凡

See also: 几, 凢, 𠁽, 丸まる, and 𠔼

凡 U+51E1, 凡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51E1 ← 几 [U+51E0] CJK Unified Ideographs 凢 → [U+51E2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

凡 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹たけ弓ゆみ戈ほこ (HNI), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿵几丶)

Derived characters

• 𠆩, 𪞖, 㕨, 𪢵, 𫰉, 𭒺, 帆ほ, 𫶿, 忛, 汎ひろし, 䏎, 杋, 𬂢, 𤆘, 𤖫, 𤜦, 㺬, 𤬨, 𡴉, 𥃵, 矾, 𬗄, 舤, 舧, 䖠, 訉, 𨈔, 軓, 𨟱, 釩(钒), 𨥵, 𠙜, 𩖛, 𩚑, 䭵, 𣔗, 𢔫, 骪, 𠔮, 𠥷, 𬹐, 𣋰, 𨙮, 𩾨
• 𪜠, 㞩, 竼, 芃, 𠘻, 𭴄, 𭃓, 𠫨, 梵, 𤈺, 𫷵, 𪎒, 𩬰, 䴟, 𠙩, 𠙮, 𠙱, 𮚝
• 風ふう, 鳳おおとり (originally contain 凡)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1739
• Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 276, character 3
• Unihan data for U+51E1

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凡
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (凡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嵐あらし	*b·ruːm
葻	*b·uːm
釩	*pʰomʔ
汎ひろし	*pʰoms, *bum
凡	*bom
帆ほ	*bom, *boms
颿	*bom, *boms
軓	*bomʔ
梵	*bloms, *bum
芃	*boːŋ, *bum
風ふう	*plum, *plums
飌	*plum
楓かえで	*plum
猦	*plum
偑	*plum
檒	*plum
瘋	*plum
諷	*plums
堸	*blum
渢	*blum
鳳おおとり	*bums

Pictogram (象形しょうけい) – a plate, a flat dish.

Borrowed for abstract meanings. Another character 盤ばん (OC *baːn) was created to refer to the original word.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		凡

According to Schuessler (2007), Sino-Tibetan in origin; compare Mizo pum (“whole; all”), Burmese ဘုံ (bhum, “common, public, communal”). Cognate with 法ほう (OC *pqab, “law”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fán (fan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faan⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): fan⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fam²

• Jin (Wiktionary): fan¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): huàng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoân / hâm / hoān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ / huam⁵ / huang⁶ / huam⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ve
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fan²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fán
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fán
    • Wade–Giles: fan²
    • Yale: fán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
    • Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: faan⁴
    • Yale: fàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fan³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: fam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fam²
    • Sinological IPA: /fam¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fam²
    • Sinological IPA: /fam¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: fan¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /fæ̃¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
    • Tâi-lô: huân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
    • Tâi-lô: hâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haam
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
    • Tâi-lô: huān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang⁵ / huam⁵ / huang⁶ / huam⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huâm / huăng / huăm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /huam⁵⁵/, /huaŋ³⁵/, /huam³⁵/

Note:

• huang5/huam5 - "ordinary" (huang5 - Shantou, huam5 - Chaozhou);
• huang6/huam6 - “outline, every, altogether, surname” (huang6 - Shantou, huam6 - Chaozhou).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ve
    • MiniDict: ve^去さ
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ve
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ve²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: fan²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸan¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 凡
Mandarin	Beijing	/fan³⁵/
	Harbin	/fan²⁴/ 下しも～ /fan⁵³/ ～是ぜ
	Tianjin	/fan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/fã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/fã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/fã²⁴/
	Xining	/fã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/fan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/fɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/fan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/fan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/fan³¹/
	Guiyang	/fan²¹/
	Kunming	/fã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/faŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/fæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/fæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ve²³/
	Suzhou	/ve̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/vẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/va³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/fɛ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/fuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/fan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɸan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/fan⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/fan¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/fɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fan²¹/
	Nanning	/fan²¹/
	Hong Kong	/fan²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/huan³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huaŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/uaiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/huaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/faŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjom

Rime
Character	凡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲こえ)	並なみ (3)
Final (韻いん)	凡 (146)
Tone (調しらべ)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい)	Closed
Division (等ひとし)	III
Fanqie	符ふ咸切きり
Baxter	bjom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨɐm/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐm/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buam/
Li Rong	/biɐm/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]rom/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bom/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fán
Middle Chinese	‹ bjom ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]rom/
English	in every case
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凡
Reading #	1/1
No.	2914
Phonetic component	凡
Rime group	談だん
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	凡
Old Chinese	/*bom/
Notes	鹹手て冊さつ據よりどころ切きり韻いん改あらため䒦

Definitions

凡

1. in general; every, all, any; indicates that the statement applies generally, to all cases.

