丸まる

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See also: 九きゅう and 丮
丸まる U+4E38, 丸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38
← 丷
[U+4E37] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丹に →
[U+4E39]

丸 U+2F801, 丸
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801
← 丽
[U+2F800] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →
[U+2F802]

Translingual

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Stroke order
3 strokes

Han character

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丸まる (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓だいきゅう戈ほこ (KNI), four-corner 50017, composition ⿻九きゅう丶(GJKV) or ⿵九きゅう丶(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
  • Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 42, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+4E38

Chinese

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trad. 丸まる
simp. # 丸まる
alternative forms 𠁽

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 丸まる
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
s06805
Transcribed ancient scripts
L31714
L31715
L06169
L06170
L06171
L06172
L06173
L06174
L06175
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丸まる) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
骫 *qʷralʔ
丸まる *ɡʷaːn
紈 *ɡʷaːn
芄 *ɡʷaːn
汍 *ɡʷaːn
肒 *ɡʷaːns

Ideogram (指事しじ) , differentiated form of 夗 (OC *qonʔ), which was originally the same character.

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事しじ) from flipped 仄 (“to tilt”) – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執と and 孰, which comes from 丮 (a kneeling person with stretched arms to indicate "to hold").

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any relation to 圓えん?”)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • oân - literary;
  • îⁿ - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 丸まる
Mandarin Beijing /uan³⁵/
Harbin /uan²⁴/
Tianjin /van⁴⁵/
Jinan /vã⁴²/
Qingdao /vã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uan⁴²/
Xi'an /uã²⁴/
Xining /uã²⁴/
Yinchuan /van⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /van⁵¹/
Wuhan /uan²¹³/ 藥くすり～子こ
/yɛn²¹³/ 肉にく～子こ
Chengdu /uan³¹/
Guiyang /uan²¹/
Kunming /uã̠³¹/
Nanjing /uaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /væ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /uɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /væ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuø²³/
Suzhou /ɦuø¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦuõ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jy³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uːən⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /yẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ian¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn³⁵/
Nanning /yn²¹/
Hong Kong /jyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /uan³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uoŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /yiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zuaŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 丸まる
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲こえ) 匣くしげ (33)
Final (韻いん) 桓 (62)
Tone (調しらべ) Level (Ø)
Openness (開ひらき合あい) Closed
Division (等ひとし) I
Fanqie 胡えびす官かん切きり
Baxter hwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwan/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuɑn/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸まる 丸まる
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wán wán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwan › ‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷˁar/ /*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
English pellet; ball 烏丸からすま Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丸まる
Reading # 1/1
No. 12608
Phonetic
component 		丸まる
Rime
group 		元もと
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		桓
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡʷaːn/

Definitions

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丸まる

  1. small round object; ball; pellet
    肉にく丸まる  ―  ròuwán  ―  meatball
  2. (medicine) pill
  3. (obsolete) egg (of a bird)
  4. (obsolete) to roll into a ball
  5. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.
  6. a surname: Wan

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Vietnamese: viên

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丸まる
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦʷˁar/ (< *[ɢ]ʷˁar)
English 烏丸からすま Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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丸まる

  1. Used in 烏丸からすま／乌丸.

Japanese

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Kanji

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丸まる

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. circle
  2. round
  3. whole
  4. pill

Readings

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(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
丸まる
まる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/

Shift from Old Japanese 丸まる (maro, see below).[1]

Alternative forms

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  • (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円えん

Pronunciation

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  • Pitch accent for prefix unknown.

Noun

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丸まる(まる) • (maru) 

  1. any round object:
    1. a circle
    2. a sphere, ball
    3. (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
    4. the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
    5. (by extension) something correct, good, or right
  2. (colloquial) money
    Synonym: 金銭きんせん (kinsen)
  3. enclosure inside a castle's walls
  4. (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点くてん (kuten, “full stop, period”)
  5. (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半はん濁点だくてん (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
  6. the circular outline of a Japanese crest
  7. (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle
    Synonym: 鼈すっぽん (suppon)
  8. term relating to completeness:
    1. fullness, wholeness
    2. meeting specific conditions
  9. a Japanese unit of weight
    1 maru is equal to 50 斤きん (kin), approximately 30 kilograms
  10. a Japanese unit of counting washi
  11. a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Prefix

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丸まる(まる) • (maru-) 

  1. whole, complete
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Suffix

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丸まる(まる) • (-maru) 

  1. suffix for ship names

Proper noun

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丸まる(まる) • (Maru) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
丸まる
まる
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Suffix

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丸まる(まる) • (-maru) 

  1. Alternative spelling of 麻呂まろ (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

Pronoun

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丸まる(まる) • (maru) 

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂まろ (maru): first-person singular, I, me

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
丸まる
まろ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

⟨maro2⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/

From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

Adjective

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丸まる(まろ) • (maro) †-nari

  1. round
  2. plump and thick
  3. all, whole
    Synonym: 全部ぜんぶ (zenbu)

Noun

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丸まる(まろ) • (maro) 

  1. a round object
  2. all, whole
  3. coins, money
    Synonym: 銭ぜに (zeni)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Proper noun

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丸まる(まろ) • (Maro) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
丸まる
がん
Grade: 2
on'yomi

/ɡwan/ → /ɡan/

From Middle Chinese 丸まる (MC hwan).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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丸まる(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. round; circular
Derived terms
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Japanese terms suffixed with 丸まる

Noun

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丸まる(がん) • (gan) ←ぐわん (gwan)?

  1. a meatball, fishball
  2. a pill
    Synonym: 丸薬がんやく (gan'yaku)

Proper noun

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丸まる(がん) • (Gan) ←ぐわん (Gwan)?

  1. a surname

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林だいじりん [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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丸まる (eumhun 둥글 환 (dunggeul hwan))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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丸まる: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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