凡尔 (fán'ěr)
- 凡爾
賽 /凡尔赛 (fán'ěrsài) - 凡爾
賽 宮 /凡尔赛宫 (Fán'ěrsài Gōng) 凡百 - 凡目
凡眼 - 凡知
- 凡立
司 - 凡童
- 凡胎
俗骨 - 凡胎濁
骨 /凡胎浊骨 - 凡語/凡语
- 凡近
- 凡間/凡间 (fánjiān)
凡骨 單調 平凡 /单调平凡 器 宇不凡塵 凡/尘凡大凡 (dàfán)平凡 (píngfán)得意 非凡 思 凡楚楚 不 凡濁 質 凡姿/浊质凡姿濁 骨 凡胎/浊骨凡胎發 凡/发凡發 凡舉例 /发凡举例眼 肉 胎凡素 門 凡流/素 门凡流 肉眼 凡夫 肉眼 凡胎- 臨凡/临凡
自 命 不 凡 (zìmìngbùfán)自負 不 凡/自 负不凡- 舉例
發 凡/举例发凡 - 舉凡/举凡 (jǔfán)
- 舉止
不 凡/举止不 凡 諸 凡順遂 /诸凡顺遂超凡 (chāofán)超 凡入聖 /超 凡入圣 (chāofánrùshèng)超凡 出世 身 價 非凡 /身 价非凡 身 手 不 凡 (shēnshǒubùfán)降 凡非凡 (fēifán)非凡 氣魄 /非凡 气魄革 凡成聖 /革 凡成圣革 凡登聖 /革 凡登圣骨格 不 凡
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
凡 |
---|
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fán
- Wade–Giles: fan2
- Yale: fán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
- Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]凡
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “凡”, in
漢語 多功 能 字 庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1],香港 中 文 大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぼん (bon, Jōyō)←ぼん (bon, historical)←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)
- Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō †)←はん (fan, historical)←はむ (famu, ancient)
- Kun: おお (ō, 凡)←おほ (ofo, 凡, historical); おおし (ōshi, 凡)←おほし (ofosi, 凡, historical); おおよそ (ōyoso, 凡)←おほよそ (ofoyoso, 凡, historical); およそ (oyoso,
凡 そ); すべて (subete,凡 て) - Nanori: おおち (ōchi)←おほち (ofoti, historical); おし (oshi); ただし (tadashi); ちか (chika); つね (tsune); なみ (nami); ひろし (hiroshi)
Compounds
[edit]- 凡凡 (bonbon)
- 凡
界 (bonkai) - 凡
眼 (bongan) - 凡
器 (bonki) - 凡
境 (bonkyō), 凡境 (bonkei) - 凡
近 (bonkin) - 凡
愚 (bongu) - 凡
下 (bonge) - 凡
骨 (bonkotsu) - 凡
才 (bonsai) - 凡
作 (bonsaku) - 凡
策 (bonsaku) - 凡
失 (bonshitsu) - 凡
主 (bonshu) - 凡
手 (bonshu) - 凡庶 (bonsho)
- 凡
書 (bonsho) - 凡
小 (bonshō) - 凡
常 (bonjō) - 凡
情 (bonjō) - 凡
将 (bonshō) - 凡
聖 (bonshō) - 凡
人 (bonjin) - 凡
身 (bonshin) - 凡
戦 (bonsen) - 凡
僧 (bonsō), 凡僧 (bonzō) - 凡
走 (bonsō) - 凡
俗 (bonzoku) - 凡
打 (bonda) - 凡
退 (bontai) - 凡
知 , 凡智 (bonchi) - 凡
人 (bonnin) - 凡
百 (bonpyaku) - 凡
夫 (bonpu), 凡夫 (bonbu) - 凡
庸 (bon'yō) - 凡
流 (bonryū) - 凡
慮 (bonryo) - 凡
百 (hanpyaku) - 凡
例 (hanrei) 退 凡下 乗 (daibongejō)常 凡 (jōbon)超 凡 (chōbon)非 凡 (hibon)平 凡 (heibon)大 凡 (ōyoso)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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凡 |
ぼん Grade: S |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
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凢 (rare) |
*/bɨəm/ → /bomʉ/ → /boɴ/
From Middle Chinese 凡 (MC bjom).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]凡 • (bon) -na (adnominal 凡な (bon na), adverbial 凡に (bon ni))
Inflection
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective ( |
凡だろ | ぼんだろ | bon daro |
Continuative ( |
凡で | ぼんで | bon de |
Terminal ( |
凡だ | ぼんだ | bon da |
Attributive ( |
凡な | ぼんな | bon na |
Hypothetical ( |
凡なら | ぼんなら | bon nara |
Imperative ( |
凡であれ | ぼんであれ | bon de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 凡ではない 凡じゃない |
ぼんではない ぼんじゃない |
bon de wa nai bon ja nai |
Informal past | 凡だった | ぼんだった | bon datta |
Informal negative past | 凡ではなかった 凡じゃなかった |
ぼんではなかった ぼんじゃなかった |
bon de wa nakatta bon ja nakatta |
Formal | 凡です | ぼんです | bon desu |