   • 凡為ため人ひと子こ之これ禮れい：冬ふゆ溫ぬる而夏なつ凊，昏定じょう而晨省しょう，在ざい醜みにく夷えびす不ふ爭そう。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     凡为人ひと子こ之これ礼れい：冬ふゆ温ぬる而夏なつ凊，昏定じょう而晨省しょう，在ざい丑うし夷えびす不ふ争そう。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Fán wèi rénzǐ zhī lǐ: dōng wēn ér xià qìng, hūn dìng ér chén xǐng, zài chǒuyí bù zhēng. [Pinyin]

     For all sons it is the rule: In winter, to warm [the bed for their parents], and to cool it in summer; in the evening, to adjust everything [for their repose], and to inquire [about their health] in the morning; and, when with their companions, not to quarrel.

   • 凡被ひ造みやつこ的てき，沒ぼつ有ゆう一樣いちよう不ふ是ぜ藉著他た造みやつこ的てき。 [MSC, trad.]
     凡被ひ造みやつこ的てき，没ぼつ有ゆう一いち样不ふ是ぜ借着かりぎ他た造みやつこ的てき。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 新しん標しるべ點てん和合本わごうほん (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 約やく翰福音おん (John) 1:3

     Fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yīyàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de. [Pinyin]

     Without him was not any thing made that was made.

2. altogether; in total (of numbers)

   • 君きみ一いち位くらい，卿きょう一いち位くらい，大夫たいふ一いち位くらい，上士じょうし一いち位くらい，中ちゅう士し一いち位くらい，下士かし一いち位くらい，凡六ろく等ひとし。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jūn yī wèi, qīng yī wèi, dàfū yī wèi, shàngshì yī wèi, zhōngshì yī wèi, xiàshì yī wèi, fán liù děng. [Pinyin]

     The Ruler again constituted one dignity; the Chief Minister one; the Great Officers one; the Scholars of the First Class one; those of the Middle Class one; and those of the Lowest Class one - altogether six degrees of dignity.

3. ordinary; commonplace

   非ひ凡  ―  fēifán  ―  extraordinary

   凡人ひと  ―  fánrén  ―  common people

4. worldly; mortal; earthly
5. (literary) outline; gist
6. a surname

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 偉えら／伟 (wěi) (extraordinary)

