咸
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]咸 (Kangxi radical 30,
Derived characters
[edit]- 减, 喊, 堿, 㛾, 㨔,
減 , 㺂, 椷, 煘, 瑊, 䁍, 碱, 緘(缄), 羬, 諴(𫍯), 輱, 醎, 鍼, 𠁝,鰔 , 鹹, 黬, 䶢, 㰹, 顑,感 , 觱, 䶠, 嵅, 葴, 箴, 䖗, 麙
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 187, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3563
- Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1404, character 2
- Unihan data for U+54B8
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
咸 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 冚 Cantonese “all; entire” |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 咸 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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*kɯːmʔ | |
鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
憾 | *ɡɯːms |
喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
緘 | *krɯːm |
瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ | |
羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
箴 | *kjɯm |
葴 | *kjɯm |
鱵 | *kjum |
Ideogrammic compound (
For etymology 2, simplified from 鹹 (elimination of 鹵).
Etymology 1
[edit]Compare Khmer ព្រម (prɔɔm, “to agree; to go along with; together”) (Schuessler, 2007).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haam4
- Yale: hàahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: haam4
- Guangdong Romanization: ham4
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ham3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ham²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
- Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ham2
- Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: heam
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤr[ə]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːm/
Definitions
[edit]咸
- (literary) all; completely
老少 咸宜 ― lǎoshàoxiányí ― to be suitable for both the old and the young
- 於
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Yú zhūhóu zhī yuē, dàwáng dāng wàng Guānzhōng, Guānzhōng mín xián zhī zhī. [Pinyin]
- By the covenant made with vassals, you should be the king in Guanzhong; all people of Guanzhong knew this.
諸侯 之 約 ,大王 當 王 關 中 ,關 中 民 咸知 之 。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
于诸侯之 约,大王 当 王 关中,关中民 咸知 之 。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) together
- (literary) united; in harmony
- (literary) common; widespread
- (obsolete) to finish; to terminate
- 31st hexagram of the I Ching
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | ||
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | |
Malaysia | ||
Singapore | ||
Cantonese | Guangzhou | |
Hong Kong | ||
Taishan | ||
Singapore (Guangfu) | ||
Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | ||
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | ||
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | ||
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | ||
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | ||
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | ||
Southern Min | Xiamen | |
Quanzhou | ||
Zhangzhou | ||
Tainan | ||
Penang (Hokkien) | ||
Singapore (Hokkien) | ||
Manila (Hokkien) | ||
Chaozhou | 夠, 咸 | |
Jieyang | 夠, 咸 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 夠 | |
Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) |
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 咸 – see 鹹 (“salty; briny; stingy; miserly; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鹹). |
Notes:
|
Usage notes
[edit]Often used in place of 鹹 (“salty”) in Hong Kong, even though 鹹 is the traditional Chinese character.
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 咸 – see 冚 (“(Cantonese) entire”). (This character is a variant form of 冚). |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: げん (gen)←げむ (gemu, historical)
- Kan-on: かん (kan)←かむ (kamu, historical)
- Kun: みな (mina, 咸)
- Nanori: たける (takeru); はやし (hayashi); みな (mina)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]咸 (eum 함 (ham))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading げむ
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みな
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たける
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はやし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みな
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