Formal negative | 凡ではありません 凡じゃありません |
ぼんではありません ぼんじゃありません |
bon de wa arimasen bon ja arimasen |
Formal past | 凡でした | ぼんでした | bon deshita |
Formal negative past | 凡ではありませんでした 凡じゃありませんでした |
ぼんではありませんでした ぼんじゃありませんでした |
bon de wa arimasen deshita bon ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 凡で | ぼんで | bon de |
Conditional | 凡なら(ば) | ぼんなら(ば) | bon nara (ba) |
Provisional | 凡だったら | ぼんだったら | bon dattara |
Volitional | 凡だろう | ぼんだろう | bon darō |
Adverbial | 凡に | ぼんに | bon ni |
Degree | 凡さ | ぼんさ | bonsa |
Derived terms
[edit]- 凡ミス (bon misu)
Noun
[edit]- mediocrity
- Antonym:
非凡 (hibon)
- Antonym:
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
凡 |
おお Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
/opo/ → /ofo/ → /oho/ → /oː/
From Old Japanese.
Cognate with
Historically also realized as obo in old texts, and cognate with the obo- element in
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]- (archaic) dim, faint
- Synonym:
仄 か (honoka)
- , text here
天 數 凡津子 之 相 日 於保尓見 敷 者 今 叙 悔 [Man'yōgana]空 数 ふ大 津 の子 が逢ひし日 におぼに見 しかば今 ぞ悔しき [Modern spelling]- sora kazou Ōtsu no ko ga aishi hi ni oboni mishikaba ima zo kuyashiki
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- Synonym:
- (archaic) moderate
- Synonym: いい
加減 (iikagen)
- , text here
- 於能
我 乎遠於保尓奈於毛比曽 尓波尓多知 恵 麻 須我可 良 尓古 麻 尓安布 毛 能 乎 [Man'yōgana] 己 が命 をおほにな思 ひそ庭 に立 ち笑 ますがからに駒 に逢ふものを [Modern spelling]- onoga o o ōni na omoi so niwa ni tachi emasu ga kara ni koma ni au mono o
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 於能
- Synonym: いい
- (archaic) mediocre, ordinary
- , text here
- 凡
有 者 左 毛 右 毛 将 為 乎恐 跡 振 痛 袖 乎忍 而有 香 聞 [Man'yōgana] - おほならばかもかもせむを
畏 みと振 りたき袖 を忍 びてあるかも [Modern spelling] - ōnaraba ka mo ka mo semu o kashikomi to furitaki sode o shinobite aru ka mo
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 凡
- , text here
- (archaic)
大 : large, big; roomy, loose
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
凡 |
おおし Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Appears to be a lexicalized adverbial use of the
Alternatively, might be adjective stem ō + conjunctive particle し (shi).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 凡
河 内 (Ōshikōchi, a surname)
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading ぼむ
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading はん
- Japanese kanji with ancient kan'on reading はむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おお
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おほ
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おほし
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おおよそ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading おほよそ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading およ・そ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading すべ・て
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おおち
- Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading おほち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ただし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ちか
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading つね
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