Compounds

• 一いち表ひょう非凡ひぼん
• 下しも凡 (xiàfán)
• 不ふ凡 (bùfán)
• 不同ふどう凡響／不同ふどう凡响 (bùtóngfánxiǎng)
• 不ふ平凡へいぼん
• 不知ふち凡幾／不知ふち凡几 (bùzhīfánjǐ)
• 丰標不ふ凡
• 伊い凡諾夫おっと／伊い凡诺夫おっと
• 但ただし凡 (dànfán)
• 入にゅう聖せい超凡ちょうぼん／入にゅう圣超凡ちょうぼん
• 凡事 (fánshì)
• 凡人ぼんじん (fánrén)
• 凡作ぼんさく
• 凡例はんれい (fánlì)
• 凡俗ぼんぞく (fánsú)
• 凡勢／凡势 (hoān-sè) (Min Nan)
• 凡品
• 凡士林りん (fánshìlín)
• 凡夫ぼんぷ (fánfū)
• 凡夫ぼんぷ俗ぞく子こ (fánfūsúzǐ)
• 凡夫ぼんぷ肉眼にくがん
• 凡庸ぼんよう (fányōng)
• 凡心
• 凡愚ぼんぐ
• 凡才ぼんさい
• 凡是 (fánshì)
• 凡材
• 凡桃俗ぞく李り
• 凡民
• 凡火
• 凡爾／凡尔 (fán'ěr)
• 凡爾賽さい／凡尔赛 (fán'ěrsài)
• 凡爾賽さい宮みや／凡尔赛宫 (Fán'ěrsài Gōng)
• 凡百ぼんぴゃく
• 凡目
• 凡眼ぼんがん
• 凡知
• 凡立司し
• 凡童
• 凡胎俗骨ぞっこつ
• 凡胎濁骨こつ／凡胎浊骨
• 凡語／凡语
• 凡近
• 凡間／凡间 (fánjiān)
• 凡骨ぼんこつ
• 單調たんちょう平凡へいぼん／单调平凡へいぼん
• 器うつわ宇不凡
• 塵ちり凡／尘凡
• 大凡おおよそ (dàfán)
• 平凡へいぼん (píngfán)
• 得意とくい非凡ひぼん
• 思おもえ凡
• 楚楚そそ不ふ凡
• 濁にご質しつ凡姿／浊质凡姿
• 濁にご骨ほね凡胎／浊骨凡胎
• 發はつ凡／发凡
• 發はつ凡舉例れい／发凡举例
• 眼め肉にく胎凡
• 素もと門もん凡流／素す门凡流りゅう
• 肉眼にくがん凡夫ぼんぷ
• 肉眼にくがん凡胎
• 臨凡／临凡
• 自じ命いのち不ふ凡 (zìmìngbùfán)
• 自負じふ不ふ凡／自じ负不凡
• 舉例發はつ凡／举例发凡
• 舉凡／举凡 (jǔfán)
• 舉止不ふ凡／举止不ふ凡
• 諸しょ凡順遂とげ／诸凡顺遂
• 超凡ちょうぼん (chāofán)
• 超ちょう凡入聖きよし／超ちょう凡入圣 (chāofánrùshèng)
• 超凡ちょうぼん出世しゅっせ
• 身み價か非凡ひぼん／身み价非凡ひぼん
• 身み手しゅ不ふ凡 (shēnshǒubùfán)
• 降くだ凡
• 非凡ひぼん (fēifán)
• 非凡ひぼん氣魄きはく／非凡ひぼん气魄
• 革かわ凡成聖きよし／革かわ凡成圣
• 革かわ凡登聖きよし／革かわ凡登圣
• 骨格こっかく不ふ凡

 

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		凡

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fán (fan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fán
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fán
    • Wade–Giles: fan²
    • Yale: fán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
    • Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän³⁵/

Definitions

凡

1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note fa (4).

   Synonym: 反はん (Cantonese opera)

Derived terms

• 𠆩
• 𪛝 (fán)
• 𱝬 (fán)

 

References

• “凡”, in 漢語かんご多功たこう能のう字じ庫こ (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港ほんこん中ちゅう文ぶん大學だいがく (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

凡

(Jōyō kanji)

1. in general, by and large
2. ordinary, common, mediocre
3. outline, gist

Readings

• Go-on: ぼん (bon, Jōyō)^{←ぼん (bon, historical)←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō ^†)^{←はん (fan, historical)←はむ (famu, ancient)}
• Kun: おお (ō, 凡)^{←おほ (ofo, 凡, historical)}; おおし (ōshi, 凡)^{←おほし (ofosi, 凡, historical)}; おおよそ (ōyoso, 凡)^{←おほよそ (ofoyoso, 凡, historical)}; およそ (oyoso, 凡およそ); すべて (subete, 凡すべて)
• Nanori: おおち (ōchi)^{←おほち (ofoti, historical)}; おし (oshi); ただし (tadashi); ちか (chika); つね (tsune); なみ (nami); ひろし (hiroshi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 凡(ぼん)凡(ぼん) (bonbon)
• 凡(ぼん)界さかい(かい) (bonkai)
• 凡(ぼん)眼め(がん) (bongan)
• 凡(ぼん)器うつわ(き) (bonki)
• 凡(ぼん)境さかい(きょう) (bonkyō), 凡(ぼん)境さかい(けい) (bonkei)
• 凡(ぼん)近ちか(きん) (bonkin)
• 凡(ぼん)愚ぐ(ぐ) (bongu)
• 凡(ぼん)下した(げ) (bonge)
• 凡(ぼん)骨ほね(こつ) (bonkotsu)
• 凡(ぼん)才ざい(さい) (bonsai)
• 凡(ぼん)作さく(さく) (bonsaku)
• 凡(ぼん)策さく(さく) (bonsaku)
• 凡(ぼん)失しつ(しつ) (bonshitsu)
• 凡(ぼん)主あるじ(しゅ) (bonshu)
• 凡(ぼん)手て(しゅ) (bonshu)
• 凡(ぼん)庶(しょ) (bonsho)
• 凡(ぼん)書しょ(しょ) (bonsho)
• 凡(ぼん)小しょう(しょう) (bonshō)
• 凡(ぼん)常つね(じょう) (bonjō)
• 凡(ぼん)情じょう(じょう) (bonjō)
• 凡(ぼん)将はた(しょう) (bonshō)
• 凡(ぼん)聖きよし(しょう) (bonshō)
• 凡(ぼん)人ひと(じん) (bonjin)
• 凡(ぼん)身み(しん) (bonshin)
• 凡(ぼん)戦せん(せん) (bonsen)
• 凡(ぼん)僧そう(そう) (bonsō), 凡(ぼん)僧そう(ぞう) (bonzō)
• 凡(ぼん)走はし(そう) (bonsō)
• 凡(ぼん)俗ぞく(ぞく) (bonzoku)
• 凡(ぼん)打だ(だ) (bonda)
• 凡(ぼん)退すさ(たい) (bontai)
• 凡(ぼん)知ち(ち), 凡(ぼん)智さとし(ち) (bonchi)
• 凡(ぼん)人ひと(にん) (bonnin)
• 凡(ぼん)百ひゃく(ぴゃく) (bonpyaku)
• 凡(ぼん)夫おっと(ぷ) (bonpu), 凡(ぼん)夫おっと(ぶ) (bonbu)
• 凡(ぼん)庸いさお(よう) (bon'yō)
• 凡(ぼん)流ながれ(りゅう) (bonryū)
• 凡(ぼん)慮おもんばか(りょ) (bonryo)
• 凡(はん)百ひゃく(ぴゃく) (hanpyaku)
• 凡(はん)例れい(れい) (hanrei)
• 退すさ(だい)凡(ぼん)下した(げ)乗の(じょう) (daibongejō)
• 常つね(じょう)凡(ぼん) (jōbon)
• 超ちょう(ちょう)凡(ぼん) (chōbon)
• 非ひ(ひ)凡(ぼん) (hibon)
• 平ひらた(へい)凡(ぼん) (heibon)
• 大だい(おお)凡(よそ) (ōyoso)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
凡
ぼん Grade: S
goon

Alternative spelling
凢 (rare)

*/bɨəm/ → /bomʉ/ → /boɴ/

From Middle Chinese 凡 (MC bjom).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぼん [bóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bõ̞ɴ]

Adjective

凡(ぼん) • (bon) -na (adnominal 凡(ぼん)な (bon na), adverbial 凡(ぼん)に (bon ni))

1. mediocre, ordinary

   Antonym: 非凡ひぼん (hibon)

Inflection

Inflection of 凡

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然みぜん形がた)	凡だろ	ぼんだろ	bon daro
Continuative (連用形れんようけい)	凡で	ぼんで	bon de
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた)	凡だ	ぼんだ	bon da
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた)	凡な	ぼんな	bon na
Hypothetical (仮定かてい形がた)	凡なら	ぼんなら	bon nara
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた)	凡であれ	ぼんであれ	bon de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	凡ではない 凡じゃない	ぼんではない ぼんじゃない	bon de wa nai bon ja nai
Informal past	凡だった	ぼんだった	bon datta
Informal negative past	凡ではなかった 凡じゃなかった	ぼんではなかった ぼんじゃなかった	bon de wa nakatta bon ja nakatta
Formal	凡です	ぼんです	bon desu
Formal negative	凡ではありません 凡じゃありません	ぼんではありません ぼんじゃありません	bon de wa arimasen bon ja arimasen
Formal past	凡でした	ぼんでした	bon deshita
Formal negative past	凡ではありませんでした 凡じゃありませんでした	ぼんではありませんでした ぼんじゃありませんでした	bon de wa arimasen deshita bon ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	凡で	ぼんで	bon de
Conditional	凡なら（ば）	ぼんなら（ば）	bon nara (ba)
Provisional	凡だったら	ぼんだったら	bon dattara
Volitional	凡だろう	ぼんだろう	bon darō
Adverbial	凡に	ぼんに	bon ni
Degree	凡さ	ぼんさ	bonsa

Derived terms

• 凡(ぼん)ミス (bon misu)

Noun

凡(ぼん) • (bon) 

1. mediocrity

   Antonym: 非凡ひぼん (hibon)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
凡
おお Grade: S
kun'yomi

/opo/ → /ofo/ → /oho/ → /oː/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 大だい (ō, “great, large”), and the oho- element in おほほし (ohohoshi, “unclear, indistinct; depressed, gloomy; stupid, imbecilic”).

Historically also realized as obo in old texts, and cognate with the obo- element in 朧おぼろ (oboro, “hazy, vague, dim, indistinct”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ː]

Adjective

凡(おお) • (ō) ^{←おほ (ofo)?†}-nari

1. (archaic) dim, faint

   Synonym: 仄ほのか (honoka)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 219:
     , text here

     天てん(そら)數かず(かぞふ)凡津(おほつの)子こ之の(こが)相そう(あひし)日ひ(ひに)於保(おほ)尓(に)見み(み)敷じき(しか)者もの(ば)今いま(いま)叙じょ(ぞ)悔(くやしき) [Man'yōgana]

     空そら数すう(そらかぞ)ふ大だい(おほ)津つ(つ)の子こ(こ)が逢(あ)ひし日ひ(ひ)におぼに見み(み)しかば今いま(いま)ぞ悔(くや)しき [Modern spelling]

     sora kazou Ōtsu no ko ga aishi hi ni oboni mishikaba ima zo kuyashiki

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. (archaic) moderate

   Synonym: いい加減かげん (iikagen)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3535:
     , text here

     於能我わが乎遠(おのがをを)於保(おほ)尓奈於毛比曽ひそ(になおもひそ)尓波尓多知ち(にはにたち)恵めぐみ麻あさ須我可か良りょう尓(ゑますがからに)古こ麻あさ尓安布ぬの毛げ能のう乎(こまにあふものを) [Man'yōgana]

     己おのれ(おの)が命いのち(を)をおほにな思おもえ(おも)ひそ庭にわ(には)に立だて(た)ち笑わらい(ゑ)ますがからに駒こま(こま)に逢(あ)ふものを [Modern spelling]

     onoga o o ōni na omoi so niwa ni tachi emasu ga kara ni koma ni au mono o

     (please add an English translation of this example)

3. (archaic) mediocre, ordinary

   Synonyms: 普通ふつう (futsū), 平凡へいぼん (heibon)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 965:
     , text here

     凡(おほ)有ゆう(なら)者もの(ば)左ひだり毛げ右みぎ毛げ将はた為ため乎(かもかもせむを)恐こわ(かしこみ)跡あと(と)振ふ痛つう袖そで(ふりたきそで)乎(を)忍にん(しのび)而(て)有ゆう(ある)香こう聞(かも) [Man'yōgana]

     おほならばかもかもせむを畏かしこ(かしこ)みと振ふ(ふ)りたき袖そで(そで)を忍にん(しの)びてあるかも [Modern spelling]

     ōnaraba ka mo ka mo semu o kashikomi to furitaki sode o shinobite aru ka mo

     (please add an English translation of this example)

4. (archaic) 大だい: large, big; roomy, loose

Derived terms

• 朧おぼろ(おぼろ) (oboro, “hazy”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
凡
おおし Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Appears to be a lexicalized adverbial use of the 終止しゅうし形がた (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 多おおし (ōshi, “many”, modern 多おおい (ōi), same opo → ofo → oho → ō root).

Alternatively, might be adjective stem ō + conjunctive particle し (shi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞ːɕi]

Adverb

凡(おおし) • (ōshi) ^{←おほし (ofosi)?}

1. about, generally, in general

   Synonyms: 凡およそ (oyoso), 大体だいたい (daitai)

Derived terms

• 凡(おおし)河かわ(こ)内うち(うち) (Ōshikōchi, a surname)

Korean

Hanja

凡 (eumhun 무릇 범 (mureut beom))

1. hanja form^? of 범 (“all, any, every”)
2. hanja form^? of 범 (“ordinary, common”)

Vietnamese

Han character

凡: Hán Nôm readings: phàm